Topic test- cardiovascular fitness

Weight lifting is an example of an anaerobic exercise.

True

Body composition

Underweight is less than 18.5, normal is 18.5 to 24.9, overweight is 25.0 to 29.9, obesity is 30.0 to 39.9 and extreme obesity is greater or equal to 40.0

Maximum oxygen uptake

VO2 max

Calculation of VO2 max

VO2 max= 15(HRmax/HRrest)

Briefly construct a 3-week workout routine that incorporates the fitness principle of overload.

Week 1: run 1 mile with a pace of 10 minutes/miles Week 2: run 1.2 miles with a pace of 10 minutes/mile Week 3: run 1.5 miles with a pace of 9.5 minutes/mile

Progression and running

Week 1: run one mile; pace is 10 min/ mile -Week 2: run 1.5 miles; pace is 10 min/mile -Week 3: run 2 miles; pace is 9.5 min/ mile

Once a person has been diagnosed with diabetes, what is the single greatest health threat they will face?

cardiovascular disease

A myocardial infarction is a heart attack.

true

Both the heart and arteries contract to pump blood throughout the body.

true

Plyometrics can help a person maintain cardiorespiratory fitness.

true

Angioplasty is the most typical treatment for arteriosclerosis.

false

Hypertension is NOT a type of cardiovascular disease.

false

The muscular and cardiovascular systems can both be overloaded during exercise.

true

Which of the following is NOT a symptom of cardiomyopathy?

fever

A rapid, irregular heartbeat is a symptom of __________.

heart failure

Safety considerations for cardio respiratory fitness:

warm-up, eating meals, avoid pollutants, hydration, pain, find target heart rate zone, planning for hot weather

The heart:

pump that makes the cardiovascular system work, mostly made of muscle tissue called myocardium, automatically adjusts to activity level, composes of four chambers

The human cardiovascular system is considered closed because _________

there are no holes for blood to enter or leave the system

Your maximum oxygen intake is a measurement of the ability __________.

-to transport oxygen to your muscles -of the muscles to absorb oxygen -of the muscles to create energy from oxygen

The aorta pumps blood out of the heart to the rest of the body.

True

The cardiovascular system helps move hormones throughout the body during exercise.

True

The cardiovascular system, which transports blood through the body, is a one-way system.

True

Estimated VO2 Max:

due to concerns of access and cost, other methods have been developed -Estimate VO2 max based on heart rates, developed by Denmark researchers

All of the following are true about eating prior to exercise EXCEPT:

eating increases the amount of oxygen available during exercise

Anaerobic goal examples:

-Sprint half a mile in less time than the previous week, walking lunges-3sets of 10 twice a week, Squat jump nonstop for 1 minute

Direct VO2 Max measurement: professional testing method

-Subject wears a mask to measure oxygen intake, undergoes increasingly strenuous exercise on the treadmill, and the test stops when subject can no longer keep up with the treadmill

Aerobic goal examples:

-running a 7-minute mile, climbing a local mountain in 20% less time than your previous time, and cycling 20 miles in 90 minutes

Which of the following is a healthy blood pressure level?

110/75

Optimal cardiorespiratory fitness requires a BMI of __________

18.5 to 24.9

Target heart zone

220 minus age, about 50-85% of max

__________ of the population of the United States is obese.

33%

For a typical person who leads a sedentary lifestyle, a typical maximum oxygen intake level would be __________

35 ml/kg/min

When considering special needs acceptance guidelines, which of the following is NOT included?

A "one-size fits all" approach should be maintained.

Explain what it means to adapt the environment for those with special needs.

Adapting the environment for those with special needs means that your are adjusting the playing area, limiting distractions, designating a quiet space for recovery and limiting contact opportunities when playing sports.

Individuals should participate in __________ exercises to increase cardiovascular endurance.

Aerobic

What treatment option is shared for high blood pressure, arteriosclerosis, atherosclerosis, and coronary heart disease?

All of these conditions can be treated by thinning the blood. In each case, lowering blood pressure helps reduce the symptoms, and some of the best medications for lowering blood pressure do so by thinning the blood.

What distinguishes atherosclerosis from arteriosclerosis?

Atherosclerosis is characterized by plaque buildup.

Which of the following is NOT transferred by alveoli?

Blood

What are the advantages and disadvantages of each of the methods of calculating maximum oxygen intake?

Calculating maximum oxygen intake doesn't have any extra costs and there are no concerns of access to materials to assess your cardio respiratory fitness. Calculating maximum oxygen intake is just an estimation so it isn't proven to be entirely accurate when assessing fitness levels but is much more accessible.

As people age, they become unable to control their cardiorespiratory fitness levels.

