Understanding Relationships in the 21st Century Exam 1

Which statement made by one of the people in the video reflects the disadvantage of the stigma of polyamory?

"My friends think it's weird."

Most children do not develop the concept of gender permanence until roughly ______ years of age.

6 or 7

Alissa asked her boyfriend, Cade, to arrange dinner for the two of them since she had a long day at work and couldn't make plans to cook or order in. When she arrives home, she greets Cade and asks "So what did you end up doing for our dinner?" Cade replies, "I've been waiting for you to get back. Do you want your usual from your favorite place?" Alissa looks surprised and clarifies, "So nothing is ready yet?" Cade looks incredulous and says, "I mean, you just got in the door..." What is the primary miscommunication between these two?

Alissa asked for help but Cade didn't understand her meaning.

Which of the following is a benefit of arranged marriage?

Cultural customs of the families are preserved and passed down to new generations.

Henry has to be cautious of his girlfriend's moods. Taylor can be happy and loving one minute and completely rage-fueled and screaming the next. Henry loves Taylor, so he does all he can to keep her happy and accommodate or avoid her outbursts. Taylor is exhibiting which individual factor of abuse?

Jekyll-and-Hyde personality

The principle of satiation says that a stimulus loses its value with repeated exposure. In the context of a relationship what does this mean?

Long-term relationships will lose intensity over time as compared to what partners feel in the initial period of falling in love.

Which statement is true about negative communication?

Negative communication damages the relationship faster than positives can fix it.

Harry and Meghan knew each other for a year and a half when they got engaged. According to data, were they together long enough to prevent risk of divorce?

No, people who have known each other for 3 years or more are far less likely to divorce.

Jessica and Shara recently decided to get married for a variety of reasons: They have been together for a long time and love each other, they do not want to pay rent for two apartments in two different cities, Shara could join Jessica's health insurance plan, and they have decided they want to have children together. Which of their reasons for marrying is a legal right afforded to them since the 2015 Supreme Court ruling?

Shara's coverage on Jessica's health insurance

What distinguishes social learning theory from cognitive-developmental theory?

Social learning theory emphasizes reward and punishment.

Why do clients like Laura Myers in the video think that getting professional dating advice is a good idea?

The dating world is drastically different since the advent of the internet and online dating.

Which of the following is an example of how gender roles are in flux within society?

Young people espouse egalitarian views at work but desire traditional roles in the home.

Two weeks ago, Margot's boyfriend lashed out at her. During a heated argument, he slapped her across the face and shoved her into a wall before storming out of the house. Eventually, she called you to talk about it. While she was concerned, she says she loves him and she does not believe it will happen again. "He's been devastated," she says. "He's stopped drinking and has tried to do everything he can think of to show me he cares. He has cooked meals, detailed my car, and sent me the most beautiful batch of flowers. As wild as it seems, I think we're closer now than we were before." Based on what you know of the cycle of abuse, what is most likely to happen next in Margot's relationship?

a new tension in the relationship

Immigrant families are more likely to carry which form of relationship stress compared to others?

acculturation

Effective communication is both _____ and _____.

accurate; timely

Family violence is likely to be reduced by strengthening which type of family policy?

anti-poverty program

Mariset has recently ended a long-term relationship. Now that she is ready to begin dating again, her friends have encouraged her to be generous with evaluation of potential matches on Bumble. "Not everything has to turn into a relationship," they say. "Sometimes you just need someone who you'd be willing to practice with." This relationship advice points to which social function of partner involvement?

anticipatory socialization

ignoring lgb people

antigay bias

In the context of gender socialization, parental investment refers to ______.

any venture by a parent that increases the offspring's chance of surviving and thus increases reproductive success of the adult

How can you avoid deceptiveness in yourself and others in online dating, according to individuals like Peige?

approach it with a deciphering eye and present yourself honestly in your profile

One of the women in the video states that she identifies as bisexual, which reflects that people who identify as polyamorous ______.

