Unit 13 Practice Questions

The main cause of decubitus ulcers (bedsores) is _______ that impairs the flow of blood and lymph. A) external pressure B) shearing forces C) tissue edema D) thrombosis

A) external pressure

Dark skin tone is genetically determined and is primarily the result of: A) high production of melanin. B) dense distribution of melanosomes. C) superficial distribution of melanocytes. D) high levels of tyrosinase.

A) high production of melanin.

Which of the following disorders of the skin is most likely to respond to treatment with systemic antibiotics? A) Acne vulgaris B) Urticaria C) Atopic dermatitis D) Verrucae

A) Acne vulgaris

Which of the following characteristics differentiates apocrine sweat glands from eccrine sweat glands? A) Apocrine secretions contain oils. B) Apocrine secretions help maintain skin pH. C) Apocrine glands are more numerous and widely distributed than eccrine glands. D) Apocrine glands are primarily thermoregulatory .

A) Apocrine secretions contain oils.

Which of the following skin lesions is categorized as a type of blister? A) Bulla B) Wheal C) Nodule D) Plaque

A) Bulla

What neoplasm of the skin is associated with the poorest prognosis? A) Malignant melanoma B) Basal cell carcinoma C) Intraepidermal squamous cell carcinoma D) Invasive squamous cell carcinoma

A) Malignant melanoma

A 5-year-old girl has been presented for care by her father due to her recent development of macules on her trunk, extremities, and mucous membranes. The child is mildly febrile but her primary symptom is extreme pruritus. What disorder of the skin should the clinician who is assessing the child first suspect? A) Varicella B) Lichen planus C) Rosacea D) Impetigo

A) Varicella

The basal lamina, between the epidermis and dermis, is involved in skin disorders that cause: A) blister formation. B) conical projections. C) prickle cell lesions. D) hyperpigmentation.

A) blister formation.

Dry, itchy plaques on her elbows and knees have prompted a 23-year-old woman to seek care. The clinician has subsequently diagnosed the patient with psoriasis, a disorder that results from: A) increased epidermal cell turnover. B) an IgE-mediated immune reaction. C) hormonal influences on sebaceous gland activity. D) human papillomaviruses (HPV).

A) increased epidermal cell turnover.

Dysplastic nevi are precursors of malignant melanoma that are: A) larger than other nevi. B) oval epidermal nests. C) dermal cords of cells. D) brown rounded papules.

A) larger than other nevi.

In addition to keratinocytes, the epidermis has _____ cells that protect against damage from ultraviolet radiation. A) melanocyte B) Langerhans C) subcutaneous D) protein granule

A) melanocyte

Papulosquamous dermatoses, such as psoriasis, are a group of skin disorders characterized by: A) scaling papules. B) granular scabbing. C) raised red borders. D) nodular ulcerations.

A) scaling papules.

Manifestations of superficial dermatophytosis of the skin include: A) scaling. B) erythema. C) vesicles. D) infiltration.

A) scaling.

The basement membrane between the epidermis and dermis provides for adhesion and serves as a: A) selective filter. B) nutritional source. C) ground substance. D) pressure receptor.

A) selective filter.

Sebaceous glands secrete sebum, which is a: A) skin lubricant. B) fibrous protein. C) watery secretion. D) nutritional source.

A) skin lubricant.

Which one of the following skin disorders seen in elderly persons is considered a premalignant lesion? A) Cherry angiomas B) Actinic keratosis C) Solar lentigines D) Telangiectases

B) Actinic keratosis

Which of the following statements about the structure of the skin is correct? A) Nerve fibers originate in the dermis and terminate in the stratum corneum of the epidermis. B) All five layers of the epidermis lack a blood supply. C) The epidermis is composed of connective tissue. D) The dermis is composed of skeletal muscle tissue.

B) All five layers of the epidermis lack a blood supply.

Due to the increasing dryness of her skin in recent years, a 70-year-old woman has needed to reduce the number of baths that she takes. Which of the following factors has resulted in this age-related change in skin function? A) Slower keratinization B) Changes in sebaceous secretions C) Dehydration of epidermal cells D) Increased production of bile salts

B) Changes in sebaceous secretions

What is physiologic basis for albinism? A) Accelerated keratinization B) Lack of tyrosinase C) Lichenification D) Separation of the epidermis from the dermis

B) Lack of tyrosinase

A 79-year-old patient has been confined to bed after a severe hemorrhagic stroke that has caused hemiplegia. Which of the following measures should his care team prioritize in the prevention of pressure ulcers? A) Prophylactic antibiotics B) Repositioning the patient on a scheduled basis C) Applying protective dressings to vulnerable areas D) Parenteral nutrition

B) Repositioning the patient on a scheduled basis

A 44-year-old man has been brought to the emergency department by emergency medical services with severe electrical burns resulting from a workplace accident. The most immediate threat to this patients survival at this time is: A) infection. B) hemodynamic instability. C) acute pain. D) decreased protein synthesis and impaired healing.

