Trauma Module 3 Quiz

Which of the following premorbid conditions would MOST likely occur in an otherwise healthy adult?

Drug toxicity

Which of the following substances or elements reinforces red blood cells, creating the final step in the formation of a blood clot?

Fibrinogen

Which of the following components represent the perfusion triangle?

Heart, blood, blood vessels

Which of the following occurs during compensated shock?

Increased rate of breathing causes respiratory alkalosis

Which of the following would MOST likely allow you to reach the status of entry-level competence?

Interning with an experienced preceptor

Which of the following assessment findings should increase your index of suspicion for obstructive shock?

JVD

The MOST common cause of cardiogenic shock is:

MI

Cardiac output is dependent upon:

SV and HR

Which of the following depicts a positive orthostatic tilt test?

The patient becomes dizzy upon standing

Which of the following clinical signs would differentiate septic shock from hypovolemic shock?

Warm or hot skin

Parasympathetic nervous system stimulation results in:

a negative dromotropic effect.

A negative attitude about any patient or patient care situation:

almost guarantees that the care you provide will be suboptimal

Infection, hypertensive crisis, and medication noncompliance are differential diagnoses that should be considered when treating a patient who presents with:

altered mental status.

No matter how sure he or she is of the working diagnosis, the thinking paramedic must:

always keep part of the thought process open to other possibilities.

Which of the following is an element of the Fick principle?

an adequate number of RBC

When a patient advises you of his or her chief complaint, you should:

ascertain whether this is a new problem or a worsening of a preexisting condition

When caring for a critically ill patient, three or more sets of vital signs will allow you to:

assess trends and to reassess whether the patient's condition is stabilizing, getting better or getting worse

During multiple-organ dysfunction syndrome, the release of __________, a potent vasodilator, leads to tissue hypoperfusion and may contribute to hypotension.

bradykinin

Which of the following injuries or conditions would cause obstructive shock?

cardiac tamponade

An adult patient presents with a blood pressure of 78/60 mm Hg, a pulse rate of 120 beats/min and irregular, and labored breathing. Further assessment reveals pale, cool, moist skin and diffuse crackles in all lung fields. You should suspect:

cardiogenic shock.

When an adult patient with hemorrhagic shock loses more than 40% of his or her blood volume:

cardiovascular deterioration cannot be reversed by compensatory mechanisms

Tissue perfusion is primarily a function of the:

cardiovascular system.

Intrinsic causes of cardiogenic shock include:

cariomyopathy

A tendency to gather and rely on information that confirms your existing views and avoids or downplays information that does not confirm your preexisting hypothesis or field differential is called a(n) ___________ bias.

confirmation

Which of the following will be of MOST help to the paramedic when formulating a field diagnosis?

considering or rulingout various conditions

Knowledge of anatomy, physiology, and pathophysiology is MOST important during the ________________ stage of critical thinking.

data interpretation

Protocols, or standing orders, specify the paramedic's performance parameters, which:

define what the paramedic can or cannot do without direct medical control.

After gathering information from the patient, scene, and any bystanders, you must next:

determine which information is valid and which may be invalid.

The hormonal effects associated with the fight-or-flight response can affect your performance as a paramedic by:

diminishing your ability to concentrate.

By which of the following mechanisms do patients with septic shock become hypovolemic?

fluid leakage out of the vascular space

Shock in the trauma patient should be considered _____________ until proved otherwise

hemorrhagic

Systemic effects of epinephrine include:

increased afterload

Accumulating acids and other waste products in the blood:

inhibit hemoglobin from binding with and carrying oxygen.

Anaerobic metabolism is the process in which:

insufficient cellular metabolism produces lactic acid

When administering IV fluid boluses to an elderly patient in shock, it is especially important to monitor his or her:

lung sounds.

Uncertainty regarding the specific cause of a patient's problem is called:

medical ambiguity

The main disadvantage of patient care algorithms is that they:

only address classic patient presentations.

