Unit 11 Review

The Stanford-Binet and WAIS have reliability of about

+.9(really high)

Four emotional intelligence components

- The ability to perceive - The ability to understand - The ability to manage - The ability to use emotions

IQ=17/17 x 100(IQ=100) 19/17 x 100, what is the IQ?

112

An 8 year old has a mental age of 10, what is her IQ?

125

A 12 year old has the mental age of 9, what is his IQ?

75

A condition of limited mental ability, indicated by both an intelligence score of 70 or below and difficulty in adapting to the demands of life.

Intellectual disability

The ability to learn from experience, solve problems, and use knowledge to adapt to new situations.

Intelligence

German psychologist William Stern derived the _________________________

Intelligence quotient(iq)

Testing as a method for assessing an individual's mental aptitudes and comparing them with others using numerical scores

Intelligence testing

A method for assessing an individual's mental aptitudes and comparing them with others using numerical scores

Intelligence tests

- One of Spearman's early opponents - Analyzed his subjects NOT on a single scale of general intelligence, but on seven clusters of primary mental abilities, including: 1. Word Fluency 2. Verbal comprehension 3. Spatial Ability 4. Perceptual speed 5. Numerical Ability 6. Inductive Reasoning 7. Memory. - Later psychologists analyzed his data and found those who excelled in one of the seven clusters generally scored well on the others, suggesting some evidence of a g factor.

L.L Thurstone

Stanford University professor ______________ adapted Binet's test for use as a numerical measure of inherited intelligence

Lewis Terman

Those whose intelligence test scores fall at 70 or below

Low extreme of intelligence

The chronological age that corresponds to the level of performance on an intelligence test

Mental age

Formula for intelligence quotient(iq)

A person's mental age divided by chronological age and multiplied by 100

Intended to reflect what you have learned(assess current performance) Ex: driver's license exams

Achievement tests

Type of intelligence: academic problem-solving and assessed by intelligence tests- have a single right answer

Analytical intelligence

It takes 10 years of intense, daily practice to be an expert in a field or ability.

Anders Ericsson- 10 year rule

Intended to predict your ability to learn a new skill(assess future performance) Ex: ACT

Aptitude tests

Those who score above average on tests of mathematical aptitude are also likely to score above average on tests of verbal aptitude. According to Spearman, this best illustrates the importance of... A. Predictive validity B. The g factor C. Factor analysis

B. The g factor

Eight-year-old John performs at a level of an average 10 year old on an intelligence test. According to Binet, what is John's mental age? A. 8 B. 9 C. 10 D. 11

C. 10

According to the original Stanford-Binet, a 10-year-old with a proficiency typical of an average 11-year-old would have an IQ of? A. 90 B. 100 C. 110 D. 120

C. 110

Which psychologist first disagreed with Spearman about the nature of intelligence, and identified 7 clusters of mental abilities? A. Howard Gardner B. Robert Sternberg C. L.L Thurstone

C. L.L Thurstone

-Believed we have one general intelligence(g) - Helped developed factor analysis

Charles Spearman

Intelligence is a _______, not a thing. In research studies, intelligence is whatever the intelligence test measures.

Concept

The test measures what they are supposed to measure Ex: units tests in a class

Content validity

Type of intelligence: is demonstrated in reacting to novel(new) situations and generating novel(new/fresh) ideas

Creative intelligence

Our accumulated knowledge as reflected in vocabulary and analogies tests increases up to old age

Crystallized intelligence

- Howard Gardner is concerned that emotional intelligence stretches the concept of intelligence too far - We need to respect emotional sensitivity, creativity, and motivation as important, but different. - If we stretch "intelligence" to include everything we prize and it will lose its meaning.

EQ criticisms

Proposed another distinction from academic intelligence is social intelligence in 1920

Edward Thorndike

A critical part of social intelligence is the ability to perceive, understand, manage, and use emotions.

Emotional intelligence(EQ)

Gardner has speculated a 9th possible intelligence, the ability to "ponder large questions about life, death, and existence."

Existential intelligence

A statistical procedure that identifies clusters of related items

Factor analysis

When we refer to someone's IQ as if it were ___(like someone's height or shoe size), we commit a reasoning error called reification.