are more likely to identify as a sexual minority identity

Future relationships are more likely to value both intimacy and ______.

autonomy

The "dark triad" personality is more commonly described by which term?

bad boy

Compared to pair-bonded adults, singles report ______.

being roughly as satisfied as pair-bonded adults

Sex is best understood as a ______ distinction.

biological

Which theory of gender role development defines the process through the evolutionary survival function?

biosocial theory

Elle is a bisexual woman married to a cisgender man. She identifies as bisexual and queer. When she comes out to people at work, she's been asked "isn't that just a way of saying you can't make up your mind?" When people she has met in queer spaces learn she is married to a man, some have reacted with shock and accused her of masquerading as a queer person. Elle is experiencing ______.

biphobia

Which of the following increases the likelihood of disillusionment in a marriage?

children

When a clergy member states "by the power vested in me by the State of X," they are signifying their status as a(n) ______.

civil authority

People raised in French, German, Italian, or Greek culture tend to regard arguing as a sign of ______. dominance and power closeness and respect danger and disharmony disrespect and dismissal PREVIOUS

closeness and respect

The video discusses how children's gender role development is influenced by toys and activities in the environment around them. Which theory of gender role development does this reflect?

cognitive-developmental theory

Interpersonal communication refers to ______.

communication between two people

_____ is the greatest expected benefit and legitimate goal of marriage.

companionship

The approval of one's partner having other partners or lovers is known as ______.

compersion

Most marriage relationships ______.

decline in happiness over the course of the marriage

action denying opportunities

descrimination

Premarital counseling serves as a process of ______.

discovery

Maria and Georg looked forward to their marriage throughout their 18-month engagement. After 1 year of marriage, though, each agrees that marriage has not been as joyful as they expected and quickly started to feel "routine." Georg and Maria are experiencing marital ______.

disenchantment

Felipe sits his girlfriend, Cariba, down one evening after work and says "I have something important to tell you about work." Cariba, overcome with excitement, says "Oh! You finally got that promotion your boss has been mentioning, didn't you!" Rather than correct her with the news he has been laid off, Felipe just reacts with happiness and celebrates with Cariba. This is an example of ______.

dishonesty by not correcting an assumption

When seeking marriageable partners, a partner with similar ______ background is of high importance.

educational

Concerning child abuse, abusive acts may involve physical harm, sexual abuse, neglect, or _____.

emotional abuse

Kirsten describes her partner, David, as someone with "strong opinions." David has "strong opinions" about what Kirsten wears, what she eats, who she sees, and how she spends her time. David's "strong opinions" meet the description of ______.

emotional abuse

Black and Latinx family systems share which characteristic?

emphasis on mothers

LGBTQ parents are more likely than heterosexual parents to ______.

encourage children to engage with a variety of gender expressions

One major advantage of online dating is "shopping," which refers to ______.

evaluating and sorting a high volume of potential partners quickly

Universally, children are barred from marrying their parents and most cultures frown on relationships between close relatives. Choose the principle that underlies this practice.

exogamy

Women view which of the following behaviors as a signal of attraction from men on a first date?

extending the date by going to another location

Children from same-sex relationships have lower levels of well-being than children from opposite-sex relationships.

false

Defense mechanisms that interfere with conflict resolution are a deliberate attempt by an abusive partner to control or manipulate the victim.

false

It is impossible to fall in love with a robot or hologram.

false

Men cannot be raped.

false

Only 20% of people report having kept secrets from a romantic partner.

false

Prenuptial agreements are associated with higher levels of divorce.

false

Studies show there is no significant lasting harm to children from corporal punishment.

false

Parents of those marrying sometimes use a phrase like, "I'm not losing my daughter, I'm gaining a son" to describe their feelings toward the marriage. This expresses ______.

family-to-family commitment

"I thought he would escalate if I left."

fear

People experiencing abuse are most likely to seek help from ______.

friends and family

emotional manipulation that makes a partner doubt their own perception

gaslighting

Emma is deeply nonconfrontational. While she likes going on dates, she hates having to tell someone that she does not want to see them anymore. Rather than have that conversation, she prefers to stop responding to their attempts to connect and block that person on the app she is using and any other social media they may connect on. This is an example of ______.

ghosting

American Airlines is an example of a corporation that ______.

has implemented gender nondiscrimination policies

heterosexuality as normal

heterosexism

negative attitudes about lgb people

homophobia

Which of the following is an open-ended question?

how do you feel about our relationship?

