Unit 3 Test

Rates of type 1 & type 2 diabetes in Puerto Ricans

2-3 x higher in Puerto Ricans than whites

ranking of peppers

>HOT: Habanero (150,000 - 570,000) >Scotch Bonnet (150,000 - 325,000) >Cayenne (30,000) >Chipotle (5,000) >Jalapeno (2,500) >Poblano (1,000) >Sweet bell (0) >Pimiento (0)

jerk

>Jamaica >wet spice mixture used as barbecue seasoning

Haji

>Japanese >do not bring shame (social control)

Koko

>Japanese >family members/individuals relationships

Miso

>Japanese >fermented soybean paste >variety of seasonings

shintoism

>Japanese >humans are inherently good >evil is caused by pollution/filthiness

nori

>Japanese >paper-thin sheet of algae >wrap sushi

Enryo

>Japanese >respect, humility

sushi

>Japanese >rice topped with seafood

sake

>Japanese >rice wine >served warm

Gaman

>Japanese >self-control, suppress emotions

kimchi

>Korean >spicy pickled cabbage

Bunuelos

>MX >circles of sweet pastry dough fried until puffy >eaten fresh w/ sugar and cinnamon >broken up and added to cinnamon syrup >eaten w/ cafe con leche

Chipotle

>MX >dried, smoked jalapeno chiles

Quincenera

>MX >girl's 15th b-day celebration >coming of age

tamales

>MX >masa in corn husks + filling

nopales

>MX >young cactus leaves

avocado

>MX & Central America >green & black >succulent, smooth flesh

pinto beans

>MX, Central America

papaya

>MX, Central America >"pawpaw" >yellow tropical fruit

masa harina

>MX, Central America >flour

tomatillo

>MX, Central America >green, tomato-like

overall nutrition evaluation of traditional Korean diet

>low fat intake >high vitamin A, C, beta-carotene, niacin, fiber >low calcium

overall nutrition evaluation of traditional Chinese diet

>low in fat and dairy >high in complex carbs and sodium >low rates of obesity/overweight/diabetes >diet changes with acculturation

connection between Mexican & Central American celebrations and religion

>many Catholics, some still practice Mayan religious beliefs >celebrations focus on Catholic holidays

mestizos

>mixed race >of indian and Spanish ancestry

common cultural foods of Koreans

>no dairy >BEEF >seafood >soybeans >rice, noodles >variety of fruits, pickled veggies >sweet, sour, bitter, hot, salty combined into one meal >herbal/rice tea

contrast in worldview of North and South Korea

>only Marxism in North Korea >many religious beliefs in South Korea (other beliefs suppressed)

common stuffed foods in South America

>pastry turnovers w/ meat, fish, or cheese >can have anything inside >baked or fried >empanadas, saltenas, chapanas, bollos, pamonhas, hallacas, humitas

Latino definition, prevalence

>people from Mexico, Caribbean, Central/South America >suggests culture of Latin heritage, not exclusively from Spain >do not necessarily speak Spanish >no clear definition >13%

Chinese cultural rules of contact and communication

>quiet, conversational approach >pause to show thoughtfulness - do not interrupt >indirect eye contact >tend not to ask questions >greeting: nod, slight bow >touching is uncommon/inappropriate > women not comfortable w/ male touching/examining her

Korean conversational style

>quiet, nonassertive approach >avoid emotion over unpleasant topics >hesitant to say no or to disagree >direct eye contact >few gestures >touching uncommon

primary staples of traditional Mongolian diet

>red foods (meat) & white foods (dairy) >mutton, goat, beef, camel >dairy from cow, sheep, goat, camel >millet is staple grain >tea

traditions of Chinese New Year

>smear honey/sweet rice on Kitchen God's lips >do not use knives on first day (might cut luck) >lucky-sounding food is eaten >wishes/foods/presents exchanged >money in red envelopes >end: Feast of Lanterns (dragon dancing, fireworks)

