Unit 2 Exam
vegan
does not consume any animal products
Fluid buildup in the interstitial fluid is called
edema
Alpha-linolenic acid and linoleic acid are classified as _________ fatty acids.
essential
Incorrect mRNA production and incorrect polypeptide chain production both result from an error in the ________________ code.
genetic
What are the components of a phospholipid molecule?
glycerol backbone, phosphorus-containing molecule
Margarine is usually made by a process called ________, in which hydrogen atoms are added to double covalent bonds in the polyunsaturated fatty acids found in vegetable oils.
hydrogenation
Lipids with high polyunsaturatd fatty acid content are ____________ at room temperature.
liquid
Cholesterol is ________.
not essential in the diet; the human body can synthesize it, not found in foods of plant origin, an important part of human cell membranes and is necessary to make some hormones
If the first double bond of a polyunsaturated fatty acid occurs after the 3rd carbon from the methyl end, it's called an _______________ fatty acid.
omega-3
If the first double bond of a polyunsaturated fatty acid occurs after the 6th carbon, it is called an omega-_________ fatty acid.
six
The sugar alcohol commonly used to sweeten chewing gum and candy is ________.
sorbitol
The storage form of carbohydrates in plants is ________.
starch
The type of fat that function primarily to insulate the body is _________________
subcutaneous
___________ fat, is the insulating layer of fat just beneath the skin and is made mostly of triglycerides.
subcutaneous
Once absorbed, the majority of glucose is transported to ________.
the liver
Margarine and shortening are both major sources of ____________.
trans fat
Lipoproteins are important for ________.
transport of fats in the blood and lymphatic system
____________ are the main fuel source for all body cells, except the nervous system and red blood cells. They provide 30-70% of the energy you burn.
triglycerides
After digestion and absorption, dietary carbohydrates may be ________.
used for energy, converted to glycogen and stored in liver and muscle tissue, synthesized into fat
____________________ proteins are heart-healthy because they contain no cholesterol and little saturated fat.
Plant
_______________ and ______________ acid are essential fatty acids because we must get them from foods since our bodies are unable to synthesize essential fatty acids with a double bond before the 9th carbon in the chain.
alpha-linolenic, linoleic
Monounsaturated fatty acids ________.
are liquid at room temperature, have one double bond in the fatty acid chain, lower cholesterol.
Glucose, galactose, and fructose ________.
are monosaccharides
Protein deficiency is rarely an isolated condition and usually accompanies
calorie deficiency, and lack of nutrients
The three elements in simple sugar are ________.
carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
Components that make up an amino acid are
carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen
Normal blood glucose levels range between ________.
70 and 100 mg/dL
How much energy do triglycerides usually provide the body?
30-70%
Most experts agree that dietary cholesterol intake should be limited to _______ mg per day.
300
The energy value of dietary carbohydrates is _____ kcal per gram.
4
Why is excess sugar consumption discouraged?
It may cause dental caries, It may cause weight gain, It lacks dietary fiber.
How does changing a protein's shape affect the protein?
The protein loses its biological activity. It destroys the protein's ability to function normally.
The functions of fat include all of the following EXCEPT ________.
build and repair tissue
Which of the following lipids is a precursor for estrogen and bile?
cholesterol
__________ is a sterol used by the body to make steroid hormones, bile and to form cell membranes.
cholesterol
Blockage of a major artery is caused by a blood clot. These clots may form when ________.
cholesterol plaques build up in artery walls
lacto
consumes milk
lacto-ovo
consumes milk and eggs
What is the process of altering the three dimensional structure of a protein by treatment with heat, enzymes, acids, bases, or agitation?
denaturation
Dietary sugars and starches are called "protein sparing," which means ________.
dietary protein can be used for protein synthesis and other vital processes, rather than being used as a source of energy