In the future, marriages are more likely to ______.

include spouses from different backgrounds

When asked about what she most hoped for in a future wife, Rafia responded that she pictured someone smart, spiritual, and community-minded. Which three sociological factors are present in Rafia's response?

intelligence, religion, and politics

Compersion is the opposite of ______.

jealousy

The state's primary interest in regulating marriages hinges on ______.

legal leverage for care of children

Because this style of relationship is somewhat new in the United States, couples in a LAT enjoy fewer ______.

legal protections

Abias often feels frustrated with online dating interactions. He feels it is difficult to connect with people who share more than one interest in common with him, which is not enough for him to feel a true connection. Abias is experiencing which disadvantage of online dating?

less homogamous pairings

According to attachment theory, children separated from their parents due to current U.S. immigration policies may develop ______.

life-long emotional disorder

Marvin loves dating. His favorite part of relationships is what he calls "the chase,"--that is, flirting, catching, and keeping the attention of intimate partners. He does not like long-term relationships and enjoys the challenge of seeing multiple people at once. Which love style does Marvin display?

ludic love style

Maci and her boyfriend, Andy, have recently decided to do a long-distance relationship. Maci is moving to a new city for a career opportunity and rather than break up, they have decided to attempt to make it work. Which of the following facts from Maci's background suggest she may be well-suited for a long-distance relationship?

maci attended high school at a boarding school several hours from home

Jeremy is committed to his wife, Anna. When she returns home from a swing shift at the hospital, he knows she is likely to be out-of-sorts and impatient, so he always has her sit down with a cup of tea while he unloads her overnight bag and starts the laundry. This is an example of ______.

marital generosity

According to Laurie Davis, an online dating profile can most readily be compared to a ______.

marketing campaign

Adoption, abortion, single parenthood, and unmarried parenthood may all be superior options to ______.

marriage due to unplanned pregnancy

As stated in the video, on average, male partners tend to be older and have a higher income than their female partner. Which concept explains this pattern in mate selection?

mating gradient

Silas' last long-term relationship was in high school. After 3 years together, he learned his girlfriend had been cheating on him with a teammate for 2 years. Since then, he has found it difficult to form a relationship with other women. Once things move toward commitment, he begins to feel overcome by the worry that he will be cheated on again. Which internal cause of jealousy does Silas display?

mistrust

Married couples where one spouse is heterosexual and the other spouse is lesbian, gay, or bisexual are referred to as ______.

mixed orientation relationship

"This is the best I can do."

negative self-concept

An individual who is dependent on virtual environments to the point of having social problems may be described as ______.

nomophobic

Steve takes care when introducing himself to always include his preferred terms of address. He says "Hi, my name is Steve and I use he/him pronouns." In doing so, Steve is ______.

normalizing the use of various pronouns

It can be problematic to classify individuals into categories of lesbian, gay, or bisexual in part because ______.

one person may identify with multiple identities over the course of their life

Both Nate and Tiffany were married previously and have children from previous relationships. Nate is divorced; Tiffany was widowed when her husband was killed in combat. They are committed to one another and have blended their families, but Tiffany's two children are supported through their deceased father's pension plan and health insurance. Nate and Tiffany do not make enough money to cover the financial loss they would incur if they married and lost these benefits. Which reason for cohabitation does their situation fit?