B) hemodynamic instability.

Pruritus, a symptom common of many skin disorders, is a(an): A) temporary rash. B) itching sensation. C) nociceptor response. D) result of repeated scratching.

B) itching sensation.

Warts develop when _____ are invaded by human papillomavirus (HPV). A) melanocytes B) keratinocytes C) sebaceous glands D) subcutaneous cells

B) keratinocytes

Lichenification is caused by: A) epidermal breakage. B) repeated scratching. C) chronic area pressure. D) decreased skin shedding.

B) repeated scratching.

A yeast-like Candida albicans fungal infection can be differentiated from a tinea fungal infection by the presence of: A) circular patches. B) satellite lesions. C) fungal spores. D) raised borders.

B) satellite lesions.

The pilosebaceous unit of the skin consists of: A) eccrine secretions. B) sebaceous glands. C) keratinized plates. D) connective tissues.

B) sebaceous glands.

A mans winter vacation to a tropical destination has been accompanied by repeated sunburns. What process accounts for the damaging effects of the suns radiation? A) Initiation of an autoimmune response B) Compensatory increases in melanin production C) Damage to epidermal cell DNA and free radical production D) Hyperkeratinization and the formation of microscopic, subcutaneous lesions

C) Damage to epidermal cell DNA and free radical production

Cells that form a network to bind and process antigens in the epidermis are known as: A) Merkel cells. B) reticular dermis. C) Langerhans cells. D) dermal dendrocytes.

C) Langerhans cells.

Which of the following actions involves the greatest risk of skin shearing? A) Inserting a peripheral intravenous catheter B) Rolling the patient from a supine to side-lying position C) Pulling the patient up in bed D) Helping the patient ambulate after surgery

C) Pulling the patient up in bed

Mitosis that results in the production of new epidermal cells occurs in which of the following layers of the epidermis? A) Stratum lucidum B) Stratum granulosum C) Stratum germinativum D) Stratum spinosum

C) Stratum germinativum

Which of the following skin disorders is likely to result from the localized lack of melanin production by melanocytes? A) Rash B) Bullae C) Vitiligo D) Melasma

C) Vitiligo

Allergic and hypersensitivity dermatoses are characterized by: A) target lesions. B) dark erythema. C) epidermal edema. D) silver-white scale.

C) epidermal edema.

Onychomycosis initially causes the toenail to appear ____ as the fungus digests the nail keratin. A) black B) cracked C) opaque D) eroded

C) opaque

A 22-year-old male college student has presented to his campus medical clinic distraught at the emergence of numerous small blisters on the shaft of his penis. On examination, the clinician notes that the lesions are between 2 and 4 mm in diameter and are filled with serous fluid. The clinician would document the presence of: A) pustules. B) macules. C) vesicles. D) papules.

C) vesicles.

A patient has been admitted to the intensive care unit of the hospital after developing toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) consequent to the administration of a sulfonamide antibiotic. What pathophysiologic phenomenon is likely the greatest immediate threat to this patients health? A) The development of bacterial cellulitis on compromised skin surfaces B) Fluid and electrolyte imbalances resulting from the loss skin integrity C) A cascading autoimmune response that may result in shock D) The presence of diffuse lesions and skin sloughing on the patients mucous membranes

D) The presence of diffuse lesions and skin sloughing on the patients mucous membranes

Most of the bodys hair follicles are paired with: A) a Langerhans cell. B) an eccrine sweat gland. C) a nerve ending. D) a sebaceous gland.

D) a sebaceous gland.

The transition of a melanoma from radial growth to vertical growth is associated with: A) failure of the integrity of the basement membrane. B) involvement of the nonkeratinizing cells. C) spontaneous resolution. D) an increased risk of metastasis.

D) an increased risk of metastasis.

Unlike hair, nails grow: A) strata. B) outward. C) cyclically. D) continuously.

D) continuously.

A thermal burn described as involving the entire epidermis and dermis is classified as: A) full third-degree. B) deep first-degree. C) partial second-degree. D) full-thickness second-degree.

D) full-thickness second-degree.

The _______ are the skin structures that become inflamed in acne. A) follicular bulbs B) dermal papillae C) apocrine glands D) sebaceous glands

D) sebaceous glands