Unit 2 Benchmark Study Guide
The first empire in world history was
Akkadian Empire
the pharaoh who later changed his name to Akhenaten
Amenhotep IV
a people known for using terror as an instrument of warfare
Assyrians
site of the Hanging Gardens
Babylon
What type of tools and weapons did the Egyptians learn from Hyksos?
Bronze tools
administrative organization with officials and regular procedures that helped run the government
Bureaucracy
Which leader of the Persian empire expanded it into the largest empire the world had yet seen?
Cyrus the Great
king who extended the Persian Empire to India
Darius
Which Egyptian time period experienced a golden age of stability and expansion?
During the Middle Kingdom
What was the impact of Amenhotep IV's religious reform?
Egypt losing their empire
a distinct group organized in tribes that established the religion of Judaism, which later influenced both Christianity and Islam.
Israelites
a city in Kush
Meroe
The empire that Sargon established was continued by his grandson ____ but fell less than 100 years after his grandson's death.
Naram-Sin
The king of the Chaldeans who rebuilt Babylon was
Nebuchadnezzar II
the Chaldean king who restored Babylon to glory
Nebuchadnezzar II
The development of Egyptian civilization was influenced most powerfully by
Nile River
site of one of the world's first libraries
Nineveh
migrating groups who domesticated animals for food, shelter, and clothing and who also helped spread language, goods, and technology
Nomads
the name of Kush while it was still a part of the Egyptian Empire
Nubia
How did the Hyksos conquered Egypt' Middle Kingdom.
On horse-drawn chariots
the empire ruled by Cyrus the Great
Persian Empire
Egyptian society, with the god-king at the top, was organized like (picture in notes)
Pyramids
part of a large complex of buildings dedicated to the dead
Pyramids were dedicated to the dead
Persian route from Lydia to Susa
Royal Road
Around 2340 B.C., the Sumerian city-states were conquered by the Akkadians under their leader
Sargon
the leader who established the world's first empire
Sargon
the ruler of a province in the Persian empire
Satrap
the period during which the Great Pyramid of King Khufu at Giza was constructed, showing the power of the Egyptian pharaohs
The New Kingdom
Egyptian history is divided into three major periods, known as the
The Old, Middle, and New Kingdoms
invaders who attacked the Egyptian Empire during its final days of power
The Persian
Although the pharaoh Ramses II tried to maintain the Egyptian Empire's strength, he failed because he was unable to hold out against
The Sea People
Why did the Egyptians resist Akhenaten's religious reforms?
They accepted many, many gods and they wanted him to only worship one god
Having been conquered by the Hyksos was not all bad for the Egyptians because the Hyksos taught the Egyptians
They taught military techniques and bronzo weapons and tools. They introduced the Egyptians into horse and chariots.
Persian religion
Zoroastrianism
Describe a patriarchal society.
a husband could divorce his wife is she failed her duties
One example of the Assyrians' efficiency and effectiveness as administrators was
a system of carrying messages with the use of posts and horses
The Code of Hammurabi paints a portrait of a society in which
almost anything can go wrong
The term for a large political unit or state, usually under a single leader, controlling many peoples or territories is
an empire
Identify an example of Assyrians' efficiency and effectiveness as administrators.
communication
Unlike other religions of the time, political leaders in Israel
could not claim they alone knew the will of God
The Jews believed that God had made a contract with them, called a
covenant
While the Hyksos attacked the Egyptians from horse-drawn chariots, the Egyptian soldiers were limited to
donkey carts
Religion provided the Egyptians with a sense of security, and Egyptian rulers were viewed as
earthly forms of the sun god named Re
a large political unit, usually with a single leader, that controls many territories
empire
Hammurabi is remembered for
establishing a collection of laws for Mesopotamian society
Cyrus the Great showed such wisdom and compassion when he conquered Babylon that
everyone accepted him as their ruler
In the patriarchal Mesopotamian society, what was the father's role?
father had life or death control over his family
In Hammurabi's code, punishments generally followed the principle of retaliation, or the idea that one must
give an eye for another eye
Which of the following contributed to the efficient system of communication that was crucial to sustaining the Persian Empire?
good managed roads
complex system of writing, meaning "sacred writings," that is made up of pictures and more abstract forms
hieroglyphics
The Assyrians had the first large armies who carried weapons made of
iron
way in which dead bodies of wealthy Egyptians were preserved from the time of the Old Kingdom
mummification
title of Egyptian monarch who possessed absolute power
pharaoh
religious teachers whose words became a source of ideals for social justice as they condemned the rich for causing the poor to suffer
prophets
The "ten lost tribes" were
scattered Israelite tribes
What is most unusual about the pharaoh Hatshepsut?
she was a woman
Cyrus was called "the Great" because he
showed wisdom and compassion
The Egyptians developed an accurate 365-day calendar by basing their year on
the flooding of the Nile River
What military strategy did Hammurabi use to conquer lands and create his new Mesopotamian kingdom?
they divided and conquered
How did the kingdom of Kush become a successful trading empire?
they have iron and perfect location near the Nile
Why did the kingdom of Kush become such a successful trading empire?
they have iron and perfect location near the Nile
Hieratic script, a simplified version of Egyptian hieroglyphic writing, was used
used for business transactions, general needs of daily life and keeping records
How was the Persian Empire sustained?
vast library roads and way stations
Darius's elite cavalry and infantry forces were known as the Immortals because
whenever a soldier or a military person was killed, he/she would be immediately replaced