Unit 2 Exam

vegan

does not consume any animal products

Fluid buildup in the interstitial fluid is called

edema

Alpha-linolenic acid and linoleic acid are classified as _________ fatty acids.

essential

Incorrect mRNA production and incorrect polypeptide chain production both result from an error in the ________________ code.

genetic

What are the components of a phospholipid molecule?

glycerol backbone, phosphorus-containing molecule

Margarine is usually made by a process called ________, in which hydrogen atoms are added to double covalent bonds in the polyunsaturated fatty acids found in vegetable oils.

hydrogenation

Lipids with high polyunsaturatd fatty acid content are ____________ at room temperature.

liquid

Cholesterol is ________.

not essential in the diet; the human body can synthesize it, not found in foods of plant origin, an important part of human cell membranes and is necessary to make some hormones

If the first double bond of a polyunsaturated fatty acid occurs after the 3rd carbon from the methyl end, it's called an _______________ fatty acid.

omega-3

If the first double bond of a polyunsaturated fatty acid occurs after the 6th carbon, it is called an omega-_________ fatty acid.

six

The sugar alcohol commonly used to sweeten chewing gum and candy is ________.

sorbitol

The storage form of carbohydrates in plants is ________.

starch

The type of fat that function primarily to insulate the body is _________________

subcutaneous

___________ fat, is the insulating layer of fat just beneath the skin and is made mostly of triglycerides.

subcutaneous

Once absorbed, the majority of glucose is transported to ________.

the liver

Margarine and shortening are both major sources of ____________.

trans fat

Lipoproteins are important for ________.

transport of fats in the blood and lymphatic system

____________ are the main fuel source for all body cells, except the nervous system and red blood cells. They provide 30-70% of the energy you burn.

triglycerides

After digestion and absorption, dietary carbohydrates may be ________.

used for energy, converted to glycogen and stored in liver and muscle tissue, synthesized into fat

____________________ proteins are heart-healthy because they contain no cholesterol and little saturated fat.

Plant

_______________ and ______________ acid are essential fatty acids because we must get them from foods since our bodies are unable to synthesize essential fatty acids with a double bond before the 9th carbon in the chain.

alpha-linolenic, linoleic

Monounsaturated fatty acids ________.

are liquid at room temperature, have one double bond in the fatty acid chain, lower cholesterol.

Glucose, galactose, and fructose ________.

are monosaccharides

Protein deficiency is rarely an isolated condition and usually accompanies

calorie deficiency, and lack of nutrients

The three elements in simple sugar are ________.

carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen

Components that make up an amino acid are

carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen

Normal blood glucose levels range between ________.

70 and 100 mg/dL

How much energy do triglycerides usually provide the body?

30-70%

Most experts agree that dietary cholesterol intake should be limited to _______ mg per day.

300

The energy value of dietary carbohydrates is _____ kcal per gram.

4

Why is excess sugar consumption discouraged?

It may cause dental caries, It may cause weight gain, It lacks dietary fiber.

How does changing a protein's shape affect the protein?

The protein loses its biological activity. It destroys the protein's ability to function normally.

The functions of fat include all of the following EXCEPT ________.

build and repair tissue

Which of the following lipids is a precursor for estrogen and bile?

cholesterol

__________ is a sterol used by the body to make steroid hormones, bile and to form cell membranes.

cholesterol

Blockage of a major artery is caused by a blood clot. These clots may form when ________.

cholesterol plaques build up in artery walls

lacto

consumes milk

lacto-ovo

consumes milk and eggs

What is the process of altering the three dimensional structure of a protein by treatment with heat, enzymes, acids, bases, or agitation?

denaturation

Dietary sugars and starches are called "protein sparing," which means ________.

dietary protein can be used for protein synthesis and other vital processes, rather than being used as a source of energy