Fixed

Our ability to reason speedily and abstractly- solving logic problems, decreases slowly up to age 75, then more rapidly after age 85.

Fluid intelligence

-Over time intelligence test performance has been improving across the globe -To keep the average score near 100, intelligence testing requires up-to-date standardization samples. -James Flynn=first calculated this phenomenon

Flynn Effect

Those who score high in one area(verbal intelligence) typically score higher than average in other areas(spatial or reasoning ability) illustrates the importance of the

G factor

- Linguistic - Logical-Mathematical - Musical - Spatial - Bodily- kinesthetic - Intrapersonal(self) - Interpersonal(other people) - Naturalist

Gardner's Eight Intelligences

The variation in intelligence test scores attributable to genetic factors- ranges from 50% to 80% -This does not mean your genes are responsible for 50% of your intelligence. It means we credit heredity with 50-80% of the variation in intelligence among people being studied.

Heritability

Those who intelligence test scores fall at 135 or above

High extreme of intelligence

- Supports Thurstone's idea that intelligence comes in multiple forms - Notes that brain damage may diminish one type of ability but not others, or destroy one ability of intelligence, but leaves others intact. - Argues that we do not have an intelligence, but multiple intelligences.

Howard Gardner

Mental number of intelligence

IQ

If environments become more equal, the heritability of intelligence would ______________.

Increase

Group members' scores typically are distributed in a bell-shaped pattern that forms the _____________

Normal curve

Taking the scores from the same test and graphing them. With a large sample of data, the normal curve usually results.

Norming

Today, current intelligence tests represent the test taker's performance relative to the average performance of _____ the same age. Most fall between 85-115; average=100.

Others

___________________=mental age

Performance level

Type of intelligence: required for everyday tasks with multiple solutions and multiple skills in a profession to be successful

Practical intelligence

Should predict future performance(to some extent, they do)

Predictive validity

Created the most widely used intelligence test- the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale(WAIS) and a version for school-age children-the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children(WISC)

Psychologist David Wechsler

Viewing an abstract, immaterial concept as it were a concrete thing.

Reification

Yielding dependent consistent scores

Reliability

- He agreed there is more to success than traditional general intelligence- he suggested some of Gardner's intelligences are better viewed as individual talents - Proposed what he refers to as "successful intelligence" which is comprised of three different factors: - Analytical intelligence - Creative intelligence - Practical intelligence

Robert Sternberg's Three Intelligences- Triarchic Theory

A nineteenth century scientist that believed that intelligence is biologically inherited

Sir Francis Galton

The knowledge involved in interpreting social situations and managing oneself successfully

Social intelligence

Researchers check a test's reliability by splitting the test in half and see whether odd-question scores and even-question scores are similar

Split-half scoring

-To evaluate test performance, psychologists need a basis for comparing it with others' performance- when you give the test to a representative sample of people, then the score can be compared with the sample's scores. -This process of defining meaningful scores relative to a pretested group=____________________ -Standardizing involves testing in conditions that are similar as possible(taking standardized tests in the same school, same time, same test, etc...)

Standardization

To be widely accepted, psychological tests must be _____________

Standardized

High test reliability does not ensure a ____ validity

Test's

Researchers retesting people to check a test's reliability and may use the same test

Test-retest

To know how to express them in varied situations

The ability to manage

To recognize emotion in faces, music, and stories.

The ability to perceive

To predict them and how they change and blend

The ability to understand

To enable adaptive or creative thinking

The ability to use emotions

The extent to which the test actually measures or predicts what it promises

Validity

-15 subtests broken into verbal and performance areas -The test produces an overall intelligence score and separate scores for verbal comprehension, perceptual organization, working memory and processing speed. -Can provide clues to cognitive&weaknesses that teachers, counselors, social workers or therapists can build upon.

Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale(WAIS)

Heritability never pertains to an individual, only to _______________________ from one another.

Why people differ

Problem with IQ

Worked well with children, but not for adults- a 60-year-old who does as well on a test as a 20-year-old would only have an IQ of 33.