False

Cardiorespiratory fitness can only be measured through exercise.

False

Continuously running three miles every day over the course of 10 weeks is an example of the exercise principle progression.

False

The maximum oxygen intake level can only be measured using the multistage fitness test.

False

The right ventricle transports oxygenated blood to the lungs.

False

White blood cells prevent the loss of blood by causing clotting.

False

What distinguishes high blood pressure from conditions such as arteriosclerosis and atherosclerosis?

High blood pressure has no symptoms.

Explain how one remains properly hydrated during exercise and why it is important.

It is important to drink water before, during, and after exercise in order to keep the body from dehydrating, especially in hot weather. One should also avoid drinking large amounts of water at one time as well as sugary sports drinks.

Why do males tend to have better cardiorespiratory fitness than females?

Males tend to have higher levels of hemoglobin in their blood.

Describe how a multistage fitness test works and what it is intended to do.

Multi-stage fitness tests are when you run continuously between two locks 20 meters apart, you must reach blocks before the beep sounds. When time passes, beeps are more frequent and forces the participant to increase their speed. The maximum level reached equals the participant's score. It's intended to measure one's cardio respiratory fitness and your ability to transport oxygen to your muscles and the ability of the muscles to absorb oxygen and create energy from it.

What are the odds of nonsmokers developing cardiovascular disease when compared to smokers?

Nonsmokers are half as likely to develop cardiovascular disease.

Explain how each of the three principles of cardiovascular fitness can lead to injury if they are not adhered to properly.

Overload can lead to injury if a person ignores his or her body's warning signs and continues applying stress to overworked muscles. Progression can easily lead to injury if an exercise program scales too quickly in difficulty. Specificity can contribute to injury if a person doesn't adhere to reasonable and attainable goals and attempts to do too much, too soon.

Which of the following athletic programs are associated with special needs?

Special Olympics US Youth Soccer TOPSoccer Miracle League

Which of the following is NOT an element of progression?

Strength

Which of the following is a possible result of hypertension?

Stroke

Explain how the cardiovascular and respiratory systems work together to deliver oxygen to the body.

The cardiovascular system and the respiratory systems work together to deliver oxygen to the body by having the cardiovascular system increasing the volume of blood pumped by the heart and the blood transported will increase the amount of oxygen transported. The respiratory system delivers oxygen to the blood pumped and removes carbon dioxide from the blood and expels air from the body.

Describe the factors that influence the level of cardiorespiratory fitness a person is able to achieve.

The factors that influence cardiorespiratory fitness are age, gender, genetics, body composition, and a person's level of conditioning.

List another name for the larynx and the importance it plays in the human body.

The larynx is also called the voice box. While its main function is to allow a person to speak, it also protects the trachea.

Explain how smoking damages the respiratory system and name two conditions that can develop when a person smokes.

The lungs need to remain elastic so they can effectively move oxygen into the body and carbon dioxide out of the body. By smoking, you are actually introducing carbon monoxide into the body, which is toxic. Tars and other chemicals will settle on the cilia of the lungs and cannot be removed; which further degrades the functionality of the respiratory system. Two conditions that develop when a person smokes are emphysema and bronchitis.

How can the principle of overload be applied to a sport, such as tennis or basketball?

The principle of overload can be applied to tennis or basketball by performing particular movements more frequently than normal. This can include taking multiple jumpshots of a similar type, focusing on overhand swings, or ensuring that you sprint down the court instead of walk or jog.

All forms of aerobic activity can promote cardiorespiratory fitness.

True

Arteries carry oxygen-rich blood to capillaries

True

It is possible to improve cardiovascular fitness without increasing respiratory fitness.

True

Once entering the nose, air moves through both the pharynx and larynx.

True

Swimming burns more calories per hour than aerobics and cycling.

True

Numbness on one side of the body is most likely a symptom of __________.

a stroke

Considerations and factors for those with special needs

acceptance, inclusion, adaptation (let them use own equipment), adapt environment, adapting rules

Your friend Amanda suffers from a condition that reduces her blood's ability to carry oxygen. Which of the following is the name of that condition?

anemia

The failure to deliver blood to the heart due to a narrowing of arteries results in __________

coronary heart disease

Nutrients and waste both enter and leave cells through a process called __________.

diffusion

Which of the following is the most common symptom of hypertension

none of the above (shortness of breath, tightness in chest, headaches)

Which of the following is the BEST example of increasing the intensity of a workout?

running one mile faster than normal

Cardio respiratory exercises:

running, plyometrics, swimming, cycling, weight training, basketball

Slow-twitch and fast-twitch muscles and exercises

slow-twitch: aerobic Fast-twitch: anaerobic