Understanding Nutrition-Final Exam
How many hydrogen atoms are attached to each carbon adjacent to a double bond? a. 1 b. 2 c. 4 d. 6
1
How much energy is required to raise the temperature of one kilogram (liter) of water 1 degree Celsius? a. 10 calories b. 1 kilocalorie c. 10,000 calories d. 1000 kilocalories
1 kilocalorie
How many different kinds of amino acids make up proteins? a. 8 b. 10 c. 14 d. 20
20
On a food label, the "% Daily Value" table compares key nutrients per serving for a person consuming how many kcalories daily? a. 1500 b. 2000 c. 2500 d. 3000
2000
A diet provides a total of 2200 kcalories, of which 40% of the energy is from fat and 20% from protiein. How many grams of carbohydrate are contained in the diet? a. 220 b. 285 c. 440 d. 880
220
Bob consumes about 2500 calories a day, which is apportioned as 150g of fat, 140g of carbohydrate, and 150g of protein. What revisions would make it match the AMDR? a. 70g fat, 156g protein, 313g carbs
70g fat, 156g protein, 313g carbs
What is the kcalorie value of a meal supplying 110g of carbohydrates, 25g of protein, 20g of fat, and 5g of alcohol? a.160 b.345 c. 560 d. 755
755
What are the principles of diet planning? a. Abundance, B vitamins, kcalories, diet control, minerals and variety b. Abundance, balance, conservative, diversity, moderation and vitamins c. Adequacy, bone development, correction, vitamin density, master and variety d. Adequacy, balance, kcalorie control, nutrient density, moderation and variety
Adequacy, balance, kcalorie control, nutrient density, moderation and variety
What is the fate of excess dietary protein? a. After absorption, the liver will store extra amino acids b. After absorption, the extra amino acids will be broken down for conversion to glucose or fat. c. Digestion will be decreased by 30 to 60%, resulting in less absorption d. After absorption, extra proteins will be flushed out of the body
After absorption, the extra amino acids will be broken down for conversion to glucose or fat
Overcooking a food is least likely to affect which of the following groups of nutrients? a. Vitamins b. Minerals c. Proteins d. Carbohydrates
Minerals
What is the function of mucus in the stomach? a. emulsify fat b. neutralize stomach acid c. activates pepsinogen to pepsin d. Protect stomach wall from HCL
Protect stomach wall from HCL
Which of the following is a feature of adipose cell lipoprotein lipase? a. The enzyme's activity is reduced by high fat diets b. The enzyme's activity is increased by signals from epinephrine and glucagon c. The enzyme works to promote uptake of circulating triglycerides into storage triglycerides d. The enzyme is involved in release of free fatty acids from stored triglyceride into the bloodstream
The enzyme works to promote uptake of circulating triglycerides into storage triglycerides
What does the tolerable upper intake of a nutrient represent? a. the maximum amount allowed for fortifying food b. a number calculated by taking twice the RDA or 3 times the AI c. The maximum allowable amount available in supplement form d. The maximum amount from all sources that appears safe for most healthy people
The maximum amount from all sources that appears safe for most healthy people
When consumed in excess, all of the following can be converted to body fat and stored except a. sugar b. corn oil c. alcohol d. vitamin C
Vitamin C
An empty kcalorie food is one that contains a. no kcalories b. abundance of vitamins c. abundance of minerals d. abundance of energy, little to no vitamins and minerals
abundance of energy, little to no vitamins and minerals
Which of the following is NOT classified as a macronutrient? a. fat b. protein c. calcium d. carbohydrate
calcium
According to nutrition labeling laws, what two minerals must be listed on the package label as a percent daily value? a. Calcium and Iron b. zinc and phosphorous c. fluoride and chloride d. chromium and magnesium
calcium and iron
What type of rxn is required to bind two molecules of glycine together and release a molecule of water? a. hydrolysis b. deamination c. denaturation d. condensation
condensation
The application of heat or acid to a protein that causes it's shape to change is known as a. stiffening b. condensation c. denaturation d. destabalization
denaturation
When two amino acids are chemically joined together, the resulting structure is called a a. dipeptide b. diglyceride c. polypeptide d. disaccharide
dipeptide
Refined grain products contain only the a. bran b. husk c. germ d. endosperm
endosperm
The part of the grain that remains after being refined is the a. bran b. husk c. germ d. endosperm
endosperm
A nutrient needed by the body that must be supplied by food is a. neutraceutical b. metabolic unit c. organic nutrient d. essential nutrient
essential nutrient
Which of the following is an organic nutrient? a. fat b. water c. oxygen d. calcium
fat
Gram for gram, which of the following provides the most energy? a. fats b. alcohol c. proteins d. carbohydrates
fats
Which is NOT one of the six classes of nutrients? a. fiber b. protein c. minerals d. vitamins
fiber
Which of the following would NOT be acted upon by pancreatic juice secreted into the intestinal tract? a. fats b. fiber c. proteins d. carbohydrates
fiber
Which of the following is an enrichment nutrient for grains? a. zinc b. folate c. protein d. calcium
folate
The addition of calcium to some orange juice products by food manufacturers is most properly termed nutrient a. enrichment b. restoration c. fortification d. mineralization
fortification
What is the term that defines foods that contain nonnutrient substances whose known action in the body is to promote well-being to a greater extent than that contributed by the food's nutrients? a. fortified foods b. enriched foods c. functional foods d. health enhancing foods
functional foods
Gluconeogenesis is a term that describes the synthesis of a. amino acids from glucose b. lactose from a source of sucrose c. fat from excess carbohydrate intake d. glucose from a noncarbohydrate substance
