FME: Anatomy Final

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Long bones

Tubular bones Ex. Humerus

Neuromuscular junction

Cause muscle contraction

Hyaline cartilage found in...

***MC cartilage - Fetal skeletal cartilage - Epiphyseal growth plates - Articular surface of synovial joints - Costal cartilages - Nasal cartilage - Laryngeal cartilage - Tracheal cartilage rings - Bronchial cartilage plates

Functions of Integumentary System

- Body temperature and water loss - Barrier to external environmental factors (e.g., microorganisms) - Synthesize vitamin D - Absorb ultraviolet (UV) irradiation - Convey sensory information - Play a role in antigen presentation - Secrete sweat and sebum

Skeleton is composed of...

- Bone - Cartilage

Types of lamellar bone

- Compact - Spongy

Woven bone

- Comprises bone during embryonic development, bone remodeling, and bone repair - Immature bone

Elastic cartilage found in...

- External ear - External auditory tube - Epiglottis - Larynx

Epidermis components

- Hair - Nerve endings - Sweat glands

Thick skin lacks...

- Hair follicles - Sebaceous glands

Fibrocartilage found in...

- Intervertebral disks - Symphysis pubis - Temporomandibular joints - Sternoclavicular joints - Menisci of knee joint - Insertion of tendons

Types of fractures

- Open - Closed

Skeletal muscle organization

- Skeletal muscle - Fascicles - Skeletal muscle cells - Myofribrils - Myofilaments

Axial skeleton includes...

- Skull - Hyoid bones - Ribs - Sternum - Vertebrae - Sacrum

Epidermal derivatives (4)

- Sweat - Sebaceous glands - Hair follicles - Nails

Thick skin has...

- Thick epidermis - Sweat glands

Thin skin has...

- Thin epidermis - Hair follicles - Sweat glands

3 types of skeletal muscle cells

- Type I (red) - Type IIa (intermediate) - Type IIb (white)

Appendicular skeleton includes...

- Upper and lower limbs - Shoulder girdle - Pelvic girdle

Integumentary system consists of...

1) Skin 2 Epidermal derivatives

Muscle Spindle function

1) Stretch 2) Speed of stretch

High endurance athletes

Athletes with high percentage of type I skeletal muscle cells

Low endurance athletes

Athletes with high percentage of type II b skeletal muscle cells

Sesamoid bones

Bones that form in certain tendons Ex. Patella

Irregular bones

Bones that have various shapes Ex. Bones of the face

Flat bones

Bones that serve as protection Ex. Cranial bones

Compact bone

Consists of predominately osteons

Spongy bone

Consists predominately of a meshwork of internal struts called trabeculae

Short bones

Cuboidal bones Ex. Bones of wrist and ankle

Frontal (coronal) plane

Divides body into equal or unequal anterior and posterior parts

Transverse plane

Divides body into equal or unequal superior and inferior parts (cross sections)

Median plane

Divides body into equal right and left parts

Sagittal plane

Divides body into unequal right and left parts

Closed fractures

Fractures in which skin is intact

Open fractures

Fractures in which skin is perforated

Type IIa skeletal muscle cells

Have characteristics of type I and IIb muscle cells

Lamellar bone

Mature bone

Midsagittal plane

Median plane

Skeletal muscle cell

Multinucleated cells with thin, flat nuclei located at the periphery of the cell

Thick skin is only found on...

Palms of hands and soles of feet


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