Unit 1 -CIS 231

management information system (MIS

)An organized collection of people, procedures, software, databases, and devices that provides routine information to managers and decision makers.

transaction processing system (TPS

)An organized collection of people, procedures, software, databases, and devices used to process and record business transactions.

Information

A collection of data organized and processed so that it has additional value beyond the value of the individual facts.

Cybercriminal

A computer hacker who is motivated by the potential for monetary gain; cybercriminals hack into computer systems to steal, often by transferring money from one account to another or by stealing and reselling credit card numbers, personal identities, and financial account information.

data warehouse

A database that stores large amounts of historical data in a form that readily supports analysis and management decision making.

Networks

A group or system of connected computers and equipment—in a room, building, campus, city, across the country, or around the world—that enables electronic communication.

organizational complements

A key component that must be in place to ensure successful implementation and use of an information system.

What is knowledge management? How might it be used?

A knowledge management system (KMS) is an organized collection of people, procedures, software, databases, and devices that stores and retrieves knowledge, improves collaboration, locates knowledge sources, captures and uses knowledge, or in some other way enhances the knowledge management process. Consulting firms often use a KMS to capture and provide the collective knowledge of its consultants to one another.

public cloud computing

A means of providing computing services wherein a service provider organization owns and manages the hardware, software, networking, and storage devices, with cloud user organizations (called tenants) accessing slices of shared resources via the Internet.

Extranet

A network based on Web technologies that allows selected outsiders, such as business partners and customers, to access authorized resources of a company's intranet.

World Wide Web (WWW)

A network of links on the Internet to files containing text, graphics, video, and sound.

Internet of Things (IoT)

A network of physical objects or "things" embedded with sensors, processors, software, and network connectivity capability to enable them to exchange data with the manufacturer of the device, device operators, and other connected devices.

Intranet

A network that enables communication, collaboration, search functions, and information sharing between the members of an organization's team using a Web browser.

Internet of Everything (IoE)

A network that encompasses not only machine-to-machine but also people-to-people and people-to-machine connections.

data scientist

A person who understands the business and the business analytics technology, while also recognizing the limitations of their data, tools, and techniques; a data scientist puts all of this together to deliver real improvements in decision making within an organization.

Ethics

A set of beliefs about right and wrong behavior. Ethical behavior conforms to generally accepted social norms—many of which are almost universally accepted.

information system (IS)

A set of interrelated components that collect, process, store, and disseminate data and information; an information system provides a feedback mechanism to monitor and control its operation to make sure it continues to meet its goals and objectives.

Processs

A set of logically related tasks performed to achieve a defined outcome.

Procedure

A set of steps that need to be followed to achieve a specific end result, such as enter a customer order, pay a supplier invoice, or request a current inventory report.

computer-based information system (CBIS)

A single set of hardware, software, databases, networks, people, and procedures that are configured to collect, manipulate, store, and process data into information.

enterprise resource planning (ERP) system

A system that supports an organization's routine business processes, maintains records about those processes, and provides extensive reporting and data analysis capabilities.

Project

A temporary endeavor undertaken to create a unique product, service, or result.

big data

A term used to describe data collections that are so enormous (think petabytes or larger) and complex (from sensor data to social media data) that traditional data management software, hardware, and analysis processes are incapable of dealing with them.

Briefly describe the differences among transaction processing systems, management information systems, and enterprise resource planning systems

A transaction processing system (TPS) is an organized collection of people, procedures, software, databases, and devices used to process and record business transactions. A management information system (MIS) is an organized collection of people, procedures, software, databases, and devices that provides routine information to managers and decision makers. enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems that support their routine business processes, maintain records about those processes, and provide extensive reporting and data analysis capabilities.

Database

A well-designed, organized, and carefully managed collection of data.

business intelligence (BI)

A wide range of applications, practices, and technologies for the extraction, transformation, integration, visualization, analysis, interpretation, and presentation of data to support improved decision making.

Identify and briefly define six characteristics that describe the quality of data.

Accessible Information should be easily accessible by authorized users so they can obtain it in the right format and at the right time to meet their needs. Accurate Accurate information is error free. Complete Complete information contains all the important facts. Economical Information should also be relatively economical to produce. Flexible Flexible information can be used for a variety of purposes. Relevant Relevant information is important to the decision maker.

technology infrastructure

All the hardware, software, databases, networks, people, and procedures that are configured to collect, manipulate, store, and process data into information.

What is an extranet and how is one used?

An extranet is a network based on Web technologies that allows selected outsiders, such as business partners and customers, to access authorized resources of a company's intranet. to order products from their suppliers, track shipped goods, or access customer assistance from other companies

What is an information system? What is the role of feedback in a system?

