Unit 3 Quiz 5

Which is the BEST explanation for the limited role of the government in the national economy in the years following the American Revolution? a) it was a compromise between the industrial North and agricultural South b) it evolved as an effort to compete with the French as they expanded westward c) it emerged as the best strategy to pay off our massive war debts to Great Britain d) it evolved as a reaction to the oppressive economic policies that existed during the colonial era

d) it evolved as a reaction to the oppressive economic policies that existed during the colonial era Alexander Hamilton and Thomas Jefferson both worked to "protect the common man from political and economic tyranny," which Americans had lived with under British colonial rule.

Political parties appeared in the United States shortly after the Constitution was adopted because a) Washington disliked Jefferson b) Great Britain had a two-party system c) the Constitution provides for a two-party system d) differences arose over political and economic issues

d) differences arose over political and economic issues Those who were more affluent wanted less government power, while those who had less wealth preferred a government that might protect their rights.

Which early president passed the unpopular Alien & Sedition acts, which restricted people speaking out against the government and allowed him to deport foreigners? a) President John Adams b) President James Madison c) President Thomas Jefferson d) President George Washington

a) President John Adams

When Virginia and Kentucky in the late 1700's and South Carolina in the 1830's refused to follow federal law they were practicing a) federalism b) nullification c) popular sovereignty d) checks and balances

b) nullification The states of Virginia and Kentucky both stated that they would ignore the laws of the federal government in response to the passage of the Alien and Sedition Acts. South Carolina echoed the sentiment later while protesting a tariff on imported manufactured goods. Both of these are examples of states practicing nullification of federal law.

-led by Alexander Hamilton -favored a strong central government -supported by businessmen, bankers, and merchants Which early American political party are these facts describing? a) the Whigs b) the Federalists c) the Anti-Federalists d) the Democratic-Republicans

b) the Federalists

The first American political party to successfully have a President in office was the a) Whigs b) Democrats c) Federalists d) Democratic-Republicans

c) Federalists They were formed by people who wanted ratification of the Constitution. Although against political parties, George Washington was a federalist in his second term. John Adams was also a federalist.

The XYZ Affair (1797) led to near formal war with a) Canada b) England c) France d) Germany

c) France The XYZ Affair occurred during the administration of John Adams. French Foreign Minister Talleyrand's refusal to meet American ambassadors without paying a bribe led to probably the lowest point in US-French relations in history.

Which of these is one way President Washington helped to calm citizens' anxiety in his Farewell Address? a) by listing steps for America to remain a strong country b) by admitting that he was overqualified to be president c) by saying that America had no threats to its success d) by offering to serve a third term of the presidency

a) by listing steps for America to remain a strong country Most of the address was made up of advice for how to sustain the independence of the country.

"Is another object of a bill of rights to define certain immunities and modes of proceeding, which are relative to personal and private concerns? This we have seen also been attended to, in a variety of cases, in the same plan." -Federalist, No. 84, 1788 Why did Hamilton say that a Bill of Rights was not necessary to be added to the Constitution? a) the national and state constitutions were already a bill of rights guaranteed by the people b) the Bill of Rights were already ample and of precise manner within the convention c) Great Britain had a Bill of Rights under which many were born under and had protection d) the people had natural rights that could not be taken away by the government

a) the national and state constitutions were already a bill of rights guaranteed by the people ...and the proposed constitution would be the bill of rights of the entire nation. Hamilton believed that a bill of rights would actually hinder personal freedoms as it could be examined and questioned.

The first major domestic crisis of the US government under the Constitution resulted from a) the tax on whiskey b) a mutiny of Army officers c) an attack on frontier settlements by the Iroquois d) a rebellion of farmers against the government of Massachusetts

a) the tax on whiskey Had the rebellion succeeded, the power of the government to collect taxes and thereby to remain in existence would have been undermined And keep this timeline in mind: -Shays' Rebellion: August 1786-June 1787 -Constitution Ratified: June 12, 1788 -Whiskey Rebellion: 1791-1794

1787-1816: Federalist Party: founded by pro-business and those who favored a strong central government 1792-1825: Democratic-Republican Party: started by Thomas Jefferson and those who favored a weak central government 1825-1860: Whig Party: formed from people who had been federalists 1828-present: Democratic Party: started by Andrew Jackson and supported by those who believed in States' Rights 1854-present: Republican Party: founded by former anti-slavery Whig and "Free Soilers" According to the timeline, which political party was founded by a "Founding Father?" a) Democratic b) Democratic-Republican c) Republican d) Whig

b) Democratic-Republican The Democratic-Republican Party was founded by Thomas Jefferson, a "Founding Father" of the United States. Remember that he was the main writer of the Declaration of Independence, and you really don't get more "Founding Father" than that.

