Unit 2 possible FRQ questions

S-curve

a curve that depicts logistic growth; shape of an "S"

J-curve

a growth curve that depicts exponential growth

coyote (pollero)

a person who helps smuggle illegal immigrants across the border

Examples of demographic characteristics

age, race, gender, ethnicity, religion, income, education, home ownership, sexual orientation, marital status, family size, health and disability status, and psychiatric diagnosis.

Crude Death Rate; Crude Birth Rate; Infant Mortality Rate; Life Expectancy; Natural Increase Rate; Total Fertility Rate

define key demographic terms and identify regions in which high and low extreme examples of each can be found.

Agricultural Density

population of farmers/arable land

replacement fertility

the total fertility rate (TFR) that maintains a stable population size

homeostatic plateau

when the population is equivalent to the carrying capacity of the occupied area

Refugee: leaving home to escape some power that threatens. Population: a group of refugees from communities that are small and poor.

Characterize refugee and refugee population

The demographic model shows the average population growth in an area that is becoming industrialized. If migration was to enter into a country during the course of the model, populations may change up the data and come to a differrent conclusion. People migrate to a place where they expect to have better life; If an area begins to push into the second or third stage of the model (when the country begins to industrialize) People will begin to think that they can have a better life in that country. So they migrate to the country and cause the total population of the growing country to skyrocket because of the increase in immagrants and lowered death rates.

Correlate migration patterns to the demographic model.

A change in the rates of population growth. Before the transition, both birth and death rates are high, resulting in a slowly growing population; then the death rate drops but the birth rate remains high, causing a population explosion.

Demographic Transition Model: What are its components?

Stage 1: no countries Stage 2: Yemen, Afghanistan, Zimbabwe, Kenya Stage 3: Costa Rica, Mexico, Indonesia, Vietnam Stage 4: New Zealand, Europe; Australia; Denmark; U.S.

Demographic Transition Model: What are some example countries that is described in each phase?

Historic: Slaves were forced to migrate to western continents. They didn't know why they moved so no push/pull factor. Contemporary: The holocaust when forced Jewish family in Europe to migrate. Pull: people tried to escape to a better place. Push: Forced people out of their homes.

Describe specific examples of historic and contemporary forced migrations, explain push and pull.

Ravenstein created basic laws of migration in 1885 and many of them still apply to migration patterns today. His laws help people to recognize large migration streams and why they happen.

Discuss the contributions of E.G. Ravenstein to the study of migration.

1840s-1870s: 3/4 of U.S. immigrants came from Ireland and Germany compelled by economic push factors.Contemporary: Rapid population growth in Asia and Latin America limits economic advancement in home countries. Lured by economic opportunity and social advancement in the U.S.

Discuss the migration history of the United States through the following: Historic and Contemporary Streams of Migration

In the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, 2 million Europeans migrated to American colonies. African Americans also were forced to migrate to the Western Hemisphere as slaves.

Discuss the migration history of the United States through the following: Immigration History

Established 2% immigration policy for each country that had native-born persons already living in the US

Discuss the migration history of the United States through the following: Immigration Policy

-Hugging the Coast: few colonists ventured far from coast because they depended on shipping links with Europe for trade-Crossing the Appalachians: transportation improvements-Gold Rush-Filling in the Great Plains: advances in agricultural technology-Moving South: job opportunities and warmer climates

Discuss the migration history of the United States through the following: Internal Migration Patterns

It helped people understand why different ethnic groups were immigrating to the locations that they were. Also, it simplified the 8 great historic migrations.

Explain how Lee's Model of Migration can help to understand movement of migrants.

Arithmetic density calculation

Total Population / Total Land Area.

Distance decay can effect migration mainly through the push pull factors. Distance decay is the idea that the further away an idea gets from its source, the less is known about it. A migrant from south Africa would have a very hard time knowing what opportunities are in Russia because of the large distance between them. Also the many Intervening obstacles between the source and the destination would slow down push/ pull factors even more. If a migrant in India hears about great opportunities of living in China and attempts to migrate there, and intervening obstacle could be the himilayas, which would be life threatening to cross. The himilayas are an example of an intervening obstacle, but that is an enviromental obstacle. You could have an economic obstacle such as a town allong the way may be in harsh poverty and you may not be able to continue migrating. Or a political obstacle: Migrating through a country that is ruled under a law that despises something about you like race, gender, culture, or personal status.

Explain how distance decay, intervening obstacles, migration selectivity factors affect migration and circulation patterns.

A double sided bar-graph representing the distribution of population by age and gender Stage 2 (Least Developed): Triangle Stage 3/4 (Developing/Developed): Rectangle Stage 5 (Developed): Inverted Triangle

Explain the elements of a population pyramid and distinguish between characteristic shapes

added to Ravenstein's Migration Theory (every location has a range of attributes; negative, positive and neutral things)

How was Lees model related to Ravensteins?

The gravity model shows how distance effects the number or migrators to a destination. For example, You wouldn't find many people from South Africa in Russia because of the great distance between them. Although the model does not account for advancement in technology. More specifically in the area of transportation. Because of the Internet and airplanes, Chinese immigrants are found quite numerous in the United States, even though they are on the opposite sides of the world.

Use the gravity model to predict migration and evaluate its efficiency and usefulness.

1.) Most people migrate for economic reasons2.) Cultural and environmental factors induce migration3.) Each migration flow produces a counterflow4.) Most migrants relocate a short distance within same country5.) Long distance migrants head for major centers of economic activity*6.) Most long distance migrants are male*7.) Today, more women migrate than men8.) Most long distance migrants are adult individuals... not families with children1.) Most people migrate for economic reasons2.) Cultural and environmental factors induce migration3.) Each migration flow produces a counterflow4.) Most migrants relocate a short distance within same country5.) Long distance migrants head for major centers of economic activity*6.) Most long distance migrants are male*7.) Today, more women migrate than men8.) Most long distance migrants are adult individuals... not families with children

What are Ravenstein's "8" Laws of Migration?

a British demographer who tried to answer the question or why people voluntarily migrate. He studied forms of internal migration in England and produced the laws listed above which are still commonly found today.

Who was Ravenstein

Immigrants (mainly Asian) went through who want to enter the United States.

Who went through Angel Island?

European immigrants

Who went through Ellis Island?

Pro-, encourages child-bearing. (Canada)Anti-, wants limited # of children per couple (China)

give examples of pro- and anti-natalist policies and their effects in example countries.