Unit 2 Review
the world has an overall ratio of...
101 : 100 / men : women
generally the lowest CBR is in ____________, and the highest in _____________
Europe / Africa
Carrying Capacity
Largest number of individuals of a population that a environment can support
Total Fertility Rate (TFR)
The average number of children a woman will have throughout her childbearing years.
Life Expectancy
The average number of years an individual can be expected to live, given current social, economic, and medical conditions.
Rate of Natural Increase (RNI)
The difference in births and deaths in a population, usually expressed as a percentage; does not take into account migration into or out of an area.
Physiological Density
The number of people per unit area of arable land
Dependency Ratio
The number of people under age 15 and over age 64 compared to the number of people active in the labor force
Doubling Time
The number of years needed to double a population, assuming a constant rate of natural increase.
Infant Mortality Rate (IMR)
The total number of deaths in a year among infants under 1 year old for every 1,000 live births in a society.
Crude Death Rate (CDR)
The total number of deaths in a year for every 1,000 people in a given population
Crude Birth Rate (CBR)
The total number of live births in a year for every 1,000 people in a given population
Arithmetic Density
The total number of people divided by the total land area.
Industrial Revolution mostly impacted...
Western Europe and North America
Human Migration
a driving force in population distribution ; occurs when people make a permanent move from one place to another
Yangtze River
a strong economic center historically ; found in China
Substinance Agriculture
common in peripheral and semi-peripheral countries where there are fewer mechanical resources
life expectancy for countries
core countries: 80+ years peripheral countries: around 50 years
Demographics
data about the structures and characteristics of human populations
Mortality
death
ready access to fresh water is...
essential for human survival
Population Pyramids
graphs show the age/sex distribution of a giving population ; helps to show whether the population is growing rapidly, slowly, or in decline
small dependency ratio
ideal to have a smooth constant economy
natural disasters
just one of many environmental factors affecting population ex: flood that led to 1-4million lives lost in China in 1931
Arable Land
land that can be used to grow crops
a majority of the world today...
lives at elevation above 500ft
sex ratio affects...
marriage rates, women's labor-market participation rates, fertility rates, birth rates, cultural norms, and the rate at which a population grows
historical examples of migration
migration period: 300-700 C.E. movement of Europeans to North and South America
Landforms
natural features of Earth's surface ; influence population distribution
global distributions of people are influence by...
physical, environmental, and human factors
war, peace, and government policy...
play an important role in population trends ex: China's restrictive one-child policy
Climate
refers to the long-term patterns of weather in an area that greatly affects population distribution in direct and indirect ways
Fertility
the ability to produce children ; influences the birthrate of a population
Urbanization
the growth of cities
Agricultural Density
the number of farmers per unit area of farmland
Population Density
the number of people occupying a unit of land
Sex Ratio
the ratio of males to females in a population
Temperate Climates
those with moderate temperatures and adequate preciptation amounts
death rates are affected by...
war ; poverty ; education
Industrial Revolution
was launched by major technological innovations in manufacturing and profoundly affected where and how people worked and lived
Population Distribution
where people live within a geographic area ; affects cultural, political, environmental, and economic aspects
people tend to live...
where they can earn a living ; usually through agriculture