The first major political issue faced by the US government after the ratification of the Constitution concerned the proposal of Alexander Hamilton to establish a a) Post Office b) National Bank c) deep water navy d) National University

b) National Bank He believed it was vital for the country to start its life with a vibrant upper class, and the National Bank, he believed, was a key to this.

"Is another object of a bill of rights to define certain immunities and modes of proceeding, which are relative to personal and private concerns? This we have seen also been attended to, in a variety of cases, in the same plan." -Federalist, No. 84, 1788 What is the main objection Hamilton is addressing in this essay? a) the establishment of a government would entail higher taxes b) a Bill of Rights was not necessary in the proposed constitution c) impeachment cases should not involve more than removal from office d) the access to a Bill of Rights was the corner stone of republican government

b) a Bill of Rights was not necessary in the proposed constitution Hamilton believed that the constitution itself, along with the constitutions of each state, was enough to protect the rights of the citizens; nothing else was needed.

Which of these is an example of sectionalism? a) all states following the same laws b) all states having separate economies c) protecting America's resources from foreign attack d) celebrating patriotism with one's family and friends

b) all states having separate economies Sectionalism is when one section of the country looks out for its own interests rather than the interests of the entire nation. This is one example of sectionalism because each state would have separate - and perhaps competing - economic goals.

Why were the Alien and Sedition Acts controversial? a) they were passed over President Adams' veto b) many thought they violated the Constitution c) they failed to arrest any people they targeted d) they were the first laws made under the new Constitution

b) many thought they violated the Constitution The Alien Act allowed the President to deport any alien for any reason, but mainly based on the belief that the person might be a danger to the US. The Sedition Act made it a crime to write or publish "false, scandalous, and malicious writing" against any official of the government or the government itself. Both laws, essentially meant to stop criticism of federalists policies, were derided as being unconstitutional, though they remained on the books for generations to come.

Later in the Federalist, No. 84, Hamilton says, "Here, in strictness, the people surrender nothing, and as they retain everything, they have no need of particular reservations." Hamilton believed that the new constitution would a) be very expensive to implement because of its strict structure b) protect all rights for the citizens and made a Bill of Rights useless c) be controversial, but would eventually help to unite the country as one nation d) eventually need a Bill of Rights, but it was too important to get the document ratified

b) protect all rights for the citizens and made a Bill of Rights useless Hamilton believed the document was complete in of itself and was unnecessary to add additional prospects of liberty and freedom.

Which of these actions is an example of American leaders following the advice President Washington gave in his Farewell Address? a) the creation of two opposing political parties during the 1796 elections b) the end of the French-American alliance in 1800, which ended the Quasi-War c) the Civil War, which was characterized by two sections of the country at war with each other d) Washington being asked to run for another presidential term in the presidential election of 1800

b) the end of the French-American alliance in 1800, which ended the Quasi-War Washington offered much advice in his Farewell Address, including warnings against sectionalism, political parties, and alliances with foreign nations.

"...that the gentlemen say are rendered incapable of bearing the [burden] of the state debts, by the adoption of the new constitution; I say, take the whole together, and they will contribute about a sixth only; whereas they would have had to contribute a fourth, if this constitution had not been established, and they had paid their part of the debt of the United States." In this excerpt from 1790, James Madison MOST directly opposes which economic proposal? a) the repayment of war debts to foreign investors b) the federal government's assumption of state debt c) the establishment of tariffs on international trade d) the selling of bonds and certificates to speculators

b) the federal government's assumption of state debt The plan for assumption of debt was proposed to balance the costs of the Revolutionary War that were much higher in the Northern than Southern states.

Which of these was a precedent set by the first President of the United States, George Washington? a) the popular election of the president b) the tradition of only serving two terms c) naming nine Justices to the Supreme Court d) addressing the Chief Executive as "Your Highness"

b) the tradition of only serving two terms This unofficial term limit would last until 1940, when Franklin Delano Roosevelt would run for a third term. He won and won again 4 years later. In 1951, the 22nd Amendment was passed, officially limiting a person to serving two terms as President. Also, remember that Washington originated the precedent of the president being addressed as "Mr. President."

According to George Washington's Farewell Address, which of these is MOST important to sustaining the United States and will be MOST frequently attacked by enemies? a) free trade b) unity of the states c) an agriculture-based economy d) development of political parties

b) unity of the states

What was the major reason for conflicts regarding domestic issues between Thomas Jefferson and Alexander Hamilton? a) they disagreed about the power of the Judicial branch b) Jefferson wanted to support Britain in its war with France c) Hamilton objected to Jefferson's interpretation of the Constitution d) Washington's decision not to get involved in the revolution in France

c) Hamilton objected to Jefferson's interpretation of the Constitution This conflict tore at the early political unity in the United States. Hamilton favored broad, sweeping powers for the federal government, while Jefferson considered himself a "strict" interpreter of the Constitution. This is a more correct response than any disagreement about the power of any branch of Congress: disputes about Constitutional interpretations would make the disagreements possible in the first place.

