Unit 3 - Lecture 8 Notes (The Nose, Paranasal Sinuses and Maxillary Nerve)
The hiatus infundibulum is ______ to the hiatus semilunaris
"above" / "superior"
CT Picture
(+) Border of maxillary sinus, (*) Opening / ostium of the maxillary sinus, (U) Uncinate process, (E) Ethmoid sinuses, (IT) Inferior turbinate or concha, (MT) Middle turbinate or concha, (S) Septum, (C) Concha bullosa
The lateral wall of the nose has...
1.) 3 conchae 2.) 3 meatus 3.) the atrium 4.) the vestibule 5.) the sphenoethmoidal recess
The nasal septum (medial wall) is composed of several bones/cartilage (posterior, superior, inferior, anterior):
1.) Posterior and superior: The vertical plate of the ethmoid bone 2.) Posterior and inferior: The vomer 3.) Anterior: The septal cartilage
Other structures that are part of the ethmoid bone:
1.) The ethmoidal bulla 2.) The uncinate process 3.) Hiatus infundibulum 4.) Hiatus semilunaris
The bony and cartilaginous framework of the external nose is composed of:
1.) The nasal bones 2.) The frontal processes of the maxilla 3.) The nasal part of the frontal bone 4.) The upper and lower nasal cartilages 5.) Additional small cartilages
The main groups of sinuses are:
1.) frontal sinuses 2.) ethmoidal sinuses 3.) sphenoidal sinuses 4.) maxillary sinuses
The roof of the nasal cavity is composed of (from posterior to anterior):
1.) the body of the sphenoid 2.) the cribriform plate of the ethmoid 3.) the frontal bone 4.) the nasal bone 5.) the nasal cartilage.
Ethmoidal sinuses are classically described as...
10 to 15 small cells in 3 groups (on each side): anterior, middle and posterior.
The external nose presents...
2 external orifices, the nostrils.
Conchae "types"
3: superior, middle and inferior conchae
Meatus "types"
3: superior, middle and inferior meatus
The hiatus infundibulum does what?
Communicates with the the frontal sinus
"Numbers" of each sinuses
Frontal sinuses (2), ethmoidal sinuses (2 sets), sphenoidal sinuses (2), maxillary sinuses (2) (Can be variations in these numbers)
Conchae do what?
Increase the surface area of the nasal cavity
Sinuses in the Skull Picture
Red = Frontal sinuses Green = Ethmoidal sinuses Blue = Maxillary sinuses
Phonation "definition" / example
Sound of your voice. Ex.) When you have a sinus infection, your voice sounds different
Frontal sinus "path"
The frontal sinus passes to --- hiatus infundibulum --- drains through frontonasal duct --- hiatus semilunaris in the middle meatus
Which sinus is the most difficult one to drain? Why?
The maxillary sinus due to the high position of its opening. Drainage point = very high on the medial wall
What is located in the posterior superior apertures?
The middle and the inferior concha (you can't see the superior concha from here)
What forms the posterior 1/3 of the hard palate?
The palatine bone
What can project up in the maxillary sinus?
The roots of some of the upper teeth (1st and 2nd premolar, 3rd molar).
What forms 1/3 of the nasal septum?
The septal cartilage
The superior, middle and inferior conchae and what they are "a part of"
The superior and middle conchae are part of the ethmoid bone whereas the inferior nasal concha is a bone on its own (have 1 on right and 1 on left side)
The space below each concha is called...
a meatus.
The hiatus semilunaris is...
a space between the ethmoidal bulla and uncinate process
The paranasal sinus cavities are normally filled with...
air.
The sphenoidal sinuses drain _______ into the sphenoethmoidal recess.
anteriorly
The external nose is an ________ of the face and is continuous with...
appendage; frontal bone and maxilla
The vestibule is a...
area anterior and inferior to the atrium, close to the opening of the nostrils. Space that leads to the atrium.
Sinuses = ______, but, they can be...
bilateral; different sizes, shapes, etc.
Conchae are...
bony projections
The ethmoidal bulla is also known as the
bulla ethmoidalis
The paranasal sinuses are defined as...
cavities found in the interior of the maxilla, frontal, sphenoid and ethmoid bones.
The posterior boundary of the nasal cavity is the...
choanae
The posterior boundary of the nasal cavities is the...
choanae.
The atrium is a...
depression in the front of the middle concha. Big open space.
When the nasal bone is broken, the septal cartilage...
deviates one way and creates problems with airflow
The paranasal sinuses communicate with...
different parts of the nasal cavities.