An information system (IS) is a set of interrelated components that collect, process, store, and disseminate data and information; an information system provides a feedback mechanism to monitor and control its operation to make sure it continues to meet its goals and objectives. The feedback mechanism is critical to helping organizations achieve their goals, such as increasing profits or improving customer service.

enterprise IS

An information system that an organization uses to define structured interactions among its own employees and/or with external customers, suppliers, government agencies, and other business partners.

group IS

An information system that improves communications and support collaboration among members of a workgroup.

personal IS

An information system that improves the productivity of individual users in performing stand-alone tasks.

information silo

An isolated information system not easily capable of exchanging information with other information systems.

What is meant by an organization's technology infrastructure?

An organization's technology infrastructure includes all the hardware, software, databases, networks, people, and procedures that are configured to collect, manipulate, store, and process data into information. The technology infrastructure is a set of shared IS resources that form the foundation of each computer-based information system.

knowledge management system (KMS)

An organized collection of people, procedures, software, databases, and devices that stores and retrieves knowledge, improves collaboration, locates knowledge sources, captures and uses knowledge, or in some other way enhances the knowledge management process.

Transaction

Any business-related exchange such as a payment to an employee, a sale to a customer, or a payment to a supplier.

Define the term "big data."

Big data is a term used to describe data collections that are so enormous (think petabytes or larger) and complex (from sensor data to social media data) that traditional data management software, hardware, and analysis processes are incapable of dealing with them.

Hadley designs and sells custom-made jewelry through an Etsy store. Sales data from previous years have shown her which colors and styles are selling the best and would therefore be smart investments for her next jewelry collection. Hadley is making her decisions based on _________. data science Etsy sales business analytics a management information system

Business Analytics

What is meant by the term "business analytics"? What other terms have been used for business analytics systems?

Business analytics can be simply defined as the extensive use of data and quantitative analysis to support fact-based decision making within organizations. It can be used to gain a better understanding of current business performance, reveal new business patterns and relationships, explain why certain results occurred, optimize current operations, and forecast future business results. Business analytics includes software components for accessing, transforming, storing, analyzing, modeling, and tracking information, as well as components for communicating the results of all that analysis.

_____________ is a computing environment in which a service provider organization owns and manages the hardware, software, networking, and storage devices, with cloud user organizations (called tenants) accessing slices of shared resources via the Internet.

Cloud computing

Hardware

Computer equipment used to perform input, processing, storage, and output activities.

What is the difference between a cybercriminal and a cyberterrorist?

Cybercriminals are motivated by the potential for monetary gain; they hack into computer systems to steal, often by transferring money from one account to another or by stealing and reselling credit card numbers, personal identities, and financial account information. Cyberterrorism is the intimidation of a government or a civilian population by using information technology to disable critical national infrastructure (e.g., energy, transportation, financial, law enforcement, emergency response) to achieve political, religious, or ideological goals.

How is data different from information? How is information different from knowledge?

Data consists of raw facts, such as an employee number, total hours worked in a week, an inventory part number, or the number of units produced on a production line. Information is a collection of data organized and processed so that it has additional value beyond the value of the individual facts.

______is a term used to describe the gulf between those who do and those who don't have access to modern information and communications technology such as smartphones, personal computers, and the Internet.

Digital divide

____________ involves the exchange of money for goods and services over electronic networks, and it encompasses many of an organization's outward-facing processes—such as sales, marketing, order taking, delivery, procurement of goods and services, and customer service—that touch customers, suppliers, and other business partners.

E-commerce

How would you distinguish between e-commerce and e-business?

E-commerce involves the exchange of money for goods and services over electronic networks, and it encompasses many of an organization's outward-facing processes—such as sales, marketing, order taking, delivery, procurement of goods and services, and customer service—that touch customers, suppliers, and other business partners Electronic business (e-business) goes beyond e-commerce by using information systems and networks to perform business-related tasks and functions.

A system that processes and records transactions is known as the management information system (MIS). True or False

False

Net neutrality is the principle that Internet service providers should be required to treat all Internet traffic running over their wired and wireless broadband networks the same, without favoring content from some sources and/or blocking or slowing content from others. True or False

False

A clothing store chain tracks the sale of each product at each location. The ______ of the information permits the managers to use this information to calculate the organization's profits, track inventory needs, and determine which styles and fabrics are the most popular among its customers. accessibility accuracy completeness flexibility

Flexibility

Identify an advantage and a potential disadvantage of using open source software.

For some organizations, these costs can become excessive. As a result, many organizations are turning to open source software, which is software distributed for free, with access permitted to the source code so that it can be studied, changed, and improved by software professionals at the various user organizations—with no maintenance charges. Indeed, the amount and quality of support for open source software is dependent on whether or not there are people, resources, and interest among the user community to develop updates and fix bugs

What is meant by the phrase consumerization of IT?

