TTU NS 1325 chapter 11 Homework

common ways for pathogens to enter food

- infrequently washing hands during food prep - flies landing on food that is consumed - not cooking foods to the proper temperature

For a typical, healthy lactating mother

- milk production will cease if the milk is not removed from the breast - increased suckling leads to increased milk supply

statements that are true about snacking

- nutrient dense snacks can fit into a child's overall diet - children have small stomachs and are likely to become hungry between meals - snacks can be part of a healthy overall diet.

when preparing fresh produce you should:

- scrub the peel with a vegetable brush - wash the foods under running water

cow"s milk is not a good choice to feed infants because:

- too high in minerals and protein - does not contain enough carbohydrate

the process of milk production in the lactating mother

1. a baby's sucking signals the pituitary gland in the mothers brain 2. prolactin and oxytocin are released by the pituitary gland 3. prolactin simulates milk producing cells to make milk 4. oxytocin triggers the breast tissue to let down the milk

the trimester matched with the appropriate energy needs for the trimester

1st : EER + 0 2nd : EER + 340 3rd : EER + 452

most women experience morning sickness during the

1st trimester

time period matched to its description

1st trimester = a critical period when nutrient deficiencies and exposure to alcohol can have devastating effects on the embryo/fetus first 8 weeks = fertilized egg divides rapidly to form organs 8 weeks and beyond = fetus

the prenatal period is divided into __ trimesters

3

A baby born prior to the _________ week of pregnancy is considered premature

37

when are babies physically mature enough to consume solid foods?

4-6 months

human milk is sufficient to meet all the nutrient needs of the infant for the first ________ months of life

6

most women who breastfeed their newborns stop feeding within ______ months

6

high birth-weight babies weigh more than ______ pounds

8.8

the use of living things such as plants animals and microbes to manufacture new products is known as

Biotechnology

which nutrients are expectant mothers more likely to become deficient in?

Calcium Iron

the name of the 1st fluid produced by the new mothers breasts is

Colostrum

Expectant mothers need to double their intake by the third trimester because they are eating for two

False

Itchy, swollen, or reddened skin; vomiting and diarrhea; and breathing difficulties are signs and symptoms of a food ___.

allergies

food-borne pathogen matched with discription

bacteria = single cell microorganisms virus = microscopic agents that can cause infections/ disease Fungi = simple microbes that live on dead or decaying organic matter. Protists = generally single-cell organisms that can have the characteristics of animals, plants, or fungi. Worms = multicellular organisms that my be harmful to health

the _________ __________ is the temperature in which pathogens usually grow well.

danger zone

what are the symptoms most commonly associated with bacterial food- borne illnesses

diarrhea vomiting

an infants birth weight ______ within the first 4 to 6 months and _____________ by the 1st b-day

doubles, triples

which factors may lead to weight loss in older adults?

eat less because they have lost the ability to taste, smell, and/or chew food. People who lack normal cognitive functioning (thought processes) may be unable to make decisions regarding planning nutritious meals, as well as to shop for and prepare food. Chronic health problems such as arthritis and osteoporosis can interfere with mobility and flexibility, and can also interfere with food shopping and preparation activities.

what is the name of an involuntary response that occurs when a solid or semi solid object is placed in an infants mouth?

extrusion reflex

maternal components of weight gain matched to the number of pounds

fetus = 6-8 placenta = 1.5 amniotic fluid = 2.0 maternal tissue and fluids = 18

families that are uncertain about whether or not they will have enough food to eat are considered to have

food insecurity

examples of contributing factors to excess body fat

having a family history of excess body fat, high birth weight, and obese family members.

lactating mothers should increase consumption of :

hydrating fluids

gestational hypertension is characterized by:

hypertension edema protein in the urine

obese children are at a greater risk for developing what later in life?

hypertension heart disease type 2 diabetes

partial cooking of meats at home prior to grilling at a picnic site __________ risk of food borne illness

increases

the process of managing pests while limiting damage to the environment is known as

integrated pest management

what are common nutrition related problems that affect preschool children

iron deficiency, poor calcium intake, and obesity.

characteristic of food borne illness :

it is a sickness caused by the ingestion of food containing harmful substances

when reheating gravy, it should be brought to a rolling boil to

kill bacteria

protein- energy malnutrition characterized by cessation of breastfeeding without the replacement of a high quality protein in the diet is known as ____________

kwashiorkor

ex. of good food sources to increase iron intake in children

lean meat and enriched breads and cereals.

infants weighing less than 5.5 are considered to be

low-birth weight

nutrition services for older adults can be located at

medical clinics private practitioners hospitals health maintenance organizations in your area

the first trimester is when the fetus is _______ to complications during pregnancy

most susceptible

Prolactin stimulates cells in the breast to make some nutrients and remove others from the ________ and adding them to her milk

mother's bloodstream

these can influence an older person's nutritional status

nutritional status medications lack of social support low income.

which factors increase the risk of having a high- birth - weight baby?

obese mother poorly controlled gestational diabetes

some strategies used to prevent food borne illness when purchasing produce

observe "best by" dates printed on food packaging purchase only the amount of produce needed for a weeks time store whole eggs in their carton

the potential harmful effects of a _________ in a food depends on the particular chemicals toxicity, the amount eaten and how often, and an individuals life stage

pesticide

During pregnancy, the expectant mother nourishes her fetus through the _________

placenta

choose an example of how the world food program and UNICEP (part of the united nations) provide food to populations suffering from protein- energy malnutrition

plumpy'nut an energy and nutrient dense paste made from a mixture of peanuts, powdered milk, oil, sugar, vitamins, and minerals

providing well paying jobs improving public education, and increasing access to health care are long term strategies to control ___________

population growth

PEM affects people whose diets lack sufficient amounts of :

protein as well as energy

the stage of adolescence when a person reaches physical maturity and is capable of reproduction is known as

puberty

if a child tolerates rice cereal, what new food should be introduced?

pureed green beans

weaning is defined as :

shifting infants from bottle or breast feeding to drinking from a cup and eating solid foods

what are some examples of cravings commonly experienced with pica?

soil (clay) laundry starch chalk

why is folate important during pregnancy

support cell division

farming methods that meet the demand for more food without depleting natural resources and harming the environment is know as

sustainable agriculture

the period during adolescence characterized by dramatic height and weight increases is referred to as :

the adolescent growth spurt

nonemergency reporting of food borne illness contracted at a restaurant should be reported to

the staff of your local health department or FDA office

the function of the placenta is :

to transfer nutrients and wastes between the mother and the fetus

good practices for thawing meat are

under running water in a microwave in a refrigerator

_________ occurs when long-term energy and nutrient intakes are insufficient to meet an individuals needs

undernutrition

appropriate weight gain for mothers during the pregnancy matched with their weight situation before the pregnancy

underweight = 28-40 healthy weight = 25-35 overweight = 15-25 obese = 11-20

pesticides are used to control or kill these:

unwanted insects, weeds, rodents, fungi, or other organisms.