glucose from a noncarbohydrate substance
A low risk of cardiovascular disease correlates with high blood levels of a. triglycerides b. free fatty acids c. high density lipoproteins d. very low density lipoproteins
high density lipoproteins
In the scientific method, a tentative solution to a problem is called the a. theory b. prediction c. hypothesis d. correlation
hypothesis
Which of the following is the most likely side effect of a high protein-low carbohydrate diet? a. diarrhea b. increased thirst c. nitrogen toxicity d. increased water retention in the body
increased thirst
Which of the following cannot add fat to the body? a. alcohol b. proteins c. carbohydrates d. inorganic nutrients
inorganic nutrients
Which of the following is a micronutrient? a. iron b. protein c. alcohol d. carbohydrate
iron
The hepatic portal vein empties into a. liver b. heart c. pancreas d. hepatic vein
liver
Which of the following does NOT secrete digestive enzymes? a. liver b. stomach c. pancreas d. salivary glands
liver
An essential nutrient is one that cannot be a. found in food b. degraded by the body c. made in sufficient quantities by the body d. used to synthesize other compounds in the body
made in sufficient quantities by the body
Enough, but not excess of a nutrient is a. safety b. variety c. moderation d. undernutrition
moderation
In what organ does the digestion process begin? a. mouth b. stomach c. duodenum d. jejunum-ileum
mouth
An increase in exercise accompanied by a decrease in body weight is an example of a. variable effect b. positive correlation c. negative correlation d. randomization effect
negative correlation
What element is found in proteins but NOT in carbohydrates and fats? a. carbon b. oxygen c. calcium d. nitrogen
nitrogen
A food label that advertises the product as a "rich source of fiber" is an example of a a. Nutrient claim b. health claim c. weight reduction claim d. structure function claim
nutrient claim
Which of the following is NOT a small intestinal cell enzyme? a. maltase b. sucrase c. lactase d. pectinase
pectinase
What is the name of the inactive form of the protein splitting enzyme in the stomach? a. peptidase b. propepsin c. pepsinogen d. propeptidase
pepsinogen
Nonnutrient substances found in plant foods that show biological activity in the body are commonly known as a. folionutrient b. inorganic fibers c. phytochemicals d. phyllochemicals
phytochemicals
Which of the following leading causes of death in the US does NOT bear a relationship to diet? a. cancer b. heart disease c. diabetes mellitus d. pneumonia and influenza
pneumonia and influenza
Overeating and gaining body weight is an example of a a. variable effect b. positive correlation c. negative correlation d. randomization effect
positive correlation
When nitrogen taken into the body exceeds nitrogen losses, we say the person is in a. a healthy state b. nitrogen equilibrium c. positive nitrogen balance d. negative nitrogen balance
positive nitrogen balance
What is one function of the pyloric sphincter? a. secretes acid into the stomach b. secretes hormones into the stomach c. Prevents contents of SI backing up into the stomach d. Prevents contents of SI from emptying too quickly into the colon
prevents contents of SI from backing up into the stomach
What type of enzymes are responsible for hydrolyzing proteins in food? a. lipases b. salivases c. proteases d. carbohydrases
proteases
The body's need for water increases on a diet high in a. protein b. carbohydrate c. saturated fat d. unsaturated fat
protein
Which of the following is an example of a macronutrient? a. protein b. Calcium c. Vitamin C d. Vitamin D
protein
Nutrient dense foods refer to foods that a. carry the USDA nutrition labeling b. Are higher in weight relative to volume c. provide more nutrients relative to kcalories d. contain a mixture of carbs, fat and protein
provide more nutrients relative to kcalories
The purpose of bicarbonate in the digestive process is to a. raise the pH of chyme b. lower the pH of chyme c. hydrolyze large peptides d. provide a little fizz in your life
raise the pH of chyme
The amount of a nutrient that meets the needs of about 98% of the population is termed the a. Adequate Intake b. Daily recommended value c. Tolerable upper intake level d. Recommended Dietary allowance
recommended dietary allowance
The smallest nutrient that, when consumed over a prolonged period, maintains a specific function is called the nutrient_______________ a. allowance b. requirement c. tolerable limit d. adequate intake
requirement
What is the primary absorption site for digestable carbohydrates? a. mouth b. stomach c. small intestine d. large intestine
small intestine
After a hamburger is eaten, in what organ is the hydrolysis of it's proteins initiated? a. mouth b. stomach c. small intestine d. large intestine
stomach
In what organ is pepsin active? a. stomach b. pancreas c. small intestine d. large intestine
stomach
According to the FDA, a food label that reads "improves memory" is an example of a. health claim b. DV claim c. qualified health claim d. structure-function claim
structure-function claim
A compound composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen with 3 fatty acids attached to a molecule of glycerol would be known as a a. diglyceride b. triglyceride c. phospholipid d. monoglyceride
triglyceride
What amino acid is used to synthesize the neurotransmitter serotonin and the vitamin niacin? a. glycine b. tyrosine c. mehtionine d. tryptophan
tryptophan
Which of the following best describes the normal pH of the stomach? a. Very acidic b. Slightly acidic c. Neutral d. Slightly alkaline
very acidic
What is an example of a micronutrient? a. fat b. protein c. Vitamin C d. carbohydrate
vitamin C
Which of the following product labels always denotes a whole-grain product? a. Multi-grain b. 100% wheat c. whole wheat d. stone ground
whole wheat