Unit 2 test bio
which of the following statements accurately compares two types of fractures
a greenstick fracture is a partial break, whereas a comminuted fracture occurs when a bone is crushed into three or more pieces
if you were explaining long bone formation to a friend who does not understand the process, which of the following would you likely include in your explanation
blood vessels penetrate the hyaline cartilage and deliver osteoblasts, which lay down bone material
which part of the spine includes the atlas and axis
cervical spine
from superior to inferior, which of the following lists the sections of the vertebral column in the correct order
cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral
which of the following explains the difference between the structure of compact bone and spongy bone
compact bone tissue is made up of structural units called osteons, whereas spongy bone tissue is made up of a lattice of struts called trabeculae
which of the following lists the layers of a long bone from exterior to interior
compact bone, spongy bone, medullary cavity, bone marrow
a long bone consists of a shaft, or _____, and a(n) _____ at each end
diaphysis, and epiphysis
which of the following accurately compares endochondral ossification and intramembranous ossification
endochondral ossification is the process in which hyaline cartilage is replaced with bone and grows, whereas intramembranous ossification is the process of flat bones developing from connective tissue
which bone is part of the orbit and the nasal septum
ethmoid
yellow bone marrow consists mostly of
fat
if your instructor asked you to list the bones of the lower limb, from thigh to foot, which of the following would be the correct order
femur, patella, tibia and fibula, tarsals, metatarsals, phalanges
in the process of bone repair, _______ penetrate the area and build a callus that bridges the broken bone
fibroblasts
if your instructor asked you to list the cranial bones from anterior to posterior, which of the following would be correct
frontal, ethmoid, sphenoid, parietal, temporal, occipital
in _______ fractures, one end of a broken bone is driven into the other end
impacted
how does the sacrum differ in the male and female body?
in the female, the sacrum is shorter and wider than in the male and directed more obliquely backward, increasing the size of the pelvic cavity
red bone marrow is found in all of the following except
in the madullary cavity of long bones
carpal tunnel syndrome occurs when
inflammation of the synovial membranes surrounding the flexor tendons compress the median nerve
the formation of flat bone from connective tissue occurs through the process of
intramembranous ossification
which of the following facial bones is the only movable bone(s) in the skull
mandible
which cranial bone is supported by the vertebral column and articulates with the atlas in a way that allows for rotation of the head
occipital
which of the following accurately compares the different types of bone cells
osteoblasts synthesize bone matrix, osteoclasts break down bone matrix, and osteocytes maintain bone tissue structure
during long bone formation ______ lay down bone material, replacing __________
osteoblasts, hyaline cartliage
if you were explaining a flat bone formation to a friend who does not understand the process, all of the following would likely be included in your explanation except
osteoclasts cluster together, secrete bone matrix, and develop into osteocytes
if you were giving an oral report on bone repair, all of the following would be points in your presentation except
osteocytes transform the fibrocartilaginous callus into bone
compact bone tissue is made up of stractural units called
osteons
if a friend asked you to explain osteoporosis, which of the following might be a point you would make
osteoporosis is a condition in which overall tissue loss within bones results in bone repair, tenderness, and weakened and brittle bones
which of the cranial bones is connected to all four major skull sutures
parietal bones
which of the following is a type of bone that is present in both the upper and lower limbs
phalanges
what is the primary goal of the arches of the foot
shock absorption
which of the following lists the auditory ossicles, from inner to outer
stapes, incus, malleus
if you were giving an oral report on the facial skeleton, which of the following details would you likely include
the 14 bones of the facial skeleton form the entrances to the respiratory and digestive tracts
all of the following are part of the axial skeleton except
the arm
if you were explaining the atlas to a friend, you might include all of the following points except
the atlas is the second of the cervical vertebrae
the humerus articulates with all of the following except
the clavicle
all of the following are part of the pelvic girdle except
the coccyx
which of the following is a muscle of the shoulder girdle
the coracobracgialis
which of the following accurately compares the male and female pelvis
the female pelvic brim is larger and wider than the male pelvic brim
how does the female's thoracic cage differ from that of the male
the female's thoracic cage has a lesser capacity, and the sternum is shorter and higher
which of the following is the longest bone in the body
the femur
all of the following are foramina of the skull except
the foramen minimal
all of the following are key landmarks of the temporal bone except
the foramen ovale
if you were explaining he purpose of the formina of the skull to a friend, which of the following would you likely include in your explanation
the formina are holes that allow for the passage of blood vessels, nerves, and the spinal cord.
the clavicle articulates with all of the following except
the humerus
the vertebral column consists of all of the following except
the hyoid
all of the following are bones of the lower limb except
the metacarpals
All of the following are part of the appendicular skeleton except
the neck
which of the following is a difference between the shoulder girdle and the pelvic girdle
the pelvic girdle is rigid, whereas the shoulder girdle is light and capable of great mobility
which of the following accurately compares the radius and ulna
the radius is smaller and thinner than the ulna
all of the following are similarities between the radius in the forearm and the fibula in the leg except
the radius is the longest bone in the arm, and the fibula is the longest bone in the leg
if you were explain the location of the skull sutures to a friend, you would likely include all of the following except
the sagittal suture is between the temporal and parietal bones
if you were ti explain why the skeletal muscles play an important role in bone stabilization in the shoulder girdle, which of the following would you likely say?
the shoulder girdle's only connection with the rest of the skeleton is between the clavicle and manubrium, so it relies on muscles to support and position it correctly
if you were giving an oral report on the arches of the foot, you would include all of the following points except
the transverse arch runs from the calcaneus to the heads of the metatarsals
if your instructor asked you to list the distal and proximal carpal bones, which of the following would be an accurate list?
the trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, and hamate are distal carpal bones, whereas the scaphoid, lunate, triquetral, and pisiform are proximal carpal bones
all of the following are tarsal bones except
the triquetral
if your instructor asked you to compare the structure of the upper and lower extremities, which of the following might you say?
the upper and lower extremities have a similar structure, with a large bone articulating with two smaller bones via a joint
if your friend asked you to explain the ligaments of the spine that support and reinforce the joints of the vertebral column, your explanation might include all of the following points except
the vertebral bodies are connected by the alar ligaments and the transverse ligament of the atlas
which of the following is the function of osteocytes?
to maintain bone tissue structure and sense bone health
all of the following are components of an osteon except
trabeculae
ribs 1-7 are called __________ ribs because they articulate directly to the sternum
true
which of the following statements accurately compares yellow and red bone marrow
yellow bone marrow consists mostly of fat, whereas red bone marrow contains blood cells