Disseminated intravascular coagulation is defined as a(n):

pathological condition in which the proteins that normally control blood clotting become active

Paramedic intuition is BEST described as:

pattern recognition and matching based on past experience.

The capillary "washout" phase occurs when:

postcapillary sphincters relax, releasing accumulated hydrogen, potassium, carbon dioxide, and thrombosed red blood cells.

Premorbid conditions are those that:

precede the onset of a disease

A young woman experiences a sudden nervous system reaction that produces temporary, generalized vasodilation and causes her to faint. This is MOST descriptive of _____________ shock

psychogenic

Clinical indicators of sympathetic nervous system discharge include:

pupillary dilation

Once you determine that your patient is sick, you must next:

quantify how sick he or she is

_______________ occurs after a call is over and commonly is associated with the run review or critique.

reflection on action

During anaerobic metabolism, the precapillary sphincters __________ in response to __________.

rekax, lactic acid buildup

Hypotension during anaphylactic shock is caused primarily by:

relative hypovolemia

When reading the scene, the paramedic must remember that:

scene information becomes unavailable once transport is initiated.

Baroreceptors function by:

sensing decreased blood flow and activating the vasomotor center.

Relative bradycardia during neurogenic shock occurs because:

the sympathetic nervous system is not stimulated to release catecholamines

Which of the following is a disadvantage of using a crystalloid solution when treating a patient with hemorrhagic shock?

they do not have oxygen-carrying capacity

In order to be a competent and effective paramedic, it is MOST important for you to:

think and perform quickly and effectively under pressure.

A patient with severe dehydration is found to be hypotensive during your assessment. The MOST important intervention in this case is:

transport with fluid resuscitation en route

Carbonic acid is formed by the combination of:

water and carbon dioxide

A working diagnosis is MOST accurately defined as:

what you feel is the cause of your patient's problem

Documenting difficulties such as darkness, limited access, and unruly crowds that you encounter while caring for a patient is MOST important because it:

will help justify the patient care decisions you make.

The care plan that you implement based on your working field diagnosis of a patient is almost always defined by:

your EMS system's patient care protocols and standing orders

Which of the following situations is MOST challenging with regard to your critical thinking and decision-making skills?

. A driver who passed out and then struck a tree

What is the mean arterial pressure of a person who has a blood pressure of 140/90 mm Hg?

107 mm Hg

The recommended approach for fluid resuscitation of a patient in shock is ___ mL/kg until ______.q

20. radial pulses become stronger

Which of the following scenarios would MOST likely cause a bias to decision making?

23-year-old male with crushing substernal chest pain and nausea

A trauma patient has lost an estimated 1.5 L of blood through external bleeding and is hypotensive. How much normal saline or lactated Ringer's solution should he receive?

3 to 4.5 L

You have given an 800-mL normal saline bolus to a patient in shock. How much of this fluid will remain in the intravascular space after 20 minutes?

320 mL

The mean arterial pressure must be greater than or equal to ____ mm Hg to ensure that the brain, coronary arteries, and kidneys remained perfused.

60

If the left ventricle fills with 85 mL of blood and ejects 60 mL during a contraction, the ejection fraction is approximately ___%.

70

Which of the following blood pressures is MOST consistent with a pericardial tamponade?

90/70 mm Hg

Which of the following is a normal response of the body to hypoperfusion?

ADH is released by the pituitary gland

Which of the following conditions or situations is the BEST example of a critical life threat that needs immediate care?

Acute presentation of a chronic condition

Which of the following vital signs values are MOST consistent with neurogenic shock?

Blood pressure, 80/60; pulse, 50; respirations, 24

When attempting to resuscitate a patient in cardiac arrest, which of the following questions would you pose if you suspect that the patient is hyperkalemic?

"Does this patient undergo dialysis?"

Which of the following lists, in the correct order, the smallest to largest units of life?

Cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organism