Unit 3 Test 2023 AMH2010-64: United States History

Why did "tariff abominations" become a major campaign issue in the 1828 election?

Jackson campaigners used it to gain valuable farmer and merchant votes, knowing that southerners disagreed with it but were already for Jackson.

"Compare his condition with the tenants of the poor houses in the more civilized portions of Europe-look at the sick, and the old and infirm slave, on one hand, in the midst of his family and friends, under the kind superintending care of his master and mistress, and compare it with the forlorn and wretched condition of the pauper in the poorhouse. . . I turn to the political; and here I fearlessly assert that the existing relation between the two races in the South, against which these blind fanatics are waging war, forms the most solid and durable foundation on which to rear free and stable political institutions. . . The condition of society in the South exempts us from the disorders and dangers resulting from this conflict; and which explains why it is that the political condition of the slaveholding States has been so much more stable and quiet than that of the North. . ." -Source: John C. Calhoun, "Slavery as a Positive Good," 1837

Southerners saw slavery as a temporary practice that would only exist as long as the United States had an agricultural economy

"In terms of international power politics, the Monroe Doctrine represented the moment when the United States felt strong enough to assert a 'sphere of influence' that other powers must respect. In terms of national psychology, the Monroe Doctrine marked the moment when Americans no longer faced eastward across the Atlantic and turned to face westward across the continent. The changed orientation was reflected in domestic political alignments." -Source: Daniel Walker Howe, What Hath God Wrought: The Transformation of America, 1815-1848, 2007 According to the passage, which of the following best explains the most important effect that the Monroe Doctrine had on the United States?

The United States protected countries in the Western Hemisphere from further European intervention

Which statement best describes a major disadvantage to the extensive cotton production that took place in the Deep South?

The focus on a single industry that was profitable only to a small minority prevented industrial and commercial growth.

__________ denied states the right to take Native American tribal lands.

Worcester v. Georgia

What was the Underground Railroad?

an alleged deal whereby Henry Clay threw the presidency to John Quincy Adams in the election of 1824 in return for being named Secretary of State

The "corrupt bargain" was __________

an informal network of people that helped fugitive slaves make their way to the North

In the 1840s, which of the following was most likely to identify with the Whig party?

industrialists who wanted tariff protection

Planters who owned large plantation houses with at least 50 slaves made up __________ percent of the white population in the South in 1860.

less than 1%

The Adams-Onís Treaty________

made Florida a U.S. territory

The South became the world's greatest producer of cotton because______

the cotton gin had a tremendous impact on production

What was one goal of the American Colonization Society?

to enact gradual voluntary emancipation for slaves

-US Census Bureau The overall trend from 1800 to 1840 depicted on the graph resulted from which of the following?

new agricultural inventions like the Cotton Gin

"In debate, Democrats and Whigs alike employed the rhetoric of American republicanism, invoking popular 'virtue' against 'corruption,' though Democrats used it to denounce the money power and Whigs to denounce executive usurpation. Democrats more often looked to invoke Lockean natural rights; Whigs, Anglo-American traditions of resistance to monarchical misrule. Both traced their origins to Republicanism. . . For all that they had in common as American republicans, however, the Whigs and Democrats differed markedly in their conception of America's future. They disagreed not simply over means but also over ends. The goals of the two parties' voters added up to rival visions of the national destiny." -Source: Daniel Walker Howe, What Hath God Wrought: The Transformation of America, 1815-1848, 2007 Which of the following identifies one major change in United States politics from 1790 to 1840?

the development of a two-party system

"In the meantime, what has agriculture been doing in spite of all Mr. Clay's efforts to convert our young farmers into manufacturers? . . . Our agriculture is spreading in every direction, not only counties but by States, while population in our manufacturing regions is almost stationary. . . Although agriculture must thus outgrow this legislative home market, till our unexplored forests on north-western, western, and south-western borders, are converted into fields and pastures, we must go on taxing ourselves for generations to come, to increase the wealth of a small portion of our wealthy men and their posterity. Strip this American system of all its sophistries, and what is it, but a fraudulent partnership between a portion of our politicians and capitalists . . ." -Source: "Commercial Reciprocity and the American System," The United States Democratic Review, 1844 Based on the text, which of the following statements would the author most likely agree with?

The American System benefitted industrial economies more than agricultural economies.

