Unit 1 Review Test

What is the significant difference between quantitative and qualitative data?

Qualitative data cannot be counted

What does Benjamin Whorf 's research with the Hopi, a Native American group in the southwestern United States, suggest about language?

The human brain is hardwired for organizing language in a universal manner.

Archaeology, the study of cultures in the human past, focuses on

any human material remains

Anthropologists have uncovered evidence of vast trade networks throughout the entire continent of North America that long predate the arrival of Europeans. The exchange of cultural traits that can occur through such material exchanges is called

diffusion

An anthropologist writes an ethnography of coal miners in West Virginia purely from their own "insider's" point of view. What perspective is the anthropologist using?

emic

Margaret Mead's fieldwork in Samoa was controversial in part because she examined sexual freedom, and considered sexual behavior to be rooted in

enculturation

In late-nineteenth-century debates on immigration in the United States, many scholars and government officials privileged northern European immigrants over southern Europeans, such as Italians and Greeks, whom they saw as a separate and inferior biological race with primitive ways. This is an example of

ethnocentrism

Aliyah is an anthropologist who uses social media to study how relationships evolve over time. Specifically, she is interested in how people ascribe social meaning to "friending" and "unfriending" people on social networking platforms and how these words developed. What kind of language is she studying?

focal vocabulary

Which of the following is defined as the ability to create consent and agreement within a population, sometimes unconsciously, by shaping what people think is normal, natural, and possible?

hegemony

Franz Boas (1858-1942) rejected unilineal cultural evolution, instead suggesting that different cultures arise as the result of very different causes and will vary widely. What do we call his approach?

historical particularism

What might an anthropologist who is interested in kinesics study?

how body language varies across cultures

Human beings have long been migrants, moving themselves, their material goods, and even ideas from one part of the world to another. What makes this process, which is now called globalization, seem so different today than in the past?

intensification

What is considered the most distinctive feature of being human?

language

It is often said that the native Aztecs mistook the Spanish conquistadors for gods. The Nahuatl word that they used, teotl, does means "god," but it also means "demon" or "god impersonator" (someone intended for sacrifice). This illustrates how language is organized into categories that

may not make sense to members of other groups with different cultural realities

Ken Guest studies a community in New York's Chinatown and another in Fuzhou, China, that are linked by migration. What term best describes his research?

multisited ethnography

Ten-year-old Davi is getting dressed to go to a wedding at a synagogue. When his parents see that he's wearing jeans and a T-shirt, they tell him that he needs to wear a suit instead. What are Davi's parents teaching him?

norms

Ancient rift valleys and deep caves often contain human fossils that can provide clues about human evolution and the lives of our ancestors. What do we call an anthropologist who only studies the human evolutionary aspect of fossils?

paleoanthropologist

In an age of intensifying globalization, ethnographic research continues to provide a deep understanding of informants' everyday lives and cultures, due in large part to the continued use of what specific part of the anthropologist's toolkit?

participant observation

When studying abroad, Shelby talks about racial categories in the United States. Her new friends from other countries are surprised and say that racial categories based on visible differences such as skin color are different in their countries. Shelby remembers from her anthropology class that racial categorization can be explained by

people's mental maps of reality

The words "day" and "pay" might sound like the same word to a nonnative speaker of English, but they have very different meanings. A linguist would identify the "d" and "p" sounds as different _________. syntax.

phonemes

Attempts to document Native American cultures that anthropologists feared would disappear with the westward expansion of settlers are called salvage ethnography. This method involves

rapidly gathering available material and key interviews

What did Bronislaw Malinowski specifically encourage fellow anthropologists to do in his guidelines?

take time to learn the local language of the people being studied

Like the "N-word," the term "queer" changes in meaning, depending on how it is used and by whom. These examples illustrate which concept in linguistic anthropology?

the implications of how deeply language and power intersect

Global poverty has risen dramatically over the past twenty years, and anthropologists generally consider it a sign of:

uneven development

The introduction of global communication methods mean that anthropologists' work is now read by new audiences worldwide. What implications does this have with respect to writing and publishing ethnography?

Anthropologists must consider that members of informant communities may read their publications and that they will expect their communities to be accurately portrayed and their concerns appropriately expressed.

Which of the following describes how anthropologists describe the primary way humans adapt to and manipulate their physical and social environments, in light of the human evolutionary past?

Cultural adaptation has mostly replaced genetic adaptation

The concept of culture is a very recent idea and was actually developed by

Edward Burnett Tylor's work in England.

What is one key aspect in how we understand the idea of culture?

Humans are constantly learning culture over the lifespan.

An anthropologist conducts ethnographic research on the lives of undocumented immigrant families. How might the anthropologist justify publishing intimate and potentially incriminating details about the subjects?

The researcher must have obtained informed consent and ensured the anonymity of the subjects.

What is American Sign Language (ASL) an example of?

a language