FME: Anatomy Final
Long bones
Tubular bones Ex. Humerus
Neuromuscular junction
Cause muscle contraction
Hyaline cartilage found in...
***MC cartilage - Fetal skeletal cartilage - Epiphyseal growth plates - Articular surface of synovial joints - Costal cartilages - Nasal cartilage - Laryngeal cartilage - Tracheal cartilage rings - Bronchial cartilage plates
Functions of Integumentary System
- Body temperature and water loss - Barrier to external environmental factors (e.g., microorganisms) - Synthesize vitamin D - Absorb ultraviolet (UV) irradiation - Convey sensory information - Play a role in antigen presentation - Secrete sweat and sebum
Skeleton is composed of...
- Bone - Cartilage
Types of lamellar bone
- Compact - Spongy
Woven bone
- Comprises bone during embryonic development, bone remodeling, and bone repair - Immature bone
Elastic cartilage found in...
- External ear - External auditory tube - Epiglottis - Larynx
Epidermis components
- Hair - Nerve endings - Sweat glands
Thick skin lacks...
- Hair follicles - Sebaceous glands
Fibrocartilage found in...
- Intervertebral disks - Symphysis pubis - Temporomandibular joints - Sternoclavicular joints - Menisci of knee joint - Insertion of tendons
Types of fractures
- Open - Closed
Skeletal muscle organization
- Skeletal muscle - Fascicles - Skeletal muscle cells - Myofribrils - Myofilaments
Axial skeleton includes...
- Skull - Hyoid bones - Ribs - Sternum - Vertebrae - Sacrum
Epidermal derivatives (4)
- Sweat - Sebaceous glands - Hair follicles - Nails
Thick skin has...
- Thick epidermis - Sweat glands
Thin skin has...
- Thin epidermis - Hair follicles - Sweat glands
3 types of skeletal muscle cells
- Type I (red) - Type IIa (intermediate) - Type IIb (white)
Appendicular skeleton includes...
- Upper and lower limbs - Shoulder girdle - Pelvic girdle
Integumentary system consists of...
1) Skin 2 Epidermal derivatives
Muscle Spindle function
1) Stretch 2) Speed of stretch
High endurance athletes
Athletes with high percentage of type I skeletal muscle cells
Low endurance athletes
Athletes with high percentage of type II b skeletal muscle cells
Sesamoid bones
Bones that form in certain tendons Ex. Patella
Irregular bones
Bones that have various shapes Ex. Bones of the face
Flat bones
Bones that serve as protection Ex. Cranial bones
Compact bone
Consists of predominately osteons
Spongy bone
Consists predominately of a meshwork of internal struts called trabeculae
Short bones
Cuboidal bones Ex. Bones of wrist and ankle
Frontal (coronal) plane
Divides body into equal or unequal anterior and posterior parts
Transverse plane
Divides body into equal or unequal superior and inferior parts (cross sections)
Median plane
Divides body into equal right and left parts
Sagittal plane
Divides body into unequal right and left parts
Closed fractures
Fractures in which skin is intact
Open fractures
Fractures in which skin is perforated
Type IIa skeletal muscle cells
Have characteristics of type I and IIb muscle cells
Lamellar bone
Mature bone
Midsagittal plane
Median plane
Skeletal muscle cell
Multinucleated cells with thin, flat nuclei located at the periphery of the cell
Thick skin is only found on...
Palms of hands and soles of feet