Unit 14: Mod 74-80 Quizzes
According to Milgram, the most fundamental lesson to be learned from his study of obedience is that
even ordinary people, who are not usually hostile, can become agents of destruction
High rates of violence are most common among those who experience minimal levels of
father care
Comparisons of identical and fraternal twins highlight the impact of ________ on aggression.
genetic influences
If the political conservatism of students who join fraternities and sororities is greater than that of students who do not, the gap in the political attitudes of the two groups will probably widen as they progress through college. This would be best explained in terms of
group polarization
Only when experimental participants were informed that a woman was raped did they perceive the woman's behavior as inviting rape. This best illustrates that victim-blaming is fueled by
hindsight bias
Prejudice can be not only subtle but also automatic and unconscious. This is best illustrated in studies of
implicit attitudes
People are especially likely to demonstrate the fundamental attribution error in cultures that value
individualism
During a Girl Scout picnic, Lavinia was randomly selected to be on one baseball team and Carla on the opposing team. Before the game started, Lavinia and Carla were each convinced that their own team was the better one. The girls' beliefs best illustrate
ingroup bias
Which of the following is true of non-Western cultures, as compared with Western cultures? They have
lower divorce rates and consider passionate love as less important for marriage.
Women are attracted to healthy-looking men, but especially to those who seem to be
mature.
The rules of a culture for accepted and expected behavior are
norms
Those who study cultural influences on behavior are most likely to highlight the importance of
norms
In an experiment by Donald Dutton and Arthur Aron, one group of men were asked by an attractive woman to complete a short questionnaire immediately after they had crossed a swaying footbridge suspended 230 feet above the Capilano River. This experiment was designed to study the factors that contribute to
passionate love.
Those who feel socially pressured sometimes assert their freedom by doing the opposite of what is socially expected. This best illustrates
personal control
What determined whether college freshmen who had been randomly paired for a Welcome Week dance liked each other?
physical attractiveness
The mere exposure effect most directly contributes to the positive relationship between ________ and liking.
proximity
Philip Zimbardo devised a simulated prison and randomly assigned college students to serve as prisoners or guards. This study best illustrated the impact of
role-playing on attitudes
Which theory suggests that altruistic behavior is governed by calculations of rewards and costs?
social exchange theory
Comedy routines that are mildly amusing to people in an uncrowded room seem funnier in a densely packed room. This is best explained in terms of
social facilitation
Which branch of psychology is most directly concerned with the study of how people think about, influence, and relate to one another?
social psychology
Which of the following is most likely to help us empathize with others?
the chameleon effect
A tendency to overestimate the extent to which a stranger's violent behavior stems from his or her aggressive personality best illustrates
the fundamental attribution error
Mr. Ignatenko thinks that most unemployed people are to blame for their own misfortune. His belief best illustrates a potential consequence of
the just-world phenomenon
A social trap is a situation in which
the pursuit of self-interest leads to collective harm
Two friends quarreled over possession of a single orange without realizing that one of them simply wanted orange juice and the other simply wanted the orange peel to make a cake. This classic episode best illustrates that people sometimes fail to recognize
win-win solutions
The Milgram obedience experiments were controversial because the
"teachers" were deceived and frequently subjected to stress
The value of social conformity is most likely to be emphasized in
Japan
Politicians who publicly oppose a tax increase that they privately favor best illustrate that
actions may sometimes be inconsistent with attitudes
A soldier who intentionally kills a dangerous enemy combatant most clearly illustrates
aggression
Ostracism has been observed to intensify
aggression
Research on the biology of aggression has clearly demonstrated that
animals can be bred for aggressiveness
Which of the following would be most consistent with a GRIT strategy?
announcing that defense expenditures will be cut by 5 percent and inviting the enemy to do likewise
Prejudice is a(n) ________; discrimination is a(n) ________.
attitude; behavior
Diffusion of responsibility often plays an important role in the
bystander effect
In Milgram's first study of obedience, the majority of "teachers" who were ordered to shock a "learner"
complied fully and delivered the highest level of shock