"Observe good faith and justice towards all Nations; cultivate peace and harmony will all...Who can doubt, that, in the course of time and things, the fruits of such a plan would richly repay any temporary advantages, which might be lost by a steady adherence to it?" (In his Farewell Address) Washington is urging future American leaders to a) remind citizens to be tolerant of their differences b) prevent the US from entering into foreign relations c) let morality guide their future foreign policy decisions d) keep freedom of religion the most important American right

c) let morality guide their future foreign policy decisions ...rather than temporarily pushing them aside for immediate political gain. This is the point of his statement that "Who can doubt, that, in the course of time and things, the fruits of such a plan would richly repay any temporary advantages, which might be lost by a steady adherence to it?"

"Among the numerous advantages promised by a well constructed Union, none deserves to be more accurately developed than its tendency to break and control the violence of faction..." When Madison uses the word faction, he is MOST likely be referring to a) abolition groups b) immigrant groups c) political parties d) educated northerners

c) political parties Madison's views of factions relate to the modern institution of political parties, though "special interest groups" could also be called "factions." His worry about their power is countered with an understanding that they are a part of a free society, and that the larger a free society grows the less it has to worry about the power of such groups.

In 1797, President John Adams sent Charles Cotesworth Pinckney, Elbridge Gerry, and John Marshall to Paris to negotiate an alliance between France and the United States. Charles Talleyrand, the French Foreign Minister, refused to receive the Americans. Instead, he designated three unofficial agents to negotiate with them. These agents demanded that America pay for alleged wrongs done to France, grant a large loan to finance the French war with Britain, and pay a bribe of about $240,000 to Talleyrand. By which name is this diplomatic controversy better known? a) Jay's Treaty b) the Quasi-War c) the XYZ Affair d) the Maximillian Affair

c) the XYZ Affair The XYZ Affair was a 1798 diplomatic episode during the administration of John Adams that Americans interpreted as a flagrant insult from the French. The American delegates found these demands unacceptable, and answered, "Not a sixpence."

"The very idea of the power and the right of the people to establish government presupposes the duty of every individual to obey the established government. All obstructions to the execution of the laws, all combinations and associations, under whatever plausible character...are destructive of this fundamental principle, and of fatal tendency. They serve to organize faction, to give it an artificial and extraordinary force; to put, in the place of the delegated will of the nation the will of a party, often a small but artful and enterprising minority of the community." Based on this excerpt from his "Farewell Address," George Washington was wary of a) the abuse of the system of checks and balances b) the making of alliances with foreign governments c) the formation and allegiance to political parties d) the growing loyalties to one's region rather than to one's country

c) the formation and allegiance to political parties Remember that he was not a member of a political party as President. He believed that the parties of the day - the federalists and democratic-republicans - put they will of its members over the will of the nation. It was one of many warnings Washington put forth in his final message as President.

Which of these BEST describes the advice George Washington gave Americans about relationships with foreign powers in his Farewell Address? a) America should align itself with one foreign nation permanently b) America should never align itself with Britain in any international disagreements c) America should form permanent alliances of peace with as many foreign nations as possible d) America should form temporary alliances with foreign nations only in extraordinary emergencies

d) America should form temporary alliances with foreign nations only in extraordinary emergencies In his Farewell Address, Washington stated that Americans should use their geographical isolation to their advantage to help them stay out of international affairs that did not affect them. He also strongly warned against all permanent alliances with foreign nations.

-led by Thomas Jefferson and James Madison -favored stronger state and local governments -supported by planters, farmers, and craftsmen Which early American political party are these describing? a) the Whigs b) the Federalists c) the Know-Nothings d) the Democratic-Republicans

d) Democratic-Republicans This party supported strong state and local governments and appealed to the nation's planters and farmers.

Fundamentally, the dispute between Thomas Jefferson and Alexander Hamilton during the Washington administration came down to the fact that a) Jefferson believed that political parties were necessary, while Hamilton believed that political parties were an unnecessary burden on the legislative process b) since Jefferson was a native of Virginia, he was a supporter of slavery and southern interests while Hamilton, from New York, represented northern industrial interests c) Jefferson thought that the US should not be involved in foreign affairs, while Hamilton recognized that, to be a great power, the US had to involve itself in the affairs of Europe d) Jefferson thought a strong central government would infringe on the rights of the people, while Hamilton believed that the central government needed to be strong to protect the rights of all

d) Jefferson thought a strong central government would infringe on the rights of the people, while Hamilton believed that the central government needed to be strong to protect the rights of all This dispute was, essentially, a foundation of the differences between the first two political parties in the United States.

