Unit 3- DNA, Chromosomes, Gene Expression, and Mutations

Eukaryotic species have a typical number of types of chromosomes in each cell. In humans, the typical number of chromosomes is: (Choose one.) -46 pairs, for a total of 92. -23 for females, 46 for males. -20 pairs, for a total of 40. -23 pairs, for a total of 46.

-23 pairs, for a total of 46.

What are the bases found in DNA? (Choose one.) -I, O, P, R -A, C, G, T -A, C, G, U -P, Q, R, and S

-A, C, G, T

Which of the following occurs during the process of transcription? (Choose one.) -A DNA strand is created from information in a protein. -A DNA copy is made of an RNA sequence. -An RNA copy is made of a DNA gene sequence. -A protein is created from information in an RNA strand.

-An RNA copy is made of a DNA gene sequence.

Which types of cells do gene expression? (Select all that apply.) -Archaea -Bacteria -Eukarya

-Archaea -Bacteria -Eukarya

Which of the following types of organisms use DNA as their genetic material? (Select all that apply.) -Archaea -Plants and Animals -Fungi and Protists -Bacteria

-Archaea -Plants and Animals -Fungi and Protists -Bacteria

Which of the following is a nucleic acid? (Select all that apply.) -proteins -glucose -DNA -RNA

-DNA -RNA

A chromosome is a structure made primarily of: (Choose one.) -proteins packaged around glucose. -DNA packaged around proteins. -glucose packaged around DNA. -DNA packaged around lipids.

-DNA packaged around proteins.

All mutations are harmful. -True -False

-False

The cell shown in the image above is haploid, because it has two kinds of chromosomes. (image is a cell with two homologous pairs) -True -False

-False

Suppose a change in the coat color gene in cats causes the base of a single nucleotide to change from a C to a T. Which of the following will happen? (Choose one.) -It will cause the cat to grow larger than normal. -The protein that is produced from the gene will be slightly different. The protein will still affect coat color. -The protein that is produced from the gene will be different, and will cause the cat to grow six legs. -The protein that is produced from the gene will not be functional, and will cause the cat to die.

-The protein that is produced from the gene will be slightly different. The protein will still affect coat color.

Which of the following is correct concerning eukaryotic chromosomes? (Select all that apply.) -There are different kinds of chromosomes in a cell. -They are linear. -Each species has a characteristic number of chromosomes. -They are contained in a nucleus.

-There are different kinds of chromosomes in a cell. -They are linear. -Each species has a characteristic number of chromosomes. -They are contained in a nucleus.

The DNA is used up or degraded during gene expression. -True -False

False

Which of the following is true of Bacterial and Archaeal chromosomes? (Choose one.) -They are usually made of RNA instead of DNA. -They are usually circular. -There are typically many different kinds of chromosomes in each cell. -They are found inside of a nucleus.

-They are usually circular.

Which of the following characteristics is true of homologous chromosomes? (Select all that apply.) -They are only inherited from one parent. -They are only found in animals. -They have similar genes at the same positions. -They come in pairs in a cell.

-They have similar genes at the same positions. -They come in pairs in a cell.

A gene is defined as: (Choose one.) -a sequence of amino acids that contains information to create a nucleic acid. -a sequence of nucleotides that contains information to create a protein or RNA molecule. -a sequence of amino acids that contains information for making a protein. -a sequence of nucleotides that contains information to make a carbohydrate.

-a sequence of nucleotides that contains information to create a protein or RNA molecule.

The subunits of proteins are: (Choose one.) -nucleotides. -fatty acids. -amino acids. -monosaccharides.

-amino acids.

The subunits of nucleic acids can be differentiated from each other by the presence of different: (Choose one.) -sugars. -steroids. -salt ions. -bases.

-bases

A triplet of nucleotides (three nucleotides next to each other in a sequence) is known as a: (Choose one.) codex. -triton. -codon. -triplon.

-codon.

The process of translation: (Choose one.) -The creation of DNA from a protein. -creates a protein from information in an RNA molecule. -creates an RNA copy of DNA. -creates a protein from information in a DNA molecule.

-creates a protein from information in an RNA molecule.

DNA molecules typically come as two separate strands wound around each other, connected by their bases. This structure is known as a: (Choose one.) -double helix. -double trouble. -double pair. -bi-strand.

-double helix.

Different kinds of chromosomes within a cell can be distinguished from each other because they: (Choose one.) -are made of different types of macromolecules. -are located in different parts of the cell. -come in pairs, while the same kinds of chromosomes do not. -have different genes on them, and are usually different sizes.

-have different genes on them, and are usually different sizes.

Suppose all of the individuals in a population of black cats on an island have black coat colors. These cats only mate with each other. One offspring is born that has a brown coat. What is the source of this new coat color allele? (Choose one.) -fertilization of an egg by a sperm -meiosis -mutation -mitosis

-mutation

A change in a nucleotide sequence from an original sequence is called a: (Choose one.) -modification. -transmogrification. -missense. -mutation.

-mutation.

DNA is a type of ____________________, made of ________________subunits. (Choose one.) -protein; amino acid -protein; nucleotide -nucleic acid; nucleotide -amino acid; nucleic acid

-nucleic acid; nucleotide

What are the subunits, or building blocks, of nucleic acids? (Choose one.) -amino acids -nucleotides -fats and oils -monosaccharides

-nucleotides

The "information" in a gene is contained in the _________________ in each gene sequence. (Choose one.) -order of nucleotides -number of each type of base -size of the nucleotides -number of nucleotides

-order of nucleotides

Which of the following are causes of changes to DNA? (Select all that apply.) -radiation -errors in DNA replication -chemicals from cellular metabolism -toxins from the environment

-radiation -errors in DNA replication -chemicals from cellular metabolism -toxins from the environment

The specific instructions contained in codons of DNA to connect amino acids in a particular order to build a protein is known as: (Choose one.) -the protein code. -a genetic anomaly. -the genetic code. -the information relay.

-the genetic code.