Understanding Nutrition Chapter 4 multiple choice

Which of the following is not a simple carboyhydrate? A. Starches B. White Sugar C. Disaccharides D. Monosaccharides

A. Starches

What is the composition of maltose? A. Two fructose units B. One glucose and one fructose unit C. One glucose and one galactose unit D. One galactose and one fructose unit

A. Two glucose units

Which of the following is a byproduct of the conedensation of two molecules of glucose? A. Water B. Oxygen C. Hydrogen D. Carbon dioxide

A. Water

The chemical reaction by which starch is split into monosaccharides is termed A. hydrolysis. B. condensation. C. gluconeogenesis D. homeostatic balancing

A. hydrolysis

Digestion of starches takes place in the small intestines and also in the A. mouth. B. colon. C. stomach D. pancreas.

A. mouth

Which of the following blood glucose concentrations is most consistent with hypoglycemia? A. 40 mg/dL B. 80 mg/dL C. 115 mg/dL D. 150 mg/dL

A.40 mg/dL

According to the current dietary recommendations, what is the maximum percentage of total energy intake that added sugar should contribute in the diet? A. 2 B. 10 C. 15 D. 25

D. 25

What type of nutrient is starch? A. Fiber B. Gluten C. Simple Carbohydrate D. Complex Carbohydrate

D. Complex Carbohydrate

What is the reaction that links two monosaccharides together? A. Hydrolysis B. Absorption C. Disaccharide D. Condensation

D. Condensation

All of the following are symptoms of lactose interance except A. nausea B. diarrhea C. cramping D. constipation

D. Constipation

In which of the following are ample amounts of carbohydrates almost always found? A. Plant Foods B. Health Foods C. Animal Products D. Protein-rich foods

A. Plant Foods

Condensation

A chemical reaction that links two molecules together

Hydrolysis

A chemical reaction that splits a larger molecule into a smaller molecule

Starch

A complex carbohydrate in legumes

Glycogen

A complex carbohydrate in muscle

Sorbitol

A sugar alcohol

Lignin

A water insoluble fiber

Pectin

A water soluble fiber

According to the American Dietetic Association, what is the recommended daily intake of dietary fiber? A. 20-35 g B. 40-50 g C. 55-70 g D. 75-100 g

A. 20-35 g

Which of the following statements describes the glycemic effect of foods? A. A measure of how fast and high the food causes the blood glucose to rise B. The newest, most practical means for planning diets for people with diabetes C. A well-utilized, highly valued mechanism to control the intake of simple sugars D. A measure of the percentage of digestible carbohydrates in relation to total energy content o the food

A. A measure of how fast and high the food causes the blood glucose to rise.

What is stevia? A. An herb-derived sweetnener B. An FDA-approved sugar alcohol C. A poorly digested polysaccharide D. An inhibitor of lactase enzyme activity

A. An herb-derived sweetener

Which of the following plays a major role in the breakdown of certain types of dietary fiber in the large intestines? A. Bacteria B. Pancreas C. Colonic cells D. Small intestinal villus cell

A. Bacteria

What are cellulose, pectin, heimcellulose, and lignin? A. Fibers B. Starches C. Sugar alcohols D. Artificial sweetners

A. Fibers

Which of the following is known as blood sugar or dextrose? A. Glucose B. Maltose C. Sucrose D. Fructose

A. Glucose

Which of the following is known to correlate most strongly with reduced risk of deaths from heart disease? A. high fiber intake B. high sugar intake C. high levulose intake D. high corn syrup intake

A. High fiber intake

What is the principle carbohydrate of milk? A. Lactose B. Sucrose C. Maltose D. Glycogen

A. Lactose

What is the primary organ that converts fructose to glucose following absorption? A. Liver B. Pancreas C. Skeletal muscle D. Small intestine

A. Liver

Which of the following is a feature of diabetes? A. Many people with type 2 diabetes are obese. B. Most people who have diabetes require insulin therapy. C. Diabetes results chiefly from excess dietary intake of simple carbohydrates. D. People with type 1 diabetes fail to respond to the insulin mady the the pancreas.

A. Many people with type 2 diabetes are obese.

Glycogen is stored maily in which of the following tissues? A. Muscle and liver B. Pancreas and kidneys C. Stomach and intestine D. Brain and red blood cells

A. Muscle and liver

What is the minimum daily amount of dieary carbohydrate necessary to spare body protein from excessive breakdown? A. 10-25 g B. 50-100 g C. 150-175 g D. 200-400 g

B. 50-100 g

What is a normal range for blood glucose? A. 60-80 mg/dL B. 70-100 mg/dL C. 120-140 mg/dL D. 140-180 mg/dL

B. 70-110 mg/dL

Which of the followin is not a rich source of dietary starch? A. Grains B. Fruits C. Tubers D. Legumes

B. Fruits

Which of the following is a componet of all three dietary disaccharides? A. Sucrose B. Glucose C. Fructose D. Galactose

B. Glucose

Which of the following sugars ins not found in plants? A Glucose. B. Lactose C. Sucrose D. Fructose

B. Lactose

What is the first organ to receive carbohydrates absorbed from the intestine? A. Heart B. Liver C. Pancreas D. Skeletal muscle

B. Liver

What is the primary function of insulin? A. Raises blood glucose levels B. Lowers blood glucose levels C. Stimulates glycogen breakdown D. Stimulates intestinal carbohydrate absorption

