Unit 3 - Lecture 8 Notes (The Nose, Paranasal Sinuses and Maxillary Nerve)

The hiatus infundibulum is ______ to the hiatus semilunaris

"above" / "superior"

CT Picture

(+) Border of maxillary sinus, (*) Opening / ostium of the maxillary sinus, (U) Uncinate process, (E) Ethmoid sinuses, (IT) Inferior turbinate or concha, (MT) Middle turbinate or concha, (S) Septum, (C) Concha bullosa

The lateral wall of the nose has...

1.) 3 conchae 2.) 3 meatus 3.) the atrium 4.) the vestibule 5.) the sphenoethmoidal recess

The nasal septum (medial wall) is composed of several bones/cartilage (posterior, superior, inferior, anterior):

1.) Posterior and superior: The vertical plate of the ethmoid bone 2.) Posterior and inferior: The vomer 3.) Anterior: The septal cartilage

Other structures that are part of the ethmoid bone:

1.) The ethmoidal bulla 2.) The uncinate process 3.) Hiatus infundibulum 4.) Hiatus semilunaris

The bony and cartilaginous framework of the external nose is composed of:

1.) The nasal bones 2.) The frontal processes of the maxilla 3.) The nasal part of the frontal bone 4.) The upper and lower nasal cartilages 5.) Additional small cartilages

The main groups of sinuses are:

1.) frontal sinuses 2.) ethmoidal sinuses 3.) sphenoidal sinuses 4.) maxillary sinuses

The roof of the nasal cavity is composed of (from posterior to anterior):

1.) the body of the sphenoid 2.) the cribriform plate of the ethmoid 3.) the frontal bone 4.) the nasal bone 5.) the nasal cartilage.

Ethmoidal sinuses are classically described as...

10 to 15 small cells in 3 groups (on each side): anterior, middle and posterior.

The external nose presents...

2 external orifices, the nostrils.

Conchae "types"

3: superior, middle and inferior conchae

Meatus "types"

3: superior, middle and inferior meatus

The hiatus infundibulum does what?

Communicates with the the frontal sinus

"Numbers" of each sinuses

Frontal sinuses (2), ethmoidal sinuses (2 sets), sphenoidal sinuses (2), maxillary sinuses (2) (Can be variations in these numbers)

Conchae do what?

Increase the surface area of the nasal cavity

Sinuses in the Skull Picture

Red = Frontal sinuses Green = Ethmoidal sinuses Blue = Maxillary sinuses

Phonation "definition" / example

Sound of your voice. Ex.) When you have a sinus infection, your voice sounds different

Frontal sinus "path"

The frontal sinus passes to --- hiatus infundibulum --- drains through frontonasal duct --- hiatus semilunaris in the middle meatus

Which sinus is the most difficult one to drain? Why?

The maxillary sinus due to the high position of its opening. Drainage point = very high on the medial wall

What is located in the posterior superior apertures?

The middle and the inferior concha (you can't see the superior concha from here)

What forms the posterior 1/3 of the hard palate?

The palatine bone

What can project up in the maxillary sinus?

The roots of some of the upper teeth (1st and 2nd premolar, 3rd molar).

What forms 1/3 of the nasal septum?

The septal cartilage

The superior, middle and inferior conchae and what they are "a part of"

The superior and middle conchae are part of the ethmoid bone whereas the inferior nasal concha is a bone on its own (have 1 on right and 1 on left side)

The space below each concha is called...

a meatus.

The hiatus semilunaris is...

a space between the ethmoidal bulla and uncinate process

The paranasal sinus cavities are normally filled with...

air.

The sphenoidal sinuses drain _______ into the sphenoethmoidal recess.

anteriorly

The external nose is an ________ of the face and is continuous with...

appendage; frontal bone and maxilla

The vestibule is a...

area anterior and inferior to the atrium, close to the opening of the nostrils. Space that leads to the atrium.

Sinuses = ______, but, they can be...

bilateral; different sizes, shapes, etc.

Conchae are...

bony projections

The ethmoidal bulla is also known as the

bulla ethmoidalis

The paranasal sinuses are defined as...

cavities found in the interior of the maxilla, frontal, sphenoid and ethmoid bones.

The posterior boundary of the nasal cavity is the...

choanae

The posterior boundary of the nasal cavities is the...

choanae.

The atrium is a...

depression in the front of the middle concha. Big open space.

When the nasal bone is broken, the septal cartilage...

deviates one way and creates problems with airflow

The paranasal sinuses communicate with...

different parts of the nasal cavities.