pension partners

Dylan had always thought of Kevin as a nice guy, but mostly just as a work acquaintance. Recently, though, he's noticed Kevin looking at him during meetings, making a lot more effort to make small talk in the hallways, and smiling whenever Dylan enters the room. Since then, Dylan has started to notice Kevin more and consider him good looking. Which psychological condition for love is displayed in this scenario?

perceived reciprocal liking

The speaker mentions that she appreciated that her now-husband was "bubbly" when they first met. This is an example of which type of component of the development of love relationships?

personality qualities

The psychological conditions that give rise to love include ______.

personality qualities, self-esteem, and self-disclosure

When bisexual people come out, they are often told that their orientation is a ______.

phase

Within married couples, which sociological factor are they most likely to experience the highest rate of similarity within?

politics

Because marriage rights are so recently granted, some same-sex couples report feeling pressure to ______.

present an idyllic image of family

Conversion therapy has been found to cause ______.

psychological, physical, and emotional harm

"It was my fault for not listening."

rationalization

The "cause" or "origin" of diversity in sexual orientation is primarily ______.

related to multiple factors

Marriage quality is most strongly predicted by ______.

relationship equity

why was homophobia on the rise during the 80s and 90s?

religious, political, and cultural forces combined to encourage homophobia

Under the Trump administration, regulations regarding campus sexual assault reporting have been ______.

rescinded

unrequited love

response

Among committed couples who never wish to marry, which is the most common reason for avoiding marriage?

risk aversion

Starting school, getting a driver's license, and graduating from high school are all examples of ______.

rites of passage

"I really thought I could change him."

saviorism

Couples in LAT relationships may avoid the condition of satiation, meaning their relationship may remain exciting. This is because they ______.

see each other less, making their time together more exciting

In the future, which of the following will become the norm for relationships?

seeking a partner who facilitates your own self-actualization

Antony and Tania have been on a few dates and greatly enjoyed each other's company. As they spend more time together, both have started to share more about their hopes, professional goals, and past. Antony and Tania are engaging in ______.

self-disclosure

Sexting is ______.

sending nude photos, videos, or explicit messages

Because humans often partner with a single mate for years at a time, but also mate with more than one partner over the life course, they may be described as ______.

serially monogamous

In the recent past, partner selection focused primarily on ______.

sharing life in an intimate couple

Faiza goes to Kelci for advice about dating. Kelci explained to Faiza that her last romantic relationship ended due to phubbing. Based on Kecli's advice, how will Faiza behave on the upcoming date?

she will put her cell phone away

falling for more than one person at a time

simultaneous love

Cornita grew up with four older brothers. In school, she found it difficult to relate to other girls in her classroom because she was not interested in the things they were interested in. Boys would let her play with them until she won something, but then they'd say "no girls allowed." Girls would make fun of her clothes because she preferred loose-fitting clothing she could climb and jump in. Finally, Cornita changed her dress in order to fit in better with other girls in her class. Which theory of gender socialization does Cornita's experience align with?

social learning

Controlling behavior during a relationship is predictive of ______.

stalking

repeated pursuit of a target victim that threatens their safety

stalking

For the most part, prenuptial agreements are ______.

standard operating procedure

Which of the following is an example of shifting views of gender identities within society?

states allowing nonbinary markers on driver's licenses

Which of the following consequences of traditional male role socialization leads to lower life expectancy?

suppressing feelings

Which choice is an example of risky behavior that is commonly displayed by individuals in love?

taking up smoking because your partner smokes

Which is the strongest predictor of a marriage ending in divorce?

teen marriage

Dan and Michelle spent the last 3 years of college in a relationship, but lived in separate dorms segregated by sex. Michelle hopes that moving in together after graduation will help Dan see that they have a long-term future together. Which reason for cohabitation does their situation fit?

testers

The name "Sapphire" is associated with which harmful stereotype levied at Black women?

the Black woman who is loud and angry

The story of David Reimer helps to illustrate which of the following?

the connection between biology and gender identity

Marriage relationships will change as people grow more focused on pursuing ______.

their life's agenda

The couple in the video represents a more traditional way of dating because ______.