B. Lowers blood glucose levels

Why are hard cheeses lower in lactose than soft cheeses? A. The lactose molecules bond to casein. B. More lactose is removed during manufacturing. C. The bacterial culture is selected to degrade more of the lactose. D. The lactose molecules condense to form a poorly digested oligosaccharide

B. More lactose is rmoved during manufacturing.

What is the composition of sucrose? A. Two fructose units B. One glucose and one fructose unit C. One glucose and one galactose unit D. One galactose and one fructose unit

B. One glucose and one fructose unit

Among the following approved sweeteners, which has the highest relative sweetness? A. Saccharin b. Sucarlose C. Aspartame D. Acesulfame-k

B. Sucralose

Type 2 diabetes is also known a? A. prediabetes. B. adult-onset diabetes. C. anti-glycemic intolerance. D. insulin-dependent diabetes.

B. adult-onset diabetes.

Which of the following provides the most fiber? A. 1 orange B. 1 serving oatmeal C. 1 serving split peas D. 1 serving whole wheat bread

C. 1 serving split peas

According to most dietary guidelines, what percentage of the day's total enegy intake should be furnished by carbohydrates? A. 10-15 B. 30-35 C. 45-65 D. 90-95

C. 45-65

Which of the following enzymes dows not act on simple sugars? A. Lactase B. Sucrase C. Amylase D. Maltase

C. Amylase

Which of the following fibers is water insoluble? A. Gums B. Pectins C. Cellulose D. Mucilages

C. Cellulose

Which of the following is known as fruit sugar or levulose? A. Maltose B. Glucose C. Fructose D. Galactose

C. Fructose

What component accounts for the usually sweet taste of fruits? A. Fats B. Fiber C. Simple sugar D. Complex carbohydrates

C. Simple sugar

A "functional fiber" is one that A. occurs naturally in the intact plants. B. performs a specific function in the plant. C. is extracted from plants and has a beneficial health effect. D. is a polysaccharide that is stored primarily in muscle and liver of animals.

C. is extracted from plants and has a beneficial health effect.

The types of atoms found in a glucose molecule include all of the following except A. carbon. B. oxygen. C. nitrogen. D. hydrogen.

C. nitrogen

A person diagnosed with milk allergy would be sensitive to the milk's A. fat B. lactose C. protein D. minerals

C. protein

Which of the following is a feature of diabetes? A. Type 1 diabetes is also known as adult-onset diabetes. B. It is believed to be caused by abnormal intake of dietary carbohydrates. C. The insulin-dependent type is more common than the noninsulin-dependent type. D. Dietary management should focus on total carbohydrate intake rather than the type of carbohydrate consumed.

D. Dietary management should focus on the total carbohydrate intake rather than the type of carbohydrate consumed.

When you are under physical stress, what horomone is released quickly to stimulate an increase in blood glucose concentration? A. Insulin B. Secretin C. Glucogen D. Epinephrine

D. Epinephrine

What is the name of the animal polysaccharide composed of glucose units? A. Fiber B. Enzyme C. Dextrin D. Glycogen

D. Glycogen

What is the primary storage form of carbohydrate in the body? A. Fiber B. Starch C. Glucose D. Glycogen

D. Glycogen

What is the predominant sweetner used in formulating beverages? A. Glucose B. Sucrose C. Invert sugar D. High-fructose corn syrup

D. High-fructose corn syrup

Which of the following is a feature of lactose? A. Its digestion begins in the mouth B. It is found in various amounts in most animal foods C. It causes frequest allergies in certain population groups D. It is used as a filler in one out of five perscription drugs

D. It is used as a filler in one out of five prescription drugs

What is the composition of lactose? A. Two glucose units B. Two fructose units C. One glucose and one fructose unit D. One glucose and one galactose unit

D. One glucose and one glactose unit

What is the first organ to respond to an increase in blood glucose concentration? A. Brain B. Liver C. Muscle D. Pancreas

D. Pancreas

What is the primary absorption site for digestible carbohydrates? A. Mouth B. Stomach C. Large intestines D. Small intestines

D. Small intestines

Which of the following is not a characteristic of glucose? A. Monosaccharide B. Soluble in water C. Part of the sucrose molecule D. Sweeter tasting than sucrose

D. Sweeter tasting than sucrose

What is the staple grain of Canada, the Untied States, and Europe? A. Oats B. Rice C. Corn D. Wheat

D. Wheat

Which of the following contains the least amount of fiber? A. Apples B. Prunes C. Potatoes D. White rice

D. White rice

Sucrose

Disaccharide containing fructose

100

Normal blood glucose level, in mg per 100 mL blood

What type of fiber is found chiefly in the cereal fibers? A. Pectin B. Lignin C. Mucilage D. Hemicellulose

Not A or C... good luck

200

Number or kcal in a 16-ounce regular soda

422

Recommended intake of total carbohydrate, in grams, from a 2,600 kcal diet

Aspartame

Safe sweetner, except for children with PKU

Small intestine

Site where digestion of disaccharides takes place

Mouth

Site where digestion of starch begins

Large intestine

Site where fibers may be metabolized to short-chain fatty acids

Epinephrine

Stress horomone that modulates blood glucose

Cellulose

Structurally similar to starch but resistant to digestion

Insulin

Substance that signals removal of glucose from the blood

Glucagon

Substance that signals the release of glucose into blood

Lactose

When digested yeilds glactose