The political followers of Thomas Jefferson took up the name "Democratic-Republicans," preferring a) the immediate abolition of slavery in border states b) a strong federal government with broad political powers c) more political and economic power for those with wealth d) a decentralized government with specific political powers

d) a decentralized government with specific political powers Thomas Jefferson, James Madison, and James Monroe were leading Democratic-Republicans.

Which of these would have MOST favored that financial plans of Alexander Hamilton? a) foreign industry b) Democratic-Republicans c) strict constructionists d) banks in northern states

d) banks in northern states As Secretary of the Treasury under Thomas Jefferson, Alexander Hamilton called for greater government control over the national debt. He called for the federal government to assume the debts of all states. This would not only increase the power of the national government, but it would aid banks in northern states, who held the notes on many of those loans. They would be guaranteed of not only getting their money back, but of making a hefty profit. Most of Hamilton's plan was eventually passed.

Alexander Hamilton's plan for a "national bank" was politically significant because a) it helped provide the country's first balanced budget b) it created the first income tax within the ruling class c) it triggered the duel with Aaron Burr that eventually killed Hamilton d) it caused the first direct conflict between supporters of strict interpretation versus loose interpretation of the Constitution

d) it caused the first direct conflict between supporters of strict interpretation versus loose interpretation of the Constitution His desire to win the support of the upper classes for the government set in motion a political rivalry based on wealth and class.

"Hence she must be engaged in frequent controversies, the causes of which are essentially foreign to out concerns...It is out true policy to steer clear of permanent alliances with any portion of the foreign world..." This quotation represents a major principle of US foreign policy known as _____, first espoused in the famous farewell address by President George Washington. a) emancipation b) belligerence c) interposition d) neutrality

d) neutrality The general tendency towards neutrality by the US continued up to World War I.

According to the Farewell Address, which of these BEST explains Washington's view on religion? a) religion would soon lose popularity among the American people b) religion should become the backbone of the American government c) religion causes people to behave badly and could hurt the country d) religion plays a large role in the United States' political success

d) religion plays a large role in the United States' political success Washington explained that religion helped citizens act morally and follow the country's laws. He advised that religion and morality were "indispensable supports" to the country's success.

"A passionate attachment of one Nation for another produces a variety of evils." -George Washington's Farewell Address, 1796 Based on the diplomatic philosophy of Washington, the United States did NOT become involved in what conflict? a) the Mexican War b) the War of 1812 c) the Seven Years War d) the French Revolution

d) the French Revolution The United States did not get involved in the French Revolution, in part because of Washington's diplomatic philosophy. Washington urged future politicians to practice the restraint and to not involve the US into entangling foreign alliances.

The Whiskey Rebellion was significant in US history MAINLY because a) the states proved that they could nullify federal laws b) the forces of prohibition achieved a ban on alcoholic beverages c) the states were able to pass legislation reversing a national tax d) the federal government used force to enforce the laws of the land

d) the federal government used force to enforce the laws of the land The Whiskey Rebellion (1791-1794) was an early challenge to the authority of the government created by the US Constitution. The use of national military troops to quell the insurrection showed that the federal government would use force to execute the laws of the land. The supremacy of the national government is guaranteed in Article VI of the US Constitution.

Alexander Hamilton based much of his financial program on his belief that a) land was the most important source of wealth b) speculation in government securities had to be prevented c) the states should be discouraged from depending on the federal government d) the success of the new government required the support of the upper class

d) the success of the new government required the support of the upper class His political views set in motion a rivalry within George Washington's administration.

Which of these BEST describes the purpose of the Alien and Sedition Acts? a) they prevented people from being citizens of the United States b) they provided a means to safely protect the country from French invasion c) they were meant to punish the federalists who supported the National Bank d) they were aimed at people who were criticizing President Adams' foreign policy

d) they were aimed at people who were criticizing President Adams' foreign policy John Adams and other federalists were concerned that the unrest in France - and the additional unrest caused by the revolution there - might spread to the United States. The Alien Act gave the government the right to deport any alien - without due process - considered dangerous to the peace of the country. The Sedition Act made it a crime to criticize government officials.

Alexander Hamilton and Thomas Jefferson disagreed over the proposed "National Bank" based on which issue? a) which executive department would be responsible for running it b) the wisdom of staffing such an institution with immigrants from Britain c) how much in additional taxes would be levied on citizens of the United States d) whether or not the Constitution gives the national government the power to establish the bank

d) whether or not the Constitution gives the national government the power to establish the bank A controversial issue in the early years of the United States was the national bank (the First National Bank of the United State). In particular, southern states eyed the merchants who supported the bank with suspicion.