"Opening up trade abroad became crucial for the Republican leaders. Desiring as they did the United States to remain predominantly rural and agricultural, they were confronted with the problem of ensuring sufficient markets for the agricultural surpluses of America's many hardworking and productive farmers. Since the Southern Republicans did not want America to develop huge urban centers, they could not assume the existence of a large domestic market for the surpluses of farm goods. If the farmers were unable to sell their produce somewhere, they would stagnate, slip into mere subsistence farming, and become idle and lazy and eventually morally unfit for republican government." -Source: Gordon S. Wood, Empire of Liberty: A History of the Early Republic, 1789-1815, 2009 Which of the following pieces of historical evidence from the United States census would best support the argument in the excerpt?

Data showing changes in agricultural production and price

What was an advantage to slaves living on large plantations with stable slave populations?

Families stayed intact and both parents typically shared in the child-rearing duties.

How did the Missouri Compromise impact slavery?

It ensured that slavery would remain in the South indefinitely.

"This unfortunate condition of the planters of the South has not been entirely the result of natural causes. The present crisis under which they labor, and which has been brought about by that unerring law that regulates the exchangeable commodities of all the commercial world, most clearly demonstrates that the culture of cotton as the great staple of our country, and the chief source of our national and individual wealth, engendered an inordinate eagerness to devote all the available agricultural labor of the South to its production; and the large surplus of which we now complain, the rapid accumulation of a few brief years, also conclusively demonstrates that the profits realized from its cultivation far out-stripped and defied the competition of any other agricultural staple." -Source: James Dunwoody Brownson De Bow, De Bow's Review, 1846 De Bow most likely wrote his account for which of the following reasons?

To inform the public of southern agricultural practices

Why was the Panic of 1837 significant for President Van Buren?

Van Buren had to respond but was hampered by his own political party's laissez-faire policies, dooming his reelection.

Which identifies an important effect of the violent slave rebellion of 1831?

White southerners became more committed to quashing antislavery ideas.

Which of the following was a significant long-term result of the major pattern depicted on the map ?

With little land available in the South, farmers looking to grow their farms moved past the Appalachian Mountains to find fertile land.

What did resistance within Jackson's own cabinet suggest about his Bank-killing policies?

Withdrawing funds from the national Bank and depositing them in state banks was probably unconstitutional.

"The question before us is the right of suffrage— who shall or who shall not have the right to vote. The committee have presented the scheme they thought best; to abolish all existing distinctions, and make the right of voting uniform. Is this not right? . . . The principle of the scheme now proposed is, that those who bear the burthens [sic] of the state, should choose those that rule it. — There is no privilege given to property, as such; but those who contribute to the public support, we consider as entitled to a share in the election of rulers." -Nathan Sanford, excerpt from the Report of the Debates and Proceedings of the Convention of the State of New York, 1821 The ideas expressed in the excerpt contributed most directly to which of the following?

extension of the right to vote to all white males

"As a means of effecting this end I suggest for your consideration the propriety of setting apart an ample district west of the Mississippi, and without the limit of any State or Territory now formed, to be guaranteed to the Indian tribes as long as they shall occupy it. . . There they may be secured in the enjoyment of governments of their own choice, subject to no other control from the United States than such as may be necessary to preserve peace on the frontier and between the several tribes. There the benevolent may endeavor to teach them the arts of civilization. . . "This emigration would be voluntary, for it would be as cruel and unjust to compel the aborigines to abandon the graves of their fathers and seek a home in a distant land. But they should be distinctly informed that if they remain within the limits of the States they must be subject to their laws. . ." -Source: Andrew Jackson, Messages and Papers of the Presidents, 1829 Which of the following events best represents a subsequent event that contradicts the sentiments expressed in the excerpt?

he forced relocation of indigenous people

Industrialization after 1815 altered the manufacturing system in the United States by __________

increasing production in the factory and decreasing it in the home

"[T]his momentous question, like a firebell in the night, awakened and filled me with terror. I considered it, at once as the [death] knell of the Union. It is hushed, indeed, for the moment. But this is a reprieve only, not a final sentence. A geographical line, coinciding with a marked principle, moral and political, once conceived, and held up to the angry passions of men, will never be obliterated; and every new irritation will mark it deeper and deeper." -Thomas Jefferson, in a letter to John Randolph, 1820 Jefferson's remarks in the excerpt most directly reflected which of the following developments during the early nineteenth century?

increasing regional differences over the expansion of slavery

Canals in early nineteenth-century America __________

linked the Atlantic coastal cities to the lakes and rivers of the interior

During the Second Seminole War of 1835-1842, __________.

many escaped slaves hiding in Florida fought with the Native Americans against U.S. soldiers

The nullification crisis was strongly influenced by __________.

the personal feud between Jackson and Calhoun