U-world Gen-Chem: Bonding Chemistry #3

Which compound has the bond with the smallest dipole moment?

H2Te

Which of the following molecular geometries could describe a compound with a central atom that is dsp3 hybridized?

Trigonal bipyramidal ** compounds with a dsp3 hybridized central atom have five electron-dense areas

When oxalate anions, C2O42−, are added to a solution of [Fe(H2O)6]3+, the formation of [Fe(C2O4)3]3− occurs in a series of steps that together result in the following overall reaction: [Fe(H2O)6]3+(aq) + 3 C2O42−(aq) → [Fe(C2O4)3]3−(aq) + 6 H2O(l) During the first step of the reaction, two new coordinate bonds are formed to produce an intermediate ion of:

[Fe(H2O)4(C2O4)]+(aq).

metal and nonmetal

ionic bond

What is the hybridization of the numbered atoms in the tastant molecule L-AP4 shown?

sp^3, sp^3, sp^3, sp^2 **Only counts sigma bonds and lone pairs.

5 chemical reactions

synthesis/combination, decomposition, single replacement, double replacement, combustion

Resonance Rules

-Atoms never move, only electrons. -All resonance structures must have the same total number of valence electrons. -The octet rule must be obeyed for first- and second-row elements. -Only electrons in pi bonds or lone pairs can move, not electrons in sigma bonds. -Shifting of electrons should generally only be to adjacent atoms when going from one resonance structure to another. -The overall charge of the molecule must not change; however, the formal charge of the constituent atoms can change.

What are the correct formal charges for nitrogen atoms I, II, and III, respectively, in the azide below?

0, +1, −1 **Formal charge = (group valence) − (nonbonding electrons) − #of bonds

The electrolysis of aqueous silver nitrate involves two separate half-reactions that occur at the anode (Reaction 1) and the cathode (Reaction 2). 2H2O(l) → O2(g) + 4H+(aq) + 4e− Reaction 1 Ag+(aq) + e− → Ag(s) Reaction 2 Which of the following net reactions occurs during the electrolysis?

2H2O(l) + 4Ag+(aq) → O2(g) + 4Ag(s) + 4H+(aq) **The net reaction resulting from Reactions 1 and 2 can be found by adding these half-reactions together.

Ozone (O3) in the atmosphere protects against harmful UV radiation. Its formation proceeds in two steps and is initiated when molecular oxygen (O2) splits into two oxygen atoms upon absorption of UV light. Which of the following would be the second step if ozone formation goes to completion?

2O + 2O2 → 2O3 **The law of conservation of mass says that in a chemical reaction, atoms are neither created nor destroyed: they can only be rearranged

Looking above reaction, Which of the following does NOT explain why C2O42− displaces H2O in the formation of [Fe(C2O4)3]3− ?

C2O42− has fewer available lone pairs of electrons per oxygen atom than H2O. **Stronger Lewis bases can displace weaker Lewis bases as ligands within a complex. Stronger Lewis bases tend to be those that have lone pair electrons on atoms with a net charge and/or a lower electronegativity

The bonds of four salts (MgBr2, NaCl, MgCl2, and NaBr) are evaluated for ionic character based on electronegativity differences between atoms. What is the expected order of these four salts if listed according to bond character from the least ionic character to the greatest ionic character?

MgBr2 < MgCl2 < NaBr < NaCl

What are the shapes of the groups bonded to the central atoms 1, 2, and 3, respectively in the tastant molecule L-AP4 shown?

Tetrahedral, trigonal pyramidal, trigonal planar

If MgCO3 undergoes a double replacement reaction in 6 M HCl, and one of the resulting products then undergoes a decomposition reaction, the gas that evolves is:

carbon dioxide