TTU NS 1325 chapter 11 Homework
common ways for pathogens to enter food
- infrequently washing hands during food prep - flies landing on food that is consumed - not cooking foods to the proper temperature
For a typical, healthy lactating mother
- milk production will cease if the milk is not removed from the breast - increased suckling leads to increased milk supply
statements that are true about snacking
- nutrient dense snacks can fit into a child's overall diet - children have small stomachs and are likely to become hungry between meals - snacks can be part of a healthy overall diet.
when preparing fresh produce you should:
- scrub the peel with a vegetable brush - wash the foods under running water
cow"s milk is not a good choice to feed infants because:
- too high in minerals and protein - does not contain enough carbohydrate
the process of milk production in the lactating mother
1. a baby's sucking signals the pituitary gland in the mothers brain 2. prolactin and oxytocin are released by the pituitary gland 3. prolactin simulates milk producing cells to make milk 4. oxytocin triggers the breast tissue to let down the milk
the trimester matched with the appropriate energy needs for the trimester
1st : EER + 0 2nd : EER + 340 3rd : EER + 452
most women experience morning sickness during the
1st trimester
time period matched to its description
1st trimester = a critical period when nutrient deficiencies and exposure to alcohol can have devastating effects on the embryo/fetus first 8 weeks = fertilized egg divides rapidly to form organs 8 weeks and beyond = fetus
the prenatal period is divided into __ trimesters
3
A baby born prior to the _________ week of pregnancy is considered premature
37
when are babies physically mature enough to consume solid foods?
4-6 months
human milk is sufficient to meet all the nutrient needs of the infant for the first ________ months of life
6
most women who breastfeed their newborns stop feeding within ______ months
6
high birth-weight babies weigh more than ______ pounds
8.8
the use of living things such as plants animals and microbes to manufacture new products is known as
Biotechnology
which nutrients are expectant mothers more likely to become deficient in?
Calcium Iron
the name of the 1st fluid produced by the new mothers breasts is
Colostrum
Expectant mothers need to double their intake by the third trimester because they are eating for two
False
Itchy, swollen, or reddened skin; vomiting and diarrhea; and breathing difficulties are signs and symptoms of a food ___.
allergies
food-borne pathogen matched with discription
bacteria = single cell microorganisms virus = microscopic agents that can cause infections/ disease Fungi = simple microbes that live on dead or decaying organic matter. Protists = generally single-cell organisms that can have the characteristics of animals, plants, or fungi. Worms = multicellular organisms that my be harmful to health
the _________ __________ is the temperature in which pathogens usually grow well.
danger zone
what are the symptoms most commonly associated with bacterial food- borne illnesses
diarrhea vomiting
an infants birth weight ______ within the first 4 to 6 months and _____________ by the 1st b-day
doubles, triples
which factors may lead to weight loss in older adults?
eat less because they have lost the ability to taste, smell, and/or chew food. People who lack normal cognitive functioning (thought processes) may be unable to make decisions regarding planning nutritious meals, as well as to shop for and prepare food. Chronic health problems such as arthritis and osteoporosis can interfere with mobility and flexibility, and can also interfere with food shopping and preparation activities.
what is the name of an involuntary response that occurs when a solid or semi solid object is placed in an infants mouth?
extrusion reflex
maternal components of weight gain matched to the number of pounds
fetus = 6-8 placenta = 1.5 amniotic fluid = 2.0 maternal tissue and fluids = 18
families that are uncertain about whether or not they will have enough food to eat are considered to have
food insecurity
examples of contributing factors to excess body fat
having a family history of excess body fat, high birth weight, and obese family members.
lactating mothers should increase consumption of :
hydrating fluids
gestational hypertension is characterized by:
hypertension edema protein in the urine
obese children are at a greater risk for developing what later in life?
hypertension heart disease type 2 diabetes
partial cooking of meats at home prior to grilling at a picnic site __________ risk of food borne illness
increases
the process of managing pests while limiting damage to the environment is known as
integrated pest management
what are common nutrition related problems that affect preschool children
iron deficiency, poor calcium intake, and obesity.
characteristic of food borne illness :
it is a sickness caused by the ingestion of food containing harmful substances
when reheating gravy, it should be brought to a rolling boil to
kill bacteria
protein- energy malnutrition characterized by cessation of breastfeeding without the replacement of a high quality protein in the diet is known as ____________
kwashiorkor
ex. of good food sources to increase iron intake in children
lean meat and enriched breads and cereals.
infants weighing less than 5.5 are considered to be
low-birth weight
nutrition services for older adults can be located at
medical clinics private practitioners hospitals health maintenance organizations in your area
the first trimester is when the fetus is _______ to complications during pregnancy
most susceptible
Prolactin stimulates cells in the breast to make some nutrients and remove others from the ________ and adding them to her milk
mother's bloodstream
these can influence an older person's nutritional status
nutritional status medications lack of social support low income.
which factors increase the risk of having a high- birth - weight baby?
obese mother poorly controlled gestational diabetes
some strategies used to prevent food borne illness when purchasing produce
observe "best by" dates printed on food packaging purchase only the amount of produce needed for a weeks time store whole eggs in their carton
the potential harmful effects of a _________ in a food depends on the particular chemicals toxicity, the amount eaten and how often, and an individuals life stage
pesticide
During pregnancy, the expectant mother nourishes her fetus through the _________
placenta
choose an example of how the world food program and UNICEP (part of the united nations) provide food to populations suffering from protein- energy malnutrition
plumpy'nut an energy and nutrient dense paste made from a mixture of peanuts, powdered milk, oil, sugar, vitamins, and minerals
providing well paying jobs improving public education, and increasing access to health care are long term strategies to control ___________
population growth
PEM affects people whose diets lack sufficient amounts of :
protein as well as energy
the stage of adolescence when a person reaches physical maturity and is capable of reproduction is known as
puberty
if a child tolerates rice cereal, what new food should be introduced?
pureed green beans
weaning is defined as :
shifting infants from bottle or breast feeding to drinking from a cup and eating solid foods
what are some examples of cravings commonly experienced with pica?
soil (clay) laundry starch chalk
why is folate important during pregnancy
support cell division
farming methods that meet the demand for more food without depleting natural resources and harming the environment is know as
sustainable agriculture
the period during adolescence characterized by dramatic height and weight increases is referred to as :
the adolescent growth spurt
nonemergency reporting of food borne illness contracted at a restaurant should be reported to
the staff of your local health department or FDA office
the function of the placenta is :
to transfer nutrients and wastes between the mother and the fetus
good practices for thawing meat are
under running water in a microwave in a refrigerator
_________ occurs when long-term energy and nutrient intakes are insufficient to meet an individuals needs
undernutrition
appropriate weight gain for mothers during the pregnancy matched with their weight situation before the pregnancy
underweight = 28-40 healthy weight = 25-35 overweight = 15-25 obese = 11-20
pesticides are used to control or kill these:
unwanted insects, weeds, rodents, fungi, or other organisms.