they met through a friend and a family member

In the video, Abbie and Joe attribute their cohabitation relationship's success on the fact that ______.

they were able to live as roommates before they moved in together as a couple

Military families are more likely to display ______.

traditional gender roles

Some populations are more vulnerable to intimate partner violence. Which population below is most likely to experience IPV?

transgender individuals

American sensibilities make Americans more likely to confuse the aspects of mature love for "settling."

true

Couples that engage in relationship maintenance through social media experience less love for one another than couples who do not use social media for relationship maintenance.

true

Couples who fall in love at first sight and couples who fall in love gradually over time have similar rates of satisfaction in their marriages.

true

Nonphysical partner abuse can have negative health impacts on an unborn child.

true

Nonsexual emotional ties are more important than sexual connections within polyamorous families.

true

Online dating has allowed some women to feel greater control over their dating life.

true

Partners who fear they are "settling" often have feelings of guilt associated with the relationship.

true

Queer is an inclusive term used by individuals who are not fully described by other identity labels.

true

Someone may present as androgynous regardless of their gender identity.

true

There are more people who report experiences of same-sex attraction than there are people who identify as lesbian, gay, or bisexual.

true

Toy advertisements encourage boys to enact skills and expertise, while girls are encouraged to play at hobbies and domestic care.

true

Within Asian American families, the parent-child relationship is often considered more important than the couple relationship.

true

Women are more likely to experience high satisfaction in LAT relationships than men.

true

Workplaces exert social control over love and relationships.

true

Esther and Jean Paul met in their Intro to Anthroplogy class. Over the course of their relationship, Esther learned that Jean Paul had failed to mention that he used to date his current best friend, Justine. Jean Paul eventually learned that Esther was hiding how poorly she was doing in the class they share together. Esther and Paul's lies are ______.

typical of a college relationship

Cheryl and Shelby have been married for many years. One of Cheryl's biggest frustrations is that when Shelby is angry with her, Shelby assumes that she knows exactly what Cheryl will say so she doesn't even broach the conversation. "Why would I?" Shelby says. "The conversation will only be an argument and I know what you'll say anyway." In this situation, Shelby is failing to ______.

understand her partner's perspective

Sixty-one percent of couples living apart together (LAT) report being ______.

very happy and committed to their partners

Isabelle's grandmother comes over to her apartment for a visit. After her grandmother leaves, Isabelle notices that she smudged out part of her shopping list written on her refrigerator dry erase board. The two items she smudged out were "tampons" and "condoms." What shift in relationship behavior might be responsible for this?

increased comfort in talking about safe sex practices

Which term refers to the tendency for people to select partners who have similar characteristics such as age, background, and education?

homogamy

____ has been used as a powerful tool to police masculinity.

homphobia

Because of the related ______, couples in LATs may have to lower their standard of living.

housing cost

According to Peige in the video, what struggle do people face when looking for dates online?

identifying when someone is being real versus fake

Why do couples like Abbie and Joe decide to cohabit, as explained in the video?

It makes sense financially.

Why is Amber and Jeffrey's relationship rather unique?

It's hard to find a committed partner at such a young age.

What style of dating has Jeffrey noticed among his friends?

They tend to have short, casual relationships.

Darrell and his girlfriend, Marquisha, have been together for 2 years. Marquisha is finishing graduate school. Darrell loves her and knows he wants to marry her, but the small restaurant he opened is not profitable yet. He does not want to propose until the restaurant is in a stronger financial position. Darrell's reason for waiting to marry is best described as ______.

capability of being an economic provider

In Eastern countries, arranged marriage is a(n) ______ occurrence.

commonplace

Which aspect of mate selection supports the notion, "opposites attract"?

complementary-needs theory

Diego loves going on dates, but always finds the first half an hour a difficult chore. Until he finds a rhythm with his date, he finds himself constantly asking himself questions: "Does my shirt look okay? Will he like this restaurant? What if he's vegan and I end up ordering something that offends him?" Usually, this subsides once he and his date have had a chance to connect and laugh together. Diego is experiencing which function of partner involvement?

