Treatment Modalities for Chronic Neurologic Disorders

Which are surgical treatment options for a patient with Parkinson's disease?

Ablation Transplantation Deep brain stimulation

Which methods improve nutritional therapy in patients with Parkinson's disease?

Allowing extra time for eating Diet containing adequate fiber Providing food which is easily chewed

Which symptom of Alzheimer's would warrant a prescription of olanzapine (Zyprexa)?

Behavioral problems

A patient is prescribed rivastigmine (Exelon) for Alzheimer's disease. Which symptom of Alzheimer's does this medication target?

Decreased memory and cognition

Which medications are commonly used as muscle relaxants for the treatment of multiple sclerosis?

Diazepam (Valium) Tizanidine (Zanaflex) Dantrolene (Dantrium)

Why is the use of chemotherapeutic agents limited in the treatment of brain tumors?

Due to the difficulty of getting drugs to cross the blood-brain barrier The use of chemotherapeutic agents is limited for the treatment of brain tumors because most medications are not able to cross the blood-brain barrier.

Which medication may be used to treat depression in Alzheimer's disease?

Fluvoxamine (Luvox) Fluvoxamine (Luvox) is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor used to treat depression in Alzheimer's patients.

Which condition could require the placement of a ventricular shunt?

Hydrocephalus

Which Parkinson's medications enhance the release or supply of dopaminergics (DA)?

Levodopa (L-dopa) Levodopa (L-dopa) is a dopaminergic medication used for Parkinson's disease. It is a dopamine precursor which is converted to dopamine in the basal ganglia. Pramipexole (Mirapex) Pramipexole (Mirapex) is a dopaminergic medication used for Parkinson's disease. It stimulates the dopamine receptors. Apomorphine (Apokyn) Apomorphine (Apokyn) is a dopaminergic medication used for Parkinson's disease. It stimulates postsynaptic dopamine receptors

Which pharmacologic agents are used to improve neuromuscular transmission temporarily in myasthenia gravis?

Neostigmine (Prostigmin) Pyridostigmine (Mestinon)

Which is the reason why there is an increased risk of urinary tract infections in Alzheimer's patients?

Poor hygiene Catheter usage

Which are goals of the MEDEK (CME) exercise program used in patients with cerebral palsy?

Promote mobility The MEDEK (CME) program is used for infants and younger children with cerebral palsy to increase mobility with their skeletal muscles without the use of devices or machines. Promote strength The MEDEK (CME) program is used for infants and younger children with cerebral palsy to increase strength with their skeletal muscles without the use of devices or machines. Promote independence The MEDEK (CME) program is used for infants and younger children with cerebral palsy to increase independence by working with their skeletal muscles without the use of devices or machines.

Which techniques can be used to aid Alzheimer's patients who have eating and swallowing difficulties?

Providing finger food Providing finger food makes meal times more manageable for patients with Alzheimer's disease Use of easy grip utensils Uses of easy grip utensils makes meal times more manageable and less of a struggle for patients with Alzheimer's disease. Simulating natural sounds Simulated natural sounds provide an Alzheimer's patient a more relaxed atmosphere during meal times

Which are signs or symptoms of a patient whose ventricular shunt for the treatment of hydrocephalus is malfunctioning?

Restlessness A patient must be closely monitored for signs and symptoms of shunt malfunctioning. A symptom of a ventricular shunt malfunctioning is restlessness. Blurred vision A patient must be closely monitored for signs and symptoms of shunt malfunctioning. A symptom of a ventricular shunt malfunctioning is blurred vision. Decreased level of consciousness A patient must be closely monitored for signs and symptoms of shunt malfunctioning. A symptom of a ventricular shunt malfunctioning is a decreased level of consciousness.

Which are surgical treatment options for a patient with multiple sclerosis?

Rhizotomy Cordotomy Neurectomy

Pramipexole (Mirapex) is a medication used for the treatment of Parkinson's disease. Which is the mode of action of pramipexole (Mirapex)?

Stimulates dopamine receptors

Which pharmacologic agents are classified as disease-modifying drugs and used for multiple sclerosis (MS)?

Teriflunomide (Aubagio) Teriflunomide (Aubagio) is an immunomodulator and is classified as a disease-modifying drug used for MS. Dimethyl fumarate (Tecfidera) Dimethyl fumarate (Tecfidera) is an immunosuppressant and is classified as a disease-modifying drug used for MS. Glatiramer acetate (Copaxone) Glatiramer acetate (Copaxone) is an immunomodulator and is classified as a disease-modifying drug used for MS.

Which surgical procedure could be used for the treatment of myasthenia gravis?

Thymectomy Thymectomy, removal of the thymus, may be performed on a patient with myasthenia gravis if hyperplasia or adenoma is present to reduce symptoms.

How is riluzole (Rilutek) used in the treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)?

To help maintain swallowing and ventilation reflexes Riluzole (Rilutek) is a new medication used for the treatment of ALS. It assists in maintaining swallowing and ventilation reflexes by slowing down further damage to neurons.