Translation and Transcription process

Termination in Translation

elongation continues until a stop codon reaches the ribosome's "A" site. The completed polypeptide is freed and the ribosome splits into its subunits.

Elongation In Translation

once initiation is complete amino acids are added one by one.

initiation of transcription

the first phase of transcription. the attachment of RNA polymerase to the promoter and the start of RNA synthesis

Initiation In Translation

the first step in translation. An mRNA molecule binds to a small ribosomal unit. A special initiator tRNA then binds to the start codon. Then a large ribosomal unit binds the small one creating a functional ribosome.

terminator

this is the sequence that signals the end of the gene

Codon Recognition

1st step in elongation translation.the anticodon of an incoming tRNA molecule carrying the amino acid, pairs with the mRNA codon in the "A" site of the ribosome

peptide bond formation

2nd step in elongation translation. the polypeptide leaves the tRNA in the "P" site and attaches to the amino acid on the tRNA in the "A" site. the ribosome catalyzes bond formation, the chain now has one more amino acid

translocation

3rd step in elongation translation. the "P" site now tRNA now leaves the ribosome and the ribosome moves the remaining tRNA, carrying the growing polypeptide to the "P" site. the mRNA and tRNA move as a unit. this movement brings the "A" site to the next mRNA codon to be translated.

promoter

the "start transcribing" signal, located at the beginning of the gene.

RNA Elongation

the second phase of transcription. the RNA grows longer. As RNA synthesis continues, the RNA peels away from its DNA template allowing the two separated DNA to come back together in the region already transcribed

termination of transcription

the third phase of transcription. the polymerase detaches from the RNA molecule and the gene, allowing the DNA strands to rejoin

Start Codon

where translation is to begin on the mRNA