confirmation of social self

Kara and Lynette have been on four dates and their relationship is moving slowly toward greater commitment and time spent together. For this reason, Kara has disclosed to Lynette that she does not want a monogamous relationship, but would like to continue seeing other people if it feels right to do so. Lynette desires the same arrangement and agrees. Which term is the best descriptor for Kara and Lynette's relationship?

consensual non-monogamy

Which form of relationship, though still low compared to the majority, is on the rise currently?

consensual non-monogamy

What is one way that online dating coaches like Laurie assist single people in finding a romantic partner or date?

enhancing their online profiles to make them more appealing

Which theory explains the love bond that a parent has for an infant child, who cannot reciprocate any benefit or feeling?

evolutionary

Hooking up is predicted to decrease among emerging adults.

false

In order to be regarded as transgender, one must take hormones or have gender confirmation surgery.

false

Jealousy has no desirable outcomes

false

Jealousy is universally experienced across all cultures.

false

Men tend to have a more negative self-concept and less confidence than women.

false

Sociological theories of love emphasize that a primary motivation in life is to be emotionally connected to other people.

false

Myka reminds her partner, Bhavin, that her birthday is coming up next week. Together, they discuss options for how to celebrate but never settle on a particular option. On the day of her birthday, Myka waits for some kind of acknowledgment from Bhavin, but he doesn't mention it at all. When she shares her hurt feelings, Bhavin gets offended and tells Myka that they mutually decided not to celebrate, and that she is "guilt-tripping" him, which makes him feel unloved. This behavior is an example of what common love problem?

gaslighting

Skylar is a coworker who uses they/them pronouns. They have a wide array of styles in their wardrobe--you have seen them at work some days in professional skirts, other days in masculine button-downs and shoes. Understanding that it is not necessary to guess at someone's gender, for the purposes of this test, which term most closely approximates Skylar's gender based on what you know of them?

genderfluid

In the context of this chapter, hanging out refers to ______.

going out with a group with an agenda to meet and have fun

As society becomes more diverse, we should expect ______.

more people will consider lover partnerships with people from different demographic groups

Don approaches relationships with a singular view—how does being with this person benefit me? Don feels it is a waste of time to be with someone who does not benefit him in some way. Which undesirable trait does Don display?

narcissism

In the video, what method of potentially finding a dating partner does Peige think can serve as a sufficient alternative to online dating?

networking and going out

Which of the following is part of the unspoken rules of hooking up?

one should not call or contact their hookup partner after the encounter

The concept of "love at first sight" emphasizes the ______ conditions for love because it suggests that one may fall in love simply based on the appearance of the other person.

physical

Concerns of infidelity, financial instability, and children from a previous relationship are all ______.

reasons for delaying marriage

Amy and Elle have had a fast, fitful relationship. They enjoy being together but have opposite schedules and personalities. Both Amy and Elle's parents are upset and dismayed that their daughters are romantically involved with someone of the same sex. Amy and Elle decide to move in together as a way of asserting the seriousness of their relationship to their disapproving parents. Which reason for cohabitation does their situation fit?

rebellious cohabiters

Hannah received a phone call from a guy in her theatre troupe, Andrew, asking her out on a date. Hannah knows through mutual friends that Andrew's long-term girlfriend just broke up with him 3 weeks ago. Andrew appears to be seeking a(n) ______.

rebound

Though cohabitation is more mainstream now, it was previously pursued only by ______.

risk-takers

Which relationship characteristic fits within the definition of cohabitation?

romantic partners living together

A marriage for escape may provide ______ in the short term but ______ in the long term.

safety; dependence

Benefits of a long-distance relationship may include ______.

stronger communication skills

Family is a gendered institution.

true

Hooking up can refer to anything from kissing to having sex with someone.

true

Which of the following best defines cohabitation?

two adults in a sexual and emotional relationship who live in the same residence