Understanding Nutrition-Final Exam

How many hydrogen atoms are attached to each carbon adjacent to a double bond? a. 1 b. 2 c. 4 d. 6

1

How much energy is required to raise the temperature of one kilogram (liter) of water 1 degree Celsius? a. 10 calories b. 1 kilocalorie c. 10,000 calories d. 1000 kilocalories

1 kilocalorie

How many different kinds of amino acids make up proteins? a. 8 b. 10 c. 14 d. 20

20

On a food label, the "% Daily Value" table compares key nutrients per serving for a person consuming how many kcalories daily? a. 1500 b. 2000 c. 2500 d. 3000

2000

A diet provides a total of 2200 kcalories, of which 40% of the energy is from fat and 20% from protiein. How many grams of carbohydrate are contained in the diet? a. 220 b. 285 c. 440 d. 880

220

Bob consumes about 2500 calories a day, which is apportioned as 150g of fat, 140g of carbohydrate, and 150g of protein. What revisions would make it match the AMDR? a. 70g fat, 156g protein, 313g carbs

70g fat, 156g protein, 313g carbs

What is the kcalorie value of a meal supplying 110g of carbohydrates, 25g of protein, 20g of fat, and 5g of alcohol? a.160 b.345 c. 560 d. 755

755

What are the principles of diet planning? a. Abundance, B vitamins, kcalories, diet control, minerals and variety b. Abundance, balance, conservative, diversity, moderation and vitamins c. Adequacy, bone development, correction, vitamin density, master and variety d. Adequacy, balance, kcalorie control, nutrient density, moderation and variety

Adequacy, balance, kcalorie control, nutrient density, moderation and variety

What is the fate of excess dietary protein? a. After absorption, the liver will store extra amino acids b. After absorption, the extra amino acids will be broken down for conversion to glucose or fat. c. Digestion will be decreased by 30 to 60%, resulting in less absorption d. After absorption, extra proteins will be flushed out of the body

After absorption, the extra amino acids will be broken down for conversion to glucose or fat

Overcooking a food is least likely to affect which of the following groups of nutrients? a. Vitamins b. Minerals c. Proteins d. Carbohydrates

Minerals

What is the function of mucus in the stomach? a. emulsify fat b. neutralize stomach acid c. activates pepsinogen to pepsin d. Protect stomach wall from HCL

Protect stomach wall from HCL

Which of the following is a feature of adipose cell lipoprotein lipase? a. The enzyme's activity is reduced by high fat diets b. The enzyme's activity is increased by signals from epinephrine and glucagon c. The enzyme works to promote uptake of circulating triglycerides into storage triglycerides d. The enzyme is involved in release of free fatty acids from stored triglyceride into the bloodstream

The enzyme works to promote uptake of circulating triglycerides into storage triglycerides

What does the tolerable upper intake of a nutrient represent? a. the maximum amount allowed for fortifying food b. a number calculated by taking twice the RDA or 3 times the AI c. The maximum allowable amount available in supplement form d. The maximum amount from all sources that appears safe for most healthy people

The maximum amount from all sources that appears safe for most healthy people

When consumed in excess, all of the following can be converted to body fat and stored except a. sugar b. corn oil c. alcohol d. vitamin C

Vitamin C

An empty kcalorie food is one that contains a. no kcalories b. abundance of vitamins c. abundance of minerals d. abundance of energy, little to no vitamins and minerals

abundance of energy, little to no vitamins and minerals

Which of the following is NOT classified as a macronutrient? a. fat b. protein c. calcium d. carbohydrate

calcium

According to nutrition labeling laws, what two minerals must be listed on the package label as a percent daily value? a. Calcium and Iron b. zinc and phosphorous c. fluoride and chloride d. chromium and magnesium

calcium and iron

What type of rxn is required to bind two molecules of glycine together and release a molecule of water? a. hydrolysis b. deamination c. denaturation d. condensation

condensation

The application of heat or acid to a protein that causes it's shape to change is known as a. stiffening b. condensation c. denaturation d. destabalization

denaturation

When two amino acids are chemically joined together, the resulting structure is called a a. dipeptide b. diglyceride c. polypeptide d. disaccharide

dipeptide

Refined grain products contain only the a. bran b. husk c. germ d. endosperm

endosperm

The part of the grain that remains after being refined is the a. bran b. husk c. germ d. endosperm

endosperm

A nutrient needed by the body that must be supplied by food is a. neutraceutical b. metabolic unit c. organic nutrient d. essential nutrient

essential nutrient

Which of the following is an organic nutrient? a. fat b. water c. oxygen d. calcium

fat

Gram for gram, which of the following provides the most energy? a. fats b. alcohol c. proteins d. carbohydrates

fats

Which is NOT one of the six classes of nutrients? a. fiber b. protein c. minerals d. vitamins

fiber

Which of the following would NOT be acted upon by pancreatic juice secreted into the intestinal tract? a. fats b. fiber c. proteins d. carbohydrates

fiber

Which of the following is an enrichment nutrient for grains? a. zinc b. folate c. protein d. calcium

folate

The addition of calcium to some orange juice products by food manufacturers is most properly termed nutrient a. enrichment b. restoration c. fortification d. mineralization

fortification

What is the term that defines foods that contain nonnutrient substances whose known action in the body is to promote well-being to a greater extent than that contributed by the food's nutrients? a. fortified foods b. enriched foods c. functional foods d. health enhancing foods