Chicanos

>those who were born in the US (from descendants of wealthy landowners to new arrivals) and those who immigrated to the US and became citizens

braceros

>work here legally but still are Mexican citizens

US city with the largest Cuban population

Miami

five culinary regions of China

NORTH: Shadong, Honan SOUTH: Sichuan-Hunan, Yunnan, Cantonese

top 3 cities for Hispanic immigration

New York City Los Angeles Houston

unauthorized migrants

enter country illegally

edamame

>Chinese >young soybean pods boiled in salt water & popped open

guava

>Colombia, Venezuela, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Caribbean >hypoglycemic properties >tropical fruit

empanadas

>Columbia, Argentina >stuffed turnover >can have mashed potatoes, cassava, corn >can be baked/fried

fan and cai foods

>Chinese CAI: >cooked meats/veggies >shared on center of table >helps people eat grain bc its more tasty FAN: >primary item of a meal >not a complete meal without it >meal can be complete without cai

Bok choy

>Chinese cabbage

bean sprouts

>Chinese, Japanese, Korean

soy sauce

>Chinese, Japanese, Korean

rastafari

>Afro-caribbean faith >natural simple lifestyle >marijuana

mate

>Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay (South America) >caffeinated tea

dende oil

>Brazil >type of palm oil

batidas

>Brazil, Cuba >fruit juice blended with milk and ice

tapioca

>Caribbean >a starch product of manioc

voodoo

>Caribbean >folk religion >combination of West African rituals with Catholic beliefs & local customs

rum

>Caribbean >spirit distilled from fermented molasses

cassava

>Caribbean Islands, South America (all) >starchy, tuberous root

plantains

>Caribbean, South America >like bananas

refrescas

>Central America >cold, tropical fruit flavored drinks

taoism

>Chinese >people are subordinate to nature >heaven and humanity work together to acheive harmony >yin/yang >simple life >avoid extremes

hoisin sauce

>Chinese >red/brown paste/sauce >spicy and sweet >soybeans, rice, sugar, garlic, ginger, spices

Congee

>Chinese >rice porridge

Confucianism

>Chinese >social/ethical philosophy >fatherly love >obey parents >tolerance >humility >proper behavior of husband >submission of wife >respect elders >allegiance to rulers

acupuncture

>Chinese >thin needles inserted to restore harmony

qi

>Chinese >vital force of life >equated with energy, air, & breath

Hot and Cold Theory of Health

>MX, Central American >based on concept that the world's resources are limited & must remain in balance >must stay in harmony with environment >hot = strength >cold = weakness >classified by proximity to sun, method of preparation, & how it affects the body >unbalanced meals = illness >balanced meals = promote health >rice (hot), soup (hot & cold ingredients), beans (cold) consist of a balanced meal

meal composition and cycle of poor vs affluent Caribbean Islanders

>Poor: cassava, tomatoes, chiles & salted fish every meal >wealthy: more meats & foreign dishes, US groceries

influences that make Brazilian cooking so different from other South American countries

>Portuguese & African >Portuguese: dried salt cod, meats & veggies, sweet >African: dende oil, okra, spice

branch of Christianity that the vast majority of South Americans follow; effect on health

>Roman Catholic > seek saints' help when ill

achiote

>Yucatan, MX >bright red, nutty flavored seed >mixed with sour orange juice and mild spices to make recado colorado, a flavorful paste used to coat foods before cooking

manioc

>all (Caribbean Islands, South America) >a variety of cassava

Yuca

>all (Caribbean, South America) >a variety of cassava

Mexican-American view of: >breastfeeding >elevated BMI >family participation in healthcare

>breastfeeding is very common >believe elevated BMI indicates health/well-being (rates are equal to or greater than whites) >family participation in healthcare is common; family consulted before diagnosis or treatment

most commonly consumed non-alcoholic & alcoholic beverages of Mexico

>coffee >beer

Common Latin American foods with Mayan roots

>corn, beans, squash, tomatoes, chiles, fruit, cocoa, game

foods of southern China

>dairy, hot/spicy, stir fry >staples: rice, soybeans >mushrooms, poultry, pork, eggs

feast of lanterns

>ends Chinese New Year >dragon dance & fireworks

How do Chicanos and Central Americans typically view and value the family unit?

