UGBA 105 Chapter 7

Lamar was happy with his position within the organization. One day at lunch he overheard a couple of colleagues talking about some new programs that would create an employee of the week and of the​ month, and each month that employee would get to go to lunch with the boss. Lamar and his family were just making ends​ meet, and with another baby on the way this salary was important to both him and his family. He really​ couldn't care less about the lunch with the boss. Based on this​ information, what step of​ Maslow's hierarchy is Lamar likely to be​ on? A. Physiological B. Self-actualization C. Social D. Esteem E. Safety

A. Physiological

​________________focuses on the belief that one is capable of accomplishing the task while​ ____________focuses on learning through both observation and direct experience. A. Self-efficacy theory; social learning theory B. Social learning​ theory; reinforcement theory C. Operant​ conditioning; expectancy theory D. Goal setting​ theory; reinforcement theory E. Operant​ conditioning; self-efficacy

A. Self-efficacy theory; social learning theory

Amalia really wanted that new position at work and knew that in order to get it she would have to increase her skill set and shadow a fellow​ worker, Stan, to learn some new processes.​ However, every time Amalia decided that she had a few minutes to shadow Stan she would get caught up in something else and the opportunity would pass.​ Amalia's failure to shadow Stan so far speaks to her​ _______________. A. direction B. persistence C. process fixation D. intensity E. good work habits

A. direction

The theories of​ Maslow, McClelland, and Herzberg all focus on​ _____________. A. needs B. setting goals C. situational evaluation D. reinforcement E. equity

A. needs

Lucinda was new to her position and looking for ways to motivate her team. One of the issues that she had noticed with her team was that they​ didn't seem convinced that they could actually accomplish the new goals that had been set. To help resolve this​ problem, Lucinda began providing additional feedback and setting achievable goals that helped convince the team they really could accomplish the new goals. This is an example of​ __________ A. self-efficacy theory B. equity theory C. reinforcement theory D. expectancy theory E. needs theory

A. self-efficacy theory

Under social learning​ theory, what four processes influence a​ model's impact on individual​ behavior? A. Motor​ reproduction, reinforcement,​ activity, and assessment B. Attentional, retention, motor​ reproduction, and reinforcement C. Attentional, conceptualization,​ reinforcement, and feedback D. Reinforcement, repetition,​ relay, and recognition E. Retention, detention,​ attention, and reinforcement

B. Attentional, retention, motor​ reproduction, and reinforcement

Solomon feels it is important to protect the environment. He works for a​ non-profit environmental advocacy agency. Which of the following is most likely true of​ him? A. He has an advanced degree. B. He receives low pay. C. He has high job engagement. D. He is poorly educated. E. He has low job engagement.

C. He has high job engagement.

Sarah gives a speech to inspire her staff to reach a deadline by the end of the work day. Which of the following behaviors is she​ demonstrating? A. Submissive B. Engaged C. Leadership D. Social E. Critical

C. Leadership

Relying on an extensive amount of​ research, we can predict some relationships between achievement need and job performance. Which of the following is most closely related to managerial​ success? A. High need for achievement​ (nAch). B. A high need to achieve. C. Needs for affiliation and power. D. A high degree of personal responsibility and feedback and an intermediate degree of risk. E. Willingness to accept a high degree of risk.

C. Needs for affiliation and power.

Which of the following best describes the difference between​ self-determination and​ self-efficacy? A. Self-determination refers to how consistent a​ person's goals are with his or her values.​ Self-efficacy refers to a​ person's comparison of his or her job output with that of others. B. Self-determination refers to a​ person's belief in his or her ability to perform a​ task; self-efficacy refers to a​ person's desire to feel that he or she has control over his or her actions. C. Self-determination refers to a​ person's desire to feel that he or she has control over his or her​ actions; self-efficacy refers to a​ person's belief in his or her ability to perform a task. D. Self-determination refers to a​ person's comparison of his or her job output with that of​ others; self-efficacy refers to a​ person's desire to feel that he or she has control over his or her actions. E. Self-determination refers to a​ person's comparison of his or her job output with that of​ others; self-efficacy refers to how consistent a​ person's goals are with his or her values.

C. Self-determination refers to a​ person's desire to feel that he or she has control over his or her​ actions; self-efficacy refers to a​ person's belief in his or her ability to perform a task.

Making people more confident by convincing them they have the necessary skills to achieve a goal is known as which of the​ following? A. Vicarious modeling B. Enactive mastery C. Verbal persuasion D. Arousal E. Instinctive selection

C. Verbal persuasion

You have one beanbag and five targets set up in front of​ you, each farther away than the last. Target A sits almost within​ arm's reach. If you hit​ it, you get​ $2. Target B is a bit farther​ out, but about 80 percent of the people who try can hit it. It pays​ $4. Target C pays​ $8, and about half the people who try can hit it. Very few people can hit Target​ D, but the payoff is​ $16 for those who do.​ Finally, Target E pays​ $32, but​ it's almost impossible to achieve. Which would you try​ for? According to​ McClelland's Theory of​ Needs, if you selected​ C, you're likely to​ ________. A. be a motivational influencer B. have a high need for power C. have a high need for achievement D. be a disenfranchised worker E. have a high need for affiliation