Note that the nasal septum is rarely found ___________ and is often ____________ in CT and MRI of patients.
exactly in the middle of the nasal cavities; deviating on one side or the other
The roof of the maxillary sinus is formed by the...
floor of the orbit and the floor by the alveolar process.
Each half of the nasal cavity has a...
floor, a roof, a lateral wall and a medial wall (nasal septum).
The frontal sinuses are found in the...
frontal bone.
The floor of the nasal cavities is the...
hard palate
The lateral wall of the nose is theoretically...
identical on the right and the left side.
The ethmoidal bulla is found...
in the middle meatus
The uncinate process is _______ to the ethmoidal bulla
inferior and anterior
The funnel shaped anterior end of the hiatus is called the...
infundibulum
Anterior ethmoidal sinus in the...
infundibulum and middle meatus
The anterior group of the ethmoidal sinuses opens / drains into...
infundibulum of the middle meatus.
Each frontal sinus opens / drains into the ____________, through the __________.
infundibulum of the middle meatus; frontonasal duct
The inferior meatus is below and ______ to the...
lateral; inferior concha.
The middle meatus is below and _______ to the...
lateral; middle conchae
Maxillary sinus in the _______ through the _______
middle meatus; hiatus semilunaris
Frontal sinus in the _________ through the ________
middle meatus; infundibulum via frontonasal duct
The ostium of the maxillary sinus drains into the _________ at the _______ aspect of the
middle meatus; lower aspect; semilunar hiatus
Middle ethmoidal sinus in the _________ and __________
middle meatus; on or above the bulla ethmoidalis
The lateral wall of the nose is covered with...
mucosa
The nasal cavities are covered with...
mucosa
The paranasal sinuses are lined with...
mucosa
The roof of the nasal cavity is covered with...
mucosa
The floor of the nasal cavities is covered by...
mucosa.
The roof is ______ than the floor of the nose
narrower
Each orifice is bound medially by the ________ and laterally by ________.
nasal septum; a set of cartilages
The anterior boundary of the nasal cavity is the...
nostril (external nose)
The nasal cavities extend anteriorly from the ________ to the ________ posteriorly
nostrils; choanae
The middle group of the ethmoidal sinuses opens /drains into...
on or above the ethmoidal bulla
The nasal septum is a _________ structure covered with...
osteo-cartilaginous; mucous membrane.
The floor of the nasal cavities is formed anteriorly by the __________ and posteriorly by the __________.
palatine process of the maxilla; palatine bone
The sinuses are believed to play a role in...
phonation and in reducing the weight of the skull.
Choanae are known as...
posterior nasal openings / apertures
If you get infections in the sinuses, you will have...
pressure headaches. The mucosa sends that signal to let you know that is = infected / inflamed
The nasal cavities are divided into...
right and left halves by the nasal septum.
The hard palate is also the _______ of the oral cavity
roof
The ethmoidal bulla is a...
round prominence, caused by the middle ethmoidal sinuses
The sphenoethmoidal recess is a...
space in the corner that is superior to the superior concha, just inferior to the roof of the nasal cavities.
Sphenoidal sinus in the...
sphenoethmoidal recess
The opening of the sphenoidal sinuses (where they drain) is in the...
sphenoethmoidal recess.
The superior meatus is between the...
superior and the middle conchae.
Posterior ethmoidal sinus in the...
superior meatus
The mucous membrane for the ethmoidal sinuses is innervated by...
the anterior and posterior ethmoidal nerves.
The sphenoidal sinuses are located in...
the body of the sphenoid.
The ethmoidal sinuses are located in...
the ethmoid bone, between the nasal cavities and the orbit (eye), on the right and left side.
The nose is composed of...
the external nose and the nasal cavities.
The ostium of the maxillary sinus is...
the large opening of the maxillary sinus in the semilunar hiatus
The maxillary sinus opens / drains into...
the middle meatus through the hiatus semilunaris
Nose fractures refers to the ______ being fractured or displaced
the nasal bones
The medial wall of the nasal cavity is also called...
the nasal septum
If you get an infection in the frontal sinus, it will drain into...
the nose
The innervation to the mucous membrane of the sphenoidal sinuses is by...
the posterior ethmoidal nerves
The hiatus semilunaris is also called...
the semilunar hiatus
The posterior group of the ethmoidal sinuses opens drains into...
the superior meatus.
The frontal sinuses are roughly ________ in shape.
triangular
Conchae are also known as...
turbinates
The maxillary sinuses are located...
within the body of the maxilla.
