Unit 2 Benchmark Study Guide

The first empire in world history was

Akkadian Empire

the pharaoh who later changed his name to Akhenaten

Amenhotep IV

a people known for using terror as an instrument of warfare

Assyrians

site of the Hanging Gardens

Babylon

What type of tools and weapons did the Egyptians learn from Hyksos?

Bronze tools

administrative organization with officials and regular procedures that helped run the government

Bureaucracy

Which leader of the Persian empire expanded it into the largest empire the world had yet seen?

Cyrus the Great

king who extended the Persian Empire to India

Darius

Which Egyptian time period experienced a golden age of stability and expansion?

During the Middle Kingdom

What was the impact of Amenhotep IV's religious reform?

Egypt losing their empire

a distinct group organized in tribes that established the religion of Judaism, which later influenced both Christianity and Islam.

Israelites

a city in Kush

Meroe

The empire that Sargon established was continued by his grandson ____ but fell less than 100 years after his grandson's death.

Naram-Sin

The king of the Chaldeans who rebuilt Babylon was

Nebuchadnezzar II

the Chaldean king who restored Babylon to glory

Nebuchadnezzar II

The development of Egyptian civilization was influenced most powerfully by

Nile River

site of one of the world's first libraries

Nineveh

migrating groups who domesticated animals for food, shelter, and clothing and who also helped spread language, goods, and technology

Nomads

the name of Kush while it was still a part of the Egyptian Empire

Nubia

How did the Hyksos conquered Egypt' Middle Kingdom.

On horse-drawn chariots

the empire ruled by Cyrus the Great

Persian Empire

Egyptian society, with the god-king at the top, was organized like (picture in notes)

Pyramids

part of a large complex of buildings dedicated to the dead

Pyramids were dedicated to the dead

Persian route from Lydia to Susa

Royal Road

Around 2340 B.C., the Sumerian city-states were conquered by the Akkadians under their leader

Sargon

the leader who established the world's first empire

Sargon

the ruler of a province in the Persian empire

Satrap

the period during which the Great Pyramid of King Khufu at Giza was constructed, showing the power of the Egyptian pharaohs

The New Kingdom

Egyptian history is divided into three major periods, known as the

The Old, Middle, and New Kingdoms

invaders who attacked the Egyptian Empire during its final days of power

The Persian

Although the pharaoh Ramses II tried to maintain the Egyptian Empire's strength, he failed because he was unable to hold out against

The Sea People

Why did the Egyptians resist Akhenaten's religious reforms?

They accepted many, many gods and they wanted him to only worship one god

Having been conquered by the Hyksos was not all bad for the Egyptians because the Hyksos taught the Egyptians

They taught military techniques and bronzo weapons and tools. They introduced the Egyptians into horse and chariots.

Persian religion

Zoroastrianism

Describe a patriarchal society.

a husband could divorce his wife is she failed her duties

One example of the Assyrians' efficiency and effectiveness as administrators was

a system of carrying messages with the use of posts and horses

The Code of Hammurabi paints a portrait of a society in which

almost anything can go wrong

The term for a large political unit or state, usually under a single leader, controlling many peoples or territories is

an empire

Identify an example of Assyrians' efficiency and effectiveness as administrators.

communication

Unlike other religions of the time, political leaders in Israel

could not claim they alone knew the will of God

The Jews believed that God had made a contract with them, called a

covenant

While the Hyksos attacked the Egyptians from horse-drawn chariots, the Egyptian soldiers were limited to

donkey carts

Religion provided the Egyptians with a sense of security, and Egyptian rulers were viewed as

earthly forms of the sun god named Re

a large political unit, usually with a single leader, that controls many territories

empire

Hammurabi is remembered for

establishing a collection of laws for Mesopotamian society

Cyrus the Great showed such wisdom and compassion when he conquered Babylon that

everyone accepted him as their ruler

In the patriarchal Mesopotamian society, what was the father's role?

father had life or death control over his family

In Hammurabi's code, punishments generally followed the principle of retaliation, or the idea that one must

give an eye for another eye

Which of the following contributed to the efficient system of communication that was crucial to sustaining the Persian Empire?

good managed roads

complex system of writing, meaning "sacred writings," that is made up of pictures and more abstract forms

hieroglyphics

The Assyrians had the first large armies who carried weapons made of

iron

way in which dead bodies of wealthy Egyptians were preserved from the time of the Old Kingdom

mummification

title of Egyptian monarch who possessed absolute power

pharaoh

religious teachers whose words became a source of ideals for social justice as they condemned the rich for causing the poor to suffer

prophets

The "ten lost tribes" were

scattered Israelite tribes

What is most unusual about the pharaoh Hatshepsut?

she was a woman

Cyrus was called "the Great" because he

showed wisdom and compassion

The Egyptians developed an accurate 365-day calendar by basing their year on

the flooding of the Nile River

What military strategy did Hammurabi use to conquer lands and create his new Mesopotamian kingdom?

they divided and conquered

How did the kingdom of Kush become a successful trading empire?

they have iron and perfect location near the Nile

Why did the kingdom of Kush become such a successful trading empire?

they have iron and perfect location near the Nile

Hieratic script, a simplified version of Egyptian hieroglyphic writing, was used

used for business transactions, general needs of daily life and keeping records

How was the Persian Empire sustained?

vast library roads and way stations

Darius's elite cavalry and infantry forces were known as the Immortals because

whenever a soldier or a military person was killed, he/she would be immediately replaced