True or False
Hawii is the oldest island of the the Hawaiian Island chain.
False
In the silicon-oxygen tetrahedron, there are more silicon atoms than oxygen atoms.
False
It is now possible for seismologists to predict an earthquake to within a few weeks, or at most a few months, of its occurence.
False
Lithosphere is the layer of warm rock below the crust and uppermost mantle that readily deforms and flows plastically.
False
The outer most layer of Earthis called mantle.
False
The phrase, "the present is the key to the past", refers to the doctrine of catastrophism
False
The rate of seafloor spreading is, on the average, about one meter per year.
False
The saturated xone below the water table is also known as the zone of aeration.
False
Abundant moisture and warm temperature result in high rates of chemical weathering.
True
All atoms of the same element have the same atomic number.
True
Alluvium refers to stream deposits, mainly sand and gravel.
True
An earthquake is the vibration of Earth produced by the rapid release of ENERGY.
True
Atom is composed of protons, neutrons, and electrons.
True
Cenozoic is the era of recent life.
True
Correlation is a process which involves identifying and matching rocks of similar ages in different areas.
True
Decreased size of rocks through mechanical weathering increases the surface area.
True
Deflation is the lifting and deposition of loose materials by wind
True
Earhtquakes result from the sudden release of elastic strain energy previously stored in rocks surrounding a zone of fault movement.
True
Paleozoic era means ancient life.
True
Plankton includes all organisms that drift with ocean current.
True
Porosity is a measure of the volume of open space in rocks and unconsolidated geological materials such as alluvium and soils.
True
Pycnocline is a rapid change in density with depth in the ocean.
True
Quartz is quite resistant to weathering and is an important component of sands in river beds.
True
Rpid burial and possession of hard parts are necessary conditions for the preservation of plant and animal remains as fossils.
True
S-waves can travel only through solid medium.
True
THe source of heat for most hot springs is hot igneous material beneath the surface.
True
The San Andreas Fault in California is a good example of transform plate boundary.
True
The density of seawater is controlled by temperature and salinity.
True
Wegner's continental drift hypothesis was weakened because a viable mechanism for moving the continents was lacking.
True
When the ratio of radioactive parent to stable isotope is 1:3, we can say that two half-lives have elapsed.
True
Whena beta particle is emitted, the mass number of the isotope remains unchanged.
True
Epicenter is the site of initial rapturing associated with an earthquake.
False
Tsunami is another name for surface wave.
False
Inselberg is bedrock hill in highly eroded desert landscape.
True
Land heats more rapidly than water.
True
Lines that connect places of equal temperature are called isotherms.
True
Lithosphere is the cool. brittle, outer layer of Earth that includes the crust and the uppermost mantle.
True
More solar energy is reflected back to space than is absorbed directly by the atmosphere.
True
Oceans cover slightly less than half of the Earth's surface.
True
The emission of water vapor and other gases from volcanoes is called outgassing.
True
The epicenter of an earthquake is located on Earth's surface directly above the focus.
True
The epicenter of an earthquake is on the surface of the earth directly above the focus.
True
The form of oxygen that combines three atoms of oxygen into each molecule is called ozone.
True
The formation of the solar system from a huge cloud of gases and dispersed particles is known as the nebular hypothesis.
True
The percentage of radioactive atoms that decay during one-half life is always the same.
True
The phrase "the present is the key to the past", refers to the doctrine of uniformitarianism
True
The principal source of atmospheric heat is is terrestrial radiation.
True
Thermocline in the ocean is best developed at lower altitudes.
True
Tiny solid and liquid particles suspended in the atmosphere are collectively called aerosols.
True
Travel-time graphs are used to determine the distance to earthquake locations.
True
A mineral is a naturally occuring solid material which could be either organic or inorganic origin.
False
A molecule of ozone contains two atoms of oxygen and one atom of nitrogen.
False
After two half-lives there is no longer any of the original radioactive material remaining.
False
Aroms having equal number of protons and electrons are called ions.
False
Basalt is more resisitant to weathering than granite.
False
Biomass refers to the mass of all plants but not of animals.
