Unit 3 Test
Rates of type 1 & type 2 diabetes in Puerto Ricans
2-3 x higher in Puerto Ricans than whites
ranking of peppers
>HOT: Habanero (150,000 - 570,000) >Scotch Bonnet (150,000 - 325,000) >Cayenne (30,000) >Chipotle (5,000) >Jalapeno (2,500) >Poblano (1,000) >Sweet bell (0) >Pimiento (0)
jerk
>Jamaica >wet spice mixture used as barbecue seasoning
Haji
>Japanese >do not bring shame (social control)
Koko
>Japanese >family members/individuals relationships
Miso
>Japanese >fermented soybean paste >variety of seasonings
shintoism
>Japanese >humans are inherently good >evil is caused by pollution/filthiness
nori
>Japanese >paper-thin sheet of algae >wrap sushi
Enryo
>Japanese >respect, humility
sushi
>Japanese >rice topped with seafood
sake
>Japanese >rice wine >served warm
Gaman
>Japanese >self-control, suppress emotions
kimchi
>Korean >spicy pickled cabbage
Bunuelos
>MX >circles of sweet pastry dough fried until puffy >eaten fresh w/ sugar and cinnamon >broken up and added to cinnamon syrup >eaten w/ cafe con leche
Chipotle
>MX >dried, smoked jalapeno chiles
Quincenera
>MX >girl's 15th b-day celebration >coming of age
tamales
>MX >masa in corn husks + filling
nopales
>MX >young cactus leaves
avocado
>MX & Central America >green & black >succulent, smooth flesh
pinto beans
>MX, Central America
papaya
>MX, Central America >"pawpaw" >yellow tropical fruit
masa harina
>MX, Central America >flour
tomatillo
>MX, Central America >green, tomato-like
overall nutrition evaluation of traditional Korean diet
>low fat intake >high vitamin A, C, beta-carotene, niacin, fiber >low calcium
overall nutrition evaluation of traditional Chinese diet
>low in fat and dairy >high in complex carbs and sodium >low rates of obesity/overweight/diabetes >diet changes with acculturation
connection between Mexican & Central American celebrations and religion
>many Catholics, some still practice Mayan religious beliefs >celebrations focus on Catholic holidays
mestizos
>mixed race >of indian and Spanish ancestry
common cultural foods of Koreans
>no dairy >BEEF >seafood >soybeans >rice, noodles >variety of fruits, pickled veggies >sweet, sour, bitter, hot, salty combined into one meal >herbal/rice tea
contrast in worldview of North and South Korea
>only Marxism in North Korea >many religious beliefs in South Korea (other beliefs suppressed)
common stuffed foods in South America
>pastry turnovers w/ meat, fish, or cheese >can have anything inside >baked or fried >empanadas, saltenas, chapanas, bollos, pamonhas, hallacas, humitas
Latino definition, prevalence
>people from Mexico, Caribbean, Central/South America >suggests culture of Latin heritage, not exclusively from Spain >do not necessarily speak Spanish >no clear definition >13%
Chinese cultural rules of contact and communication
>quiet, conversational approach >pause to show thoughtfulness - do not interrupt >indirect eye contact >tend not to ask questions >greeting: nod, slight bow >touching is uncommon/inappropriate > women not comfortable w/ male touching/examining her
Korean conversational style
>quiet, nonassertive approach >avoid emotion over unpleasant topics >hesitant to say no or to disagree >direct eye contact >few gestures >touching uncommon
primary staples of traditional Mongolian diet
>red foods (meat) & white foods (dairy) >mutton, goat, beef, camel >dairy from cow, sheep, goat, camel >millet is staple grain >tea
traditions of Chinese New Year
>smear honey/sweet rice on Kitchen God's lips >do not use knives on first day (might cut luck) >lucky-sounding food is eaten >wishes/foods/presents exchanged >money in red envelopes >end: Feast of Lanterns (dragon dancing, fireworks)
Chicanos
>those who were born in the US (from descendants of wealthy landowners to new arrivals) and those who immigrated to the US and became citