Unit 2 Biology Quiz Questions

From the list, select the most common mutagens.

Viruses, radiation, chemicals

Cells within the inside of a tumor secrete growth factors, which cause capillaries to grow toward the tumor. This process is called ______, and contributes to the growth and spread of the tumor.

angiogenesis

If a gene mutation occurs that results in a premature stop codon in the mRNA sequence, the protein will __________.

be incomplete

Chromosomes are copied

between the growth phase (G1) and preparation for cell division (G2).

Alkylating agents work by

breaking the DNA and introducing mutations

In a normal cell, topoisomerase

helps unwind DNA during DNA replication.

Chemotherapy works by

targeting points during cell division

The two strands of DNA are held together by hydrogen bonds between complementary nucleotides. Which of the following correctly matches the complementary nucleotides of DNA?

Adenine:thymine and cytosine:guanine

There are different drugs that interfere with the M phase of the cell cycle. ______ interfere with the formation of the spindle fibers and ______ prevent the breakdown of the microtubles.

Alkaloids, taxanes

Which of the following would be detected in a blood test that would indicate the immune system is responding to cancer?

Antibodies

Which characteristic corresponds with Stage 2 of breast cancer?

Cancer begins invading more lymph nodes and tissue

Which characteristic corresponds with Stage 4 of breast cancer?

Cancer spreads to other organs

Malignant tumors need nutrients and oxygen to grow. From what structures do they obtain nutrients and oxygen?

Capillaries

The DNA is compacted into multiple ______ that condense and organize the genetic information before cells divide.

Chromosomes

All cells are specialized to have the same function.

False

DNA is the only nucleic acid found in cells.

False

In breast cancer patients, lymph nodes are biopsied to determine the size of the tumor.

False

Mutations in DNA can result in cancerous cells. These cells are structurally altered but their functions remain normal.

False

The BRCA1 gene is involved in producing a protein that activates DNA repair enzymes, stopping the cell cycle, and putting the cell in G0 phase.

False

In eukaryotic cell division, what are the two major parts of the cell cycle?

Interphase and mitosis

From the list, select all of the following that pertain to this state. (Check all that apply.) If a patient is screened for cancerous cells, a doctor is looking for cells that are __________.

Less specialized, not in their original location, dividing uncontrollably

The appearance of cancerous cells differs from normal cells. If you were to view cancerous cells under the microscope, you would notice enlarged __________.

Nuclei

Metaphase is a step of mitosis. What key event happens during metaphase?

Sister chromatids align on the spindle equator

Anaphase is a step of mitosis. What key event happens during anaphase?

Sister chromatids are pulled apart

Telomere length can change with age and the type of cell. Which of the following correctly describes telomere length?

Telomeres are the longest in stem cells