In some organizations, employees can log on to enterprise app stores to acquire the latest company software and software upgrades. This trend of consumer technology practices influencing the way business software is designed and delivered is called the consumerization of IT.

e-commerce

Involves the exchange of money for goods and services over electronic networks and encompasses many of an organization's outward facing processes—such as sales, marketing, order taking, delivery, procurement of goods and services, and customer service—that touch customers, suppliers, and other business partners.

_____ make up the most important element in computer-based information systems. Software applications People Standard operating procedures Databases

People

When considering the role of business managers in working with IS, it is useful to divide information systems into three types. Name and briefly describe those three types.

Personal IS includes information systems that improve the productivity of individual users in performing stand-alone tasks. Group IS includes information systems that improve communications and support collaboration among members of a workgroup. Enterprise IS includes information systems that organizations use to define structured interactions among their own employees and/or with external customers, suppliers, government agencies, and other business partners.

Data

Raw facts such as an employee number or total hours worked in a week.

Define the term "software." What are the two primary types of software? How are they different?

Software consists of the computer programs that govern the operation of a particular computing device, be it desktop computer, laptop, tablet, smartphone, or some other device. System software oversees basic computer operations such as start-up, controls access to system resources, and manages memory and files. Application software allows you to accomplish specific tasks, including editing text documents, creating graphs, and playing games

open source software

Software that is distributed for free, with access permitted to the source code so that it can be studied, changed, and improved by software professionals at the various user organizations—with no maintenance charges.

Identify the six basic components of any computer-based information system.

Software, Networks, People, Hardware(servers), Procedures, hardware (PC, Fax, Printer, Etc)

An organization's ________________ includes all the hardware, software, databases, networks, people, and procedures that are configured to collect, manipulate, store and process data into information. knowledge management system data structure technology infrastructure information system

Technology Infrastructure

How is the Internet of Everything different from the Internet of Things?

The Internet of Things (IoT) is a network of physical objects or "things" embedded with sensors, processors, software, and network connectivity capability to enable them to exchange data with the manufacturer of the device, device operators, and other connected devices. The Internet of Everything (IoE) encompasses not only machine-to-machine but also people-to-people and people-to-machine connections

system development

The activity of building information systems to meet users' needs.

Knowledge

The awareness and understanding of a set of information and the ways that information can be made useful to support a specific task or reach a decision.

mobile commerce (m-commerce)

The buying and selling of goods and/or services using a mobile device, such as a tablet, smartphone, or other portable device.

Software

The computer programs that govern the operation of a particular computing device, be it desktop, laptop, tablet, smartphone, or some other device.

Internet censorship

The control or suppression of the publishing or accessing of information on the Internet.

business analytics

The extensive use of data and quantitative analysis to support fact-based decision making within organizations.

digital divide

The gulf between those who do and those who don't have access to modern information and communications technology such as smartphones, personal computers, and the Internet.

Cyberterrorism

The intimidation of a government or a civilian population by using information technology to disable critical national infrastructure (e.g., energy, transportation, financial, law enforcement, emergency response) to achieve political, religious, or ideological goals.

net neutrality

The principle that Internet service providers (ISPs) should be required to treat all Internet traffic running over their wired and wireless broadband networks the same—without favoring content from some sources and/or blocking or slowing (also known as throttling) content from others.

extract-transform-load (ETL)

The process by which raw data is extracted from various sources, transformed into a format to support the analysis to be performed, and loaded into the data warehouse.

system acquisition

The process used to obtain the information system resources needed to provide the services necessary to meet a specific set of needs.

consumerization of IT

The trend of consumer technology practices influencing the way business software is designed and delivered.

electronic business (e-business)

The use of information systems and networks to perform business-related tasks and functions beyond those performed for e-commerce.

Identify three specific social issues associated with the use of information systems.

The use of information systems raises a number of ethical, legal, and social issues, including job losses caused by increasingly sophisticated, humanlike systems, invasion of privacy through various data collection programs, freedom of expression versus censorship, and the issues caused by unequal access to computer technology and the Internet.

Internet

The world's largest computer network, consisting of thousands of interconnected networks, all freely exchanging information.

What are the components of a shared vision on which the business and IS organization must agree?

This implies that IS and business managers have a shared vision of where the organization is headed and agree on its key strategies. This shared vision will guide the IS organization in hiring the right people with the correct skills and competencies, choosing the right technologies and vendors to explore and develop, installing the right systems, and focusing on those projects that are needed to move the organization closer to its vision and meeting its mission.