>family is the most important social unit >family needs are put before individual needs >children are cherished >typically have large families >grandparents are honored >gender roles

Traditional Chinese Medicine

>from 2,500 BCE >dynamic equilibrium of forces necessary for health >5 elements: fire, earth, metal, water, wood >elements correspond to heart, spleen, lungs, kidneys, gallbladder >elements correspond with secretions, colors, directions, seasons, tastes, emotions >some organs are yin, others are yang; must be kept in balance/harmony >diseases reflect imbalance of yin & yang >body & mind are unified, governed by heart >symptoms corresponding to emotions >properly balanced diet (yin/yang foods) is important for health >accupuncture

staples of Korean meals

>grains flavored w/ spicy vegetable & meat/poultry/fish side >rice and noodles >fresh fruit >seafood

foods in northern China

>grill/bbq (Mongolian) >preserved foods >staples: millet, sorghum, soybeans (limited bc cooler climate)

Caribbean Islanders views on higher BMI

>high BMI is associated with well-being

preferred communication style of Latinos

>high context >non-confrontational >warm, dignified relationship

overall nutrition evaluation of traditional Japanese diet

>high in carbs >low in fat/cholesterol

main nutritional concerns of a traditional Caribbean diet limited because of income

>lack of vitamins/minerals (vit. A, C, & calcium) >because few green, leafy vegetables

barriers to nutrition counseling people from the Caribbean Islands

>language >different health beliefs >limited access to medical care >idea that God controls fate >illness is a sign of weakness >overuse, misuse, and addiction to drugs (easy to get)

barriers to nutrition counseling people from South America

>limited access to medical care >no prevention >avoid the government >language >poor compliance

common cultural foods of Chinese

>little dairy >calcium from tofu, soy milk, small bones, dissolved bones >few protein rich foods >beef, pork, fish >wheat in north, rice in south >cut into bite size before cooking >unripe fruit as dessert >pickled, dried or preserved

common cultural foods of Caribbean islands

>little dairy >high in vegetable protein >red/kidney beans in Puerto Rico >black beans in Cuba >Pork/beef in Spanish-influenced countries >eggs as protein for poor >fried in lard/olive oil >breads of other countries, fried breads >starchy fruits/vegetables >few leafy veggies >variety of tropical fruits >lime juice to marinate >hot chiles, spices >tea, rum

common cultural foods of Japanese

>little dairy >soybean products >raw seafood >chicken more than beef >rice >wheat in form of noodles >fresh fruits/veggies >green tea, black coffee >sake or beer with dinner

common cultural foods of Mexicans

>little dairy (lactose intolerance) >vegetable is primary protein (esp. for poor) >pork, goat, poultry are common >beef in north >seafood near coasts >corn & rice everywhere >wheat in north >tortilla, European style bread rolls are popular >vegetables served as part of a dish, not separately >heavily spiced >low in fats >Spanish influenced pastries, candies, custards/puddings

common cultural foods of Central Americans

>little dairy, some evaporated milk/cream >legumes w/ rice >pork is popular, eggs >seafood, sea turtle eggs near coasts >rice & corn mainly. some wheat bread >tropical fruits >cilantro, sour orange juice, coconut milk, achiote >hot coco, coffee, refrescas >lard is most commonly used fat

common cultural foods of South Americans

>little milk (although mild-based desserts popular) >BEEF, game, seafood >beans >cornmeal, corn, rice >tropical and temperate fruits >potatoes, cassava, tapioca >coconut milk, peanut sauce >MATE, coffee

countries where Carnival is most popular

Brazil, Ecuador, Peru, Uraguay

phrase used in Mexico, Central America, Puerto Rico, and Columbia to signal it's okay to begin a meal

Buen Provecho

how Japanese Shinto and Buddhist beliefs influence Japanese health practices

Shinto: purity/pollution; health maintained by cleanliness & avoidance of contaminants Buddhist: harmony/balance

most popular beverage in Caribbean

coffee

Common Latin American foods with Aztec roots

corn, legumes, game

favored method of preparing meats in South America

grilled, slowly cooked (asado), marinated, steamed

unique indigenous meats consumed in South America

llama, deer, rabbit, wild pig, capybara, tapir, cuy (guinea pig), fish, iguana, alligators

effect of size, ripeness, drying on heat intensity

smaller = hotter riper = hotter dried = hotter