Topic #4: Nervous System and Brain Organization

A stroke occurs when blood flow to a region of the brain is interrupted, damaging the cells in that region. What symptoms might you see if a person suffered a stroke in their cerebellum? A loss of balance and coordination B difficulty speaking C visual impairment D loss of sensory perception

A

Body functions such as heart rate, blood flow, and digestion are controlled by the _____ nervous system. A autonomic B voluntary C automatic D somatic

A

Dilated pupils, inhibited digestive activity, increased respiratory rate, and release of glucose from the liver are all signs of activity of: A the sympathetic division of the autonomic system. B both divisions of the autonomic nervous system. C the somatic nervous system. D the parasympathetic division of the autonomic system.

A

white matter

contains axons of neurons. fatty myelin makes it white

limbic system

controls physiological drives, instincts, emotions, motivation

cerebellum

coordinates complex motor tasks

frontal lobe

decision making/planning

sulci

deep crevices in brain that separate major regions of the cerebral hemisphere

gray matter

densely packed neuron cell bodies and dendrites

primary somatosensory cortex

integrates tactile info and relays info to motor cortex

cerebral cortex

largest part of brain, oversees sensory perception, memory, and learning

hippocampus

long term memory

brainstem

regulates motor functions like walking, breathing, swallowing

hypothalamus

regulates physiological state of the body

temporal lobe

processing sound, language, object identification

occipital lobe

processing visual information

steps for long term potentiation

1. neurons in excited circuit within hippocampus release glutamate 2. open Na and Ca channels 3. signaling pathway 4. biochemical changes and enhanced responses to stimulation 5. protein synthesis 6. new receptors and dendrites in post synaptic cell formed 7. stronger signaling and more responsive stimulation

Imagine that you are talking with one of your friends about your biology course. He states that the somatic nervous system is subdivided into sympathetic and parasympathetic components, and is responsible for involuntary responses. Is this statement correct? A No, the somatic nervous system is responsible for voluntary responses, and is not subdivided into sympathetic and parasympathetic components. B No, although the somatic nervous system does have both sympathetic and parasympathetic subdivisions, it is responsible for voluntary responses. C Yes, this statement is correct. The somatic nervous system has both sympathetic and parasympathetic components and controls involuntary responses. D No, although the somatic nervous system controls involuntary responses, it is the autonomic nervous system that is subdivided into parasympathetic and sympathetic components.

A

Which brain region is associated with language in humans? A temporal lobe B parietal lobe C occipital lobe D frontal lobe

A

Which of the following is an example of the effector's role in maintaining homeostasis? A decrease in body temperature on a cold day B increased sweating on a hot summer day C increased body temperature during a workout D vasodilation on a cold winter day

B

Which of the following sets of terms belong together? A voluntary, somatic, sympathetic B involuntary, autonomic, sympathetic C voluntary, autonomic, parasympathetic D involuntary, somatic, parasympathetic

B

he cellular changes associated with long-term potentiation are localized to: A both pre- and postsynaptic cells. B the postsynaptic cell. C the presynaptic cell.

B

3.What effect does the nervous system have on the heart rate? A Stimulation by sympathetic nerves sets the resting heart rate of the pacemaker cells in the SA node. B Stimulation by either the sympathetic or parasympathetic nerves causes pacemaker cells in the SA node to depolarize more slowly. C Stimulation by parasympathetic nerves causes the heart rate to slow down. D Stimulation by sympathetic nerves causes the pacemaker cells of the AV node to depolarize more rapidly than the pacemaker cells of the SA node. E The nervous system does not directly affect the heart rate.

C

In maintaining homeostasis of body temperature, what role does the hypothalamus play? A response B effector C sensor D stimulus

C

Memory and learning take place in which area of the brain? A cerebellum B pons and medulla C cerebrum and hippocampus D hypothalamus

C

Which one of the following choices contains structures found in the hindbrain? A thalamus and hypothalamus B limbic system C cerebellum and pons D cerebral cortex

C

Which region is LARGEST in a mammalian brain? A hippocampus B cerebellum C cerebral cortex D brainstem

C

Research suggests that learning may involve: A strengthening the sodium-potassium pump. B synaptic changes causing slower reuptake of neurotransmitter from the synaptic cleft. C changes in action potential duration caused by blocking voltage-gated K+ channels. D synaptic changes caused by decreasing the size of the synaptic cleft and increasing the effectiveness of neurotransmitter diffusion. E Ca2+ influx into a postsynaptic cell, causing biochemical changes and enhanced response to stimulation.

E

parietal lobe

body awareness and complex tasks

thalamus

central relay station for sensory info

primary motor cortex

neurons produce complex coordinated behaviours