One drawback to ERP software packages is that organizations must purchase and implement the entire package at one time. True or False

True

System acquisition is the process used to obtain the information system resources so that the services necessary to meet a specific set of needs can be delivered. True or False

True

Today's organizations prefer enterprise resources planning (ERP) systems because they support routine business processes, maintain records about those processes, and provide extensive reporting and data analysis capabilities, all of which can be shared across the entire organization. True or False

True

Identify and briefly describe the four key organizational complements that must be in place to ensure successful implementation and use of an information system.

Well-trained workers. Employees must be well trained and understand the need for the new system, what their role is in using or operating the system, and how to get the results they need from the system System support. Trained and experienced users who can show others how to gain value from the system and overcome start-up problems Better teamwork. Employees must understand and be motivated to work together to achieve the anticipated benefits of the system Redesigned processes. New systems often require radical redesign of existing work processes as well as the automation of new processes New decision rights. Employees must understand and accept their new roles and responsibilities including who is responsible for making what decisions. Roles and responsibilities often change with introduction of a new system.

When considering the role of business managers in working with IS, it is useful to divide information systems into these three types: __________ a) enterprise IS, group IS, and personal IS b) small and simple, medium and multifaceted, and large and complex c) operational, tactical, and strategic d) management support, operational, and enterprise systems

a) enterprise IS, group IS, and personal IS

__________ is a collection of raw facts organized and processed so that it has additional value beyond the value of the individual facts. a) Data b) Information c) Knowledge d) Expertise

b) Information

Over time, decision support systems, executive information systems, online analytical processing, business intelligence, and business analytics have gained in capabilities and expanded in scope to add new functionality, but they have all had the goal of _______. a) processing business transactions as rapidly and accurately as possible b) deriving the most value out of the data available c) providing routine information to managers d) enabling the sharing of information across organizations units

b) deriving the most value out of the data available

An IT organization not aligned with the key objectives of the business will______ . a) be recognized as a technology leader in its industry b) find it difficult to even gain management support for its proposed efforts c) be positioned to deliver a series of breakthrough projects d) be viewed as a partner with the business

b) find it difficult to even gain management support for its proposed efforts

A _________ is an organized collection of people, procedures, software, databases, and devices that provides routine information to managers and decision makers. a) transaction processing system (TPS) b) management information system (MIS) c) enterprise resource planning (ERP) system supply chain management system

b) management information system (MIS)

___________are the primary device type used by people around the world to communicate, go online, and access and share information. a) Personal computers b) Laptops c) Smartphones d) Tablets

c) Smartphones

Two quality characteristics that are critical for data used in accounting for the management of company assets, such as cash, inventory, and equipment are _______ a) flexibility and accuracy b) security and relevancy c) accuracy and completeness d) relevancy and economical

c) accuracy and completeness

Which of the following is not a key organizational complement that must be in place to ensure successful implementation and use of the system? a) well-trained workers b) better teamwork c) the latest technology new decision rights

c) the latest technology

What is cloud computing?

cloud computing, a service provider organization owns and manages the hardware, software, networking, and storage devices, with cloud user organizations (called tenants) accessing slices of shared resources via the Internet.

1. The trend of consumer technology practices influencing the way business software is designed and delivered is called the ___________.

consumerization of IT

1. Which of the following statements about computer security is not true? a) Cyberterrorism is an increasing concern for organizations and countries around the globe. b) Information systems provide a new and highly profitable venue for cybercriminals. c) The need for computer security must be balanced against other business needs. d) Educating end users about the risks involved and the actions they must take to prevent a security incident is a not key part of any security program.

d) Educating end users about the risks involved and the actions they must take to prevent a security incident is a not key part of any security program.

The two fundamental strategies for system acquisition are:_________ . a) customize an existing package and acquire open source software b) use a standard software package or customize software c) build software in-house or contract for software d) buy off-the-shelf software or build a custom application

d) buy off-the-shelf software or build a custom application

According to Jim Collins in his book Good to Great, those who build great companies understand that the ultimate throttle on growth for any great company is not markets, or technology, or competition, or products; rather, it is one thing above all others: __________. a) great customers b) great systems c) great leadership d) great people

d) great people

Technology infrastructure includes all the hardware, software, _________, networks, people, and procedures that are configured to collect, manipulate, store, and process data into information.

databases

An organized collection of people, procedures, software, databases, and devices that stores and retrieves knowledge, improves collaboration, locates knowledge sources, and captures and uses knowledge is called a ______________.

knowledge management system

Which of these systems would be used to provide monthly production figures to a production manager? enterprise resource planning (ERP) system management information system (MIS) transaction processing system (TPS) decision support system (DSS)

management information system (MIS)

Turning data into information is a ___________, or a set of logically related tasks performed to achieve a defined outcome.

process

What is the extract-transform-load process?

the extract-transform-load (ETL) process, raw data is extracted from various sources, transformed into a format that will support the analysis to be performed, and then loaded into the data warehouse.