C. have a high need for achievement

When engaging in a team activity at​ work, Sean was very encouraging and cheered on the members of his division as they worked together to accomplish the team goals. Sean is likely exhibiting a​ _________________. A. low need for power B. low need for affiliation C. high need for affiliation D. high need for achievement E. low need for achievement

C. high need for affiliation

Paul gets up every day excited to get into work. As an IT​ consultant, Paul feels that each day is a new challenge which allows him to develop creative solutions and grow both personally and professionally. Paul often works long hours because the job just​ doesn't seem like work. Paul is the top IT consultant with his firm and gets a tremendous sense of personal satisfaction from solving complex problems. Paul would be an example of someone who has high​ ______________. A. job allocation B. job exchange C. job engagement D. job continuity E. job enrichment

C. job engagement

A significant body of research suggests that clear and challenging goals drive higher performance. Goals may also​ ______. A. reduce anxiety B. hinder employee creativity C. lead to unethical behavior D. lead to more ethical behavior E. keep employees from stretching

C. lead to unethical behavior

Gayle started a new job as a cashier at the local grocery store. In order to train Gayle on her new​ responsibilities, the store manager had Gayle practice each task that needed to be accomplished and then gave immediate feedback on whether the task was done correctly or not. This is an example of​ _______________________. A. goal setting theory B. self-efficacy C. reinforcement theory D. feedforward conditioning E. operant conditioning

C. reinforcement theory

Which of the following factors directly influences individual​ effort? A. Job design B. Evaluation C. Reinforcement D. Opportunity E. Ability

D. Opportunity

Which motivational theory focuses on achieving positive connections with others as well as achieving​ competence? A. Goal-setting theory B. Maslow's hierarchy of needs C. McClelland's needs theory D. Self-determination theory E. Competency based motivation

D. Self-determination theory

Which of the following statements is true in terms of implications of motivational theory for​ managers? A. Most employees do not want to work. B. Employees​ don't always need feedback. C. Some coercion drives higher performance. D. Set clear and difficult goals. E. Equity in pay is not relevant in the long run.

D. Set clear and difficult goals.

Matt was struggling with the new instructions at work and just​ couldn't seem to make sense of the new process for billing. Although​ frustrated, Matt was determined to learn the new system and decided to take the manuals home over the weekend to study them and vowed to keep taking the manuals home until he fully understood the new process.​ Matt's decision is an example of​ ________________. A. direction B. good work habits C. process fixation D. persistence E. intensity

D. persistence

Ainsley is a student at State University working toward a​ bachelor's degree in finance. In order to gain some work experience and increase her​ marketability, she has accepted a summer internship in the finance department at a pharmaceutical company. She is quite pleased with the​ pay; $15 an hour is more than other students in her cohort were receiving for their summer internships. At work she meets​ Josh, a recent graduate of State University working as a middle manager in the same finance department. Josh makes​ $30 an hour. On the​ job, Ainsley could be described as a​ go-getter. She's engaged and​ satisfied, and always seems willing to help others. Josh is quite the opposite. He often seems disinterested in his job and even has thoughts about quitting. When pressed one day about why he is​ unhappy, Josh cites his pay as the main reason.​ Specifically, he tells Ainsley​ that, compared to managers at other pharmaceutical​ companies, he makes much less.​ "It isn't​ fair," he complains.​ "I work just as hard as they​ do, yet I​ don't make as much. Maybe I should go work for the​ competition." How could someone making​ $30 an hour be less satisfied with his pay than someone making​ $15 an hour and be less motivated as a​ result? A. Hygiene theory B. Distributive justice C. McClelland's theory of needs D. Self-actualization E. Equity theory

E. Equity theory

John believes that complimenting employees when they perform​ well, rather than reprimanding them for poor​ behaviors, is the best way to manage and draw the best work from his people. Over​ time, a problem​ employee's performance has improved with far less instances of undesirable behavior. Based on this​ description, it is safe to say that John is using​ ________. A. Distributive justice B. Maslow's hierarchy C. Reinforcement theory D. Equity theory E. Operant conditioning theory

E. Operant conditioning theory

Which of the following items is included in the motivators according to​ Herzberg? A. Health insurance B. Quality of supervision C. Salary D. Relationships with others E. Promotion opportunities

E. Promotion opportunities

​"It's strange," said Marcia.​ "I started work at the Humane Society as a volunteer. I put in 15 hours a week helping people adopt pets. And I loved coming to work.​ Then, 3 months​ ago, they hired me​ full-time at​ $11 an hour.​ I'm doing the same work I did before. But​ I'm not finding it nearly as much​ fun." This attitude can be attributed to which of the​ following? A. Cognitive evaluation theory B. Esteem level of​ Maslow's hierarchy C. Self-actualization level of​ Maslow's hierarchy D. Self-concordance E. Self-determination theory

E. Self-determination theory

Steve has been at his job for 10 years and loves it. He knows it​ doesn't pay as much as he might make at another​ organization, but he loves the work​ itself, the people that he works​ with, and his manager. In​ fact, Steve really sees the organization as his extended family. Each month they hold family picnics and many of the employees socialize together. Steve considers his job quite safe and has no plans to look for better employment any time soon. What step of​ Maslow's hierarchy is Steve most likely​ on? A. Self-actualization B. Safety C. Status D. Esteem E. Social

E. Social