Note that the nasal septum is rarely found ___________ and is often ____________ in CT and MRI of patients.

exactly in the middle of the nasal cavities; deviating on one side or the other

The roof of the maxillary sinus is formed by the...

floor of the orbit and the floor by the alveolar process.

Each half of the nasal cavity has a...

floor, a roof, a lateral wall and a medial wall (nasal septum).

The frontal sinuses are found in the...

frontal bone.

The floor of the nasal cavities is the...

hard palate

The lateral wall of the nose is theoretically...

identical on the right and the left side.

The ethmoidal bulla is found...

in the middle meatus

The uncinate process is _______ to the ethmoidal bulla

inferior and anterior

The funnel shaped anterior end of the hiatus is called the...

infundibulum

Anterior ethmoidal sinus in the...

infundibulum and middle meatus

The anterior group of the ethmoidal sinuses opens / drains into...

infundibulum of the middle meatus.

Each frontal sinus opens / drains into the ____________, through the __________.

infundibulum of the middle meatus; frontonasal duct

The inferior meatus is below and ______ to the...

lateral; inferior concha.

The middle meatus is below and _______ to the...

lateral; middle conchae

Maxillary sinus in the _______ through the _______

middle meatus; hiatus semilunaris

Frontal sinus in the _________ through the ________

middle meatus; infundibulum via frontonasal duct

The ostium of the maxillary sinus drains into the _________ at the _______ aspect of the

middle meatus; lower aspect; semilunar hiatus

Middle ethmoidal sinus in the _________ and __________

middle meatus; on or above the bulla ethmoidalis

The lateral wall of the nose is covered with...

mucosa

The nasal cavities are covered with...

mucosa

The paranasal sinuses are lined with...

mucosa

The roof of the nasal cavity is covered with...

mucosa

The floor of the nasal cavities is covered by...

mucosa.

The roof is ______ than the floor of the nose

narrower

Each orifice is bound medially by the ________ and laterally by ________.

nasal septum; a set of cartilages

The anterior boundary of the nasal cavity is the...

nostril (external nose)

The nasal cavities extend anteriorly from the ________ to the ________ posteriorly

nostrils; choanae

The middle group of the ethmoidal sinuses opens /drains into...

on or above the ethmoidal bulla

The nasal septum is a _________ structure covered with...

osteo-cartilaginous; mucous membrane.

The floor of the nasal cavities is formed anteriorly by the __________ and posteriorly by the __________.

palatine process of the maxilla; palatine bone

The sinuses are believed to play a role in...

phonation and in reducing the weight of the skull.

Choanae are known as...

posterior nasal openings / apertures

If you get infections in the sinuses, you will have...

pressure headaches. The mucosa sends that signal to let you know that is = infected / inflamed

The nasal cavities are divided into...

right and left halves by the nasal septum.

The hard palate is also the _______ of the oral cavity

roof

The ethmoidal bulla is a...

round prominence, caused by the middle ethmoidal sinuses

The sphenoethmoidal recess is a...

space in the corner that is superior to the superior concha, just inferior to the roof of the nasal cavities.

Sphenoidal sinus in the...

sphenoethmoidal recess

The opening of the sphenoidal sinuses (where they drain) is in the...

sphenoethmoidal recess.

The superior meatus is between the...

superior and the middle conchae.

Posterior ethmoidal sinus in the...

superior meatus

The mucous membrane for the ethmoidal sinuses is innervated by...

the anterior and posterior ethmoidal nerves.

The sphenoidal sinuses are located in...

the body of the sphenoid.

The ethmoidal sinuses are located in...

the ethmoid bone, between the nasal cavities and the orbit (eye), on the right and left side.

The nose is composed of...

the external nose and the nasal cavities.

The ostium of the maxillary sinus is...

the large opening of the maxillary sinus in the semilunar hiatus

The maxillary sinus opens / drains into...

the middle meatus through the hiatus semilunaris

Nose fractures refers to the ______ being fractured or displaced

the nasal bones

The medial wall of the nasal cavity is also called...

the nasal septum

If you get an infection in the frontal sinus, it will drain into...

the nose

The innervation to the mucous membrane of the sphenoidal sinuses is by...

the posterior ethmoidal nerves

The hiatus semilunaris is also called...

the semilunar hiatus

The posterior group of the ethmoidal sinuses opens drains into...

the superior meatus.

The frontal sinuses are roughly ________ in shape.

triangular

Conchae are also known as...

turbinates

The maxillary sinuses are located...

within the body of the maxilla.