False
Climate is a word used to denote the state of the atmosphere at a particular place over a short period of time.
False
Continental crust is generally thinner than oceanic crust.
False
Deep soils develop on steep soils.
False
Discharge is the total quantity of sediment carried by a river.
False
Earth's atmosphere ends quite abruptly at altitude of 40km.
False
Earth's radius and surface area slowly increses to accomodate the new oceanic crust being formed at mid-ocean ridge.
False
Erosion is the sudden down-slope movement of earth amterials.
False
Loess is wind deposited sand
False
Nebulae was composed mostly of oxygen and helium
False
One river cannot be the base level for another.
False
Oxygen is the most abundant gas in the atmosphere.
False
Ozone is concentrated in the mesosphere.
False
P-waves can travel through solids, but not through liquids and gases.
False
Planktons are organisms that swim freely in the ocean.
False
Productivity in the oceans is highest in the tropical regions.
False
Radimetric dating means placing events in their proper sequence.
False
Rifting and normal faulting are characteristic of a convergent plate boundary.
False
S-waves can travel through solid and liquid media.
False
Salinity refers to all of the solid materials in seawater, both dissolved and visible.
False
Snow covered surfaces have a low albedo.
False
The adjustment that follow a major earthquake often generate small earthquake called fore-shocks.
False
The asthensphere is a relatively cool and rigid shell that overlies the lithosphere
False
The current accepted age of the Earth is approximately 4.5 million years.
False
The discharge of a river usually decreases downstream.
False
The higher the temperature of a radiating body, the longer the wavelength of maximum radiation.
False
The inner core behaves like a liquid.
False
The mesozoic is the era of recent life.
False
The movement of Earth in its orbit around the Sun is referred to as rotation.
False
The normal environmental lapse rate is 3.50C.
False
The state of the atmosphere at any given time and place defines the term climate.
False
The transfer of heat by the movement of mass of substance from one place to another is termed radiation.
False
Thermocline refers to the change in the salinity with depth in the ocean.
False
Water cools more rapidly than land.
False
Weather and climate are synonymous terms.
False
Weathering in desert areas is equally effective as in humid regions.
False
When alpha particles are emitted, the mass number of the isotope remains unchanged.
False
When examining a typical seismic record, we expect to find surface waves arriving before body waves.
False
Zone of wastage of glacier is the area where there is melting of snow at all
False
A V-shaped valley and no floodplain indicates a youthful, down cutting stream.
True
A lke is one example of temporary or local base level.
True
A mineral can be composed entirely of one element.
True
A stream divide is the boundary line separating adjacent stream drainage basins.
True
Earth's two principal motions are rotation and revolution.
True
Electrically neutral atoms have equal number of electrons and protons.
True
Elements are the building blocks of minerals.
True
Feeding stages in the food chain are known as trophic levels.
True
Generally, rocks of the continental crust are less dense than rocks of the oceanic crust.
True
Glassy igneous rocks form when magma cools too fast for mineral grains to grow.
True
Gradient of a stream usually decreases downstream in a major river system.
True
Halite (sodium chloride) is the most abundant salt found in seawater.
True
In an open system, both energy and matter flow into and out of the system.
True
One environmental problem assosciated with groundwater is land subsidence caused by withdrawal.
True
Stratified drift is glacial till deposited by melt water
True
Stream discharge is defined as the quantity of water flowing past a specific channel location.
True
The geologic time scale was devised before numerical dating using radioactivity was invented.
True
The inner core behaves like a solid.
True
The lowest base level for most streams is sea level.
True
The most abundant gas in the atmosphere is nitrogen.
True
The movement of Earth in its orbit around the Sun is referred to as revolution.
True
The oldest rocks on the seafloor are much younger than the oldest rocks on the continents.
True
The term paleozoic describes the era of ancient life forms.
True
The upper part of the ocean into which sunlight penetrates is called the photic zone.
True
The velocity of a river usually increases downstream.
True
The water table separates the zone of aeration and zone of saturation.
True
Zone of accumulation of glacier is area where glacier forms
True