Unit 14: Mod 74-80 Quizzes

According to Milgram, the most fundamental lesson to be learned from his study of obedience is that

even ordinary people, who are not usually hostile, can become agents of destruction

High rates of violence are most common among those who experience minimal levels of

father care

Comparisons of identical and fraternal twins highlight the impact of ________ on aggression.

genetic influences

If the political conservatism of students who join fraternities and sororities is greater than that of students who do not, the gap in the political attitudes of the two groups will probably widen as they progress through college. This would be best explained in terms of

group polarization

Only when experimental participants were informed that a woman was raped did they perceive the woman's behavior as inviting rape. This best illustrates that victim-blaming is fueled by

hindsight bias

Prejudice can be not only subtle but also automatic and unconscious. This is best illustrated in studies of

implicit attitudes

People are especially likely to demonstrate the fundamental attribution error in cultures that value

individualism

During a Girl Scout picnic, Lavinia was randomly selected to be on one baseball team and Carla on the opposing team. Before the game started, Lavinia and Carla were each convinced that their own team was the better one. The girls' beliefs best illustrate

ingroup bias

Which of the following is true of non-Western cultures, as compared with Western cultures? They have

lower divorce rates and consider passionate love as less important for marriage.

Women are attracted to healthy-looking men, but especially to those who seem to be

mature.

The rules of a culture for accepted and expected behavior are

norms

Those who study cultural influences on behavior are most likely to highlight the importance of

norms

In an experiment by Donald Dutton and Arthur Aron, one group of men were asked by an attractive woman to complete a short questionnaire immediately after they had crossed a swaying footbridge suspended 230 feet above the Capilano River. This experiment was designed to study the factors that contribute to

passionate love.

Those who feel socially pressured sometimes assert their freedom by doing the opposite of what is socially expected. This best illustrates

personal control

What determined whether college freshmen who had been randomly paired for a Welcome Week dance liked each other?

physical attractiveness

The mere exposure effect most directly contributes to the positive relationship between ________ and liking.

proximity

Philip Zimbardo devised a simulated prison and randomly assigned college students to serve as prisoners or guards. This study best illustrated the impact of

role-playing on attitudes

Which theory suggests that altruistic behavior is governed by calculations of rewards and costs?

social exchange theory

Comedy routines that are mildly amusing to people in an uncrowded room seem funnier in a densely packed room. This is best explained in terms of

social facilitation

Which branch of psychology is most directly concerned with the study of how people think about, influence, and relate to one another?

social psychology

Which of the following is most likely to help us empathize with others?

the chameleon effect

A tendency to overestimate the extent to which a stranger's violent behavior stems from his or her aggressive personality best illustrates

the fundamental attribution error

Mr. Ignatenko thinks that most unemployed people are to blame for their own misfortune. His belief best illustrates a potential consequence of

the just-world phenomenon

A social trap is a situation in which

the pursuit of self-interest leads to collective harm

Two friends quarreled over possession of a single orange without realizing that one of them simply wanted orange juice and the other simply wanted the orange peel to make a cake. This classic episode best illustrates that people sometimes fail to recognize

win-win solutions

The Milgram obedience experiments were controversial because the

"teachers" were deceived and frequently subjected to stress

The value of social conformity is most likely to be emphasized in

Japan

Politicians who publicly oppose a tax increase that they privately favor best illustrate that

actions may sometimes be inconsistent with attitudes

A soldier who intentionally kills a dangerous enemy combatant most clearly illustrates

aggression

Ostracism has been observed to intensify

aggression

Research on the biology of aggression has clearly demonstrated that

animals can be bred for aggressiveness

Which of the following would be most consistent with a GRIT strategy?

announcing that defense expenditures will be cut by 5 percent and inviting the enemy to do likewise

Prejudice is a(n) ________; discrimination is a(n) ________.

attitude; behavior

Diffusion of responsibility often plays an important role in the

bystander effect

In Milgram's first study of obedience, the majority of "teachers" who were ordered to shock a "learner"

complied fully and delivered the highest level of shock