functional foods

Gluconeogenesis is a term that describes the synthesis of a. amino acids from glucose b. lactose from a source of sucrose c. fat from excess carbohydrate intake d. glucose from a noncarbohydrate substance

glucose from a noncarbohydrate substance

A low risk of cardiovascular disease correlates with high blood levels of a. triglycerides b. free fatty acids c. high density lipoproteins d. very low density lipoproteins

high density lipoproteins

In the scientific method, a tentative solution to a problem is called the a. theory b. prediction c. hypothesis d. correlation

hypothesis

Which of the following is the most likely side effect of a high protein-low carbohydrate diet? a. diarrhea b. increased thirst c. nitrogen toxicity d. increased water retention in the body

increased thirst

Which of the following cannot add fat to the body? a. alcohol b. proteins c. carbohydrates d. inorganic nutrients

inorganic nutrients

Which of the following is a micronutrient? a. iron b. protein c. alcohol d. carbohydrate

iron

The hepatic portal vein empties into a. liver b. heart c. pancreas d. hepatic vein

liver

Which of the following does NOT secrete digestive enzymes? a. liver b. stomach c. pancreas d. salivary glands

liver

An essential nutrient is one that cannot be a. found in food b. degraded by the body c. made in sufficient quantities by the body d. used to synthesize other compounds in the body

made in sufficient quantities by the body

Enough, but not excess of a nutrient is a. safety b. variety c. moderation d. undernutrition

moderation

In what organ does the digestion process begin? a. mouth b. stomach c. duodenum d. jejunum-ileum

mouth

An increase in exercise accompanied by a decrease in body weight is an example of a. variable effect b. positive correlation c. negative correlation d. randomization effect

negative correlation

What element is found in proteins but NOT in carbohydrates and fats? a. carbon b. oxygen c. calcium d. nitrogen

nitrogen

A food label that advertises the product as a "rich source of fiber" is an example of a a. Nutrient claim b. health claim c. weight reduction claim d. structure function claim

nutrient claim

Which of the following is NOT a small intestinal cell enzyme? a. maltase b. sucrase c. lactase d. pectinase

pectinase

What is the name of the inactive form of the protein splitting enzyme in the stomach? a. peptidase b. propepsin c. pepsinogen d. propeptidase

pepsinogen

Nonnutrient substances found in plant foods that show biological activity in the body are commonly known as a. folionutrient b. inorganic fibers c. phytochemicals d. phyllochemicals

phytochemicals

Which of the following leading causes of death in the US does NOT bear a relationship to diet? a. cancer b. heart disease c. diabetes mellitus d. pneumonia and influenza

pneumonia and influenza

Overeating and gaining body weight is an example of a a. variable effect b. positive correlation c. negative correlation d. randomization effect

positive correlation

When nitrogen taken into the body exceeds nitrogen losses, we say the person is in a. a healthy state b. nitrogen equilibrium c. positive nitrogen balance d. negative nitrogen balance

positive nitrogen balance

What is one function of the pyloric sphincter? a. secretes acid into the stomach b. secretes hormones into the stomach c. Prevents contents of SI backing up into the stomach d. Prevents contents of SI from emptying too quickly into the colon

prevents contents of SI from backing up into the stomach

What type of enzymes are responsible for hydrolyzing proteins in food? a. lipases b. salivases c. proteases d. carbohydrases

proteases

The body's need for water increases on a diet high in a. protein b. carbohydrate c. saturated fat d. unsaturated fat

protein

Which of the following is an example of a macronutrient? a. protein b. Calcium c. Vitamin C d. Vitamin D

protein

Nutrient dense foods refer to foods that a. carry the USDA nutrition labeling b. Are higher in weight relative to volume c. provide more nutrients relative to kcalories d. contain a mixture of carbs, fat and protein

provide more nutrients relative to kcalories

The purpose of bicarbonate in the digestive process is to a. raise the pH of chyme b. lower the pH of chyme c. hydrolyze large peptides d. provide a little fizz in your life

raise the pH of chyme

The amount of a nutrient that meets the needs of about 98% of the population is termed the a. Adequate Intake b. Daily recommended value c. Tolerable upper intake level d. Recommended Dietary allowance

recommended dietary allowance

The smallest nutrient that, when consumed over a prolonged period, maintains a specific function is called the nutrient_______________ a. allowance b. requirement c. tolerable limit d. adequate intake

requirement

What is the primary absorption site for digestable carbohydrates? a. mouth b. stomach c. small intestine d. large intestine

small intestine

After a hamburger is eaten, in what organ is the hydrolysis of it's proteins initiated? a. mouth b. stomach c. small intestine d. large intestine

stomach

In what organ is pepsin active? a. stomach b. pancreas c. small intestine d. large intestine

stomach

According to the FDA, a food label that reads "improves memory" is an example of a. health claim b. DV claim c. qualified health claim d. structure-function claim

structure-function claim

A compound composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen with 3 fatty acids attached to a molecule of glycerol would be known as a a. diglyceride b. triglyceride c. phospholipid d. monoglyceride

triglyceride

What amino acid is used to synthesize the neurotransmitter serotonin and the vitamin niacin? a. glycine b. tyrosine c. mehtionine d. tryptophan

tryptophan

Which of the following best describes the normal pH of the stomach? a. Very acidic b. Slightly acidic c. Neutral d. Slightly alkaline

very acidic

What is an example of a micronutrient? a. fat b. protein c. Vitamin C d. carbohydrate

vitamin C

Which of the following product labels always denotes a whole-grain product? a. Multi-grain b. 100% wheat c. whole wheat d. stone ground

whole wheat