Unit 1 Quiz (Answers)

Q7: How many different sequences that are 4 bases long can you make with the 4 nucleotides A, C, T, and G?

[] 16 [] 4 [] 10^17 [x] 256

Q15: Which of the following is an ion?

[] H2O [] O2 [] H2 [x] Na+ note: The positive sodium ion, Na+, is an ion. Any atom with a charge, positive or negative, is an ion.

Q12: Which of the following is TRUE about human evolution?

[] Humans evolved from chimpanzees. [x] Humans and chimpanzees share a more recent common ancestor than the common ancestor of humans and worms. [] Humans are no longer evolving [] Humans and worms do not share a common ancestor

Q25: When Lori was diagnosed with breast cancer, the doctor recommended a lumpectomy followed by radiation therapy. Lori underwent the prescribed treatment recommended by the doctor. However, she also continued to eat lots of fruits and vegetables, walk three miles every day, and complete a daily yoga practice. Within about three months Lori was cancer-free. Afterward, Lori told everyone that her healthy lifestyle has helped to cure her. Is this conclusion reasonable given the circumstances?

[] No, a healthy diet and exercise regimen can never help cure cancer. [] Yes, the healthy diet and exercise regimen definitely helped to cure her. [x] No, there are too many confounding factors to know exactly what happened. [] Yes, this evidence very strongly supports the hypothesis that a healthy diet and exercise regimen probably helped to cure her.

Q17: A friend claims that infection with COVID-19 is not any worse than getting the flu. He reminds you that the scientists keep changing their minds about the main ways that the virus spreads; either through contaminated surfaces, through the air, or by being in close contact with someone who is infectious. If they can't make up their minds, why should he believe them? Based on what you learned in BIS10, you remind your friend that:

[] Their disagreements mean they are probably wrong. The fact that the scientists can't agree means that the virus is probably not as infectious as some people think. [] Their disagreements are normal. So I just believe the scientists who work at the more prestigious universities than others. [] Their disagreements mean that most are probably wrong. In fact, I heard one scientist who said the virus is only infectious in older people. [x] Their disagreements are normal. It's a new virus and scientists are learning and revising their knowledge and some ideas will be ruled out over time.

Q18: What can be deduced by referring to the graph pictured? (picture on Canvas)

[] There is a cause-and-effect relationship that exists between consuming organic food and developing autism. [] The more organic food that you consume, the more likely you are to have autism. [x] Between 1998 and 2007, there was a positive correlation between the sale of organic foods and the number of individuals diagnosed with autism. [] Consuming organic food definitely causes autism. note: Although there is a positive correlation between the sale of organic food and the number of diagnosed cases of autism between 1998 and 2007, this data does not clearly establish causation of autism by consumption of organic food.

Q24: In a covalent bond, a positively charged atom sticks to a negatively charged atom because of attraction between opposite charges.

[] True [x] False

Q23: Most of the funding for academic biological research in the United States comes from:

[] Wealthy individuals [] International sources [] Private companies [x] The government

Q11: What does a universal tree of life tell us?

[] What common ancestors looked like. [] How many species have gone extinct. [x] How distantly organisms are related to each other. [] Which proteins are homologous.

Q21: Carbon can form many different kinds of complex molecules because

[] carbon atoms tend to make ionic bonds [] one carbon atom has two valence electrons in its outer shell [] carbon is polar [x] one carbon atom can bond with up to four other atoms, including other carbon atoms note: a carbon atom has four valence electrons in its outer shell, which allows it to bond with up to four other atoms. This allows carbon to form chains and more complex, branched molecules.

Q4: A scientific hypothesis must be potentially _________. It must lead to predictions that can be clearly determined to be correct or incorrect.

[] controlled [x] falsifiable [] variable [] analytical note: A hypothesis must be refutable and precise enough to make predictions that can be tested.

Q6: A small number of different monomers (basic building blocks) can create a complexity / diversity through ___________.

[] ionic bonds [x] polymerization [] hydrophobic effect [] hydrogen bonds

Q13: Cells are composed of compartmentalized organelles that perform different functions. The type of biomolecule that is key to forming cellular compartments are:

[] nucleic acids [x] lipids [] carbohydrates [] proteins

Q3: In science, a group of related hypotheses that have been confirmed time and again through many diverse lines of investigation by independent researchers are pulled together under a unifying

[] question [x] theory [] prediction [] hypothesis Note: A hypothesis is based on observations of the natural world and logic; it can be tested by experimentation or by collecting further information. A theory requires substantial confirmation through multiple lines of investigation by independent researchers and can explain the interrelated nature of a group of hypotheses.

Q8: Homology is similarity due to:

[] same environmental conditions [x] descent from a common ancestor [] same shape [] common function

Q19: Which of the following is NOT a common property of pseudoscience?

[x] It is supported by data from experiments designed to test its primary hypotheses [] It is based on ideas or claims that cannot be tested [] It is supported by personal anecdotes [] It has a conclusion that sounds appealing

Q10: Research on mice can give us insights into disease in humans.

[x] True [] False

Q5: Lipid membranes are an example of self-organization in biology.

[x] True [] False

Q9: Squid and octopus are closely related types of animals that both have suction cups. They also probably have homologous proteins that are part of cells in the suction cups.

[x] True [] False

Q14: Which of the following is NOT a property of water that makes it well suited to be a central molecule in biology?

[x] Water interacts equally with both polar and nonpolar molecules. [] Water stays in a liquid state over a large range of temperatures. [] Water is a good solvent. [] Water drives the formation of membranes through the hydrophobic effect.

Q22: Is it important for scientists to communicate their results to fellow scientists?

[x] Yes. The quality and accuracy of the scientific work can be enhanced by input, further review, and possibly even repetition by other scientists working in the same field. [] No. There is no reason for scientists to communicate their results to fellow scientists. [] Yes. Scientists want to receive recognition and monetary reward for their work. [] No. Communication between scientists is discouraged because it can confuse the details of the experiments.

Q20: Sodium chloride (NaCl) dissolves well in water because it

[x] has charges that allow it to interact with water [] and water are excellent solutes [] has the same mass as water [] is a nonpolar compound note: Water is a polar molecule that interacts well with other substances with full and partial charges. In sodium chloride, the sodium ion has a full positive charge that interacts with the partial negative charges on oxygen atoms. The partially positively charged hydrogen atoms of the water molecule interact with the negative chloride ion.

Q2: Which is NOT true about the textbook for BIS10:

[x] includes biological examples that should be memorized for exams [x] can be used to study for exams in place of the lecture material [] is a required part of the course [] is provided to reinforce course learning goals and help prepare you to understand the lectures

Q16: Bacterial cells have a membrane made up of lipids and proteins. Plant cells, fungal cells, and animal cells possess a membrane made up of lipids and proteins. Based on this pattern , I hypothesize that all life on Earth is made up of cells that have membranes composed of lipids and proteins. This is an example of:

[x] inductive reasoning [] deductive reasoning [] falsification [] magical thinking

Q26: Nonpolar molecules that are repelled by water are known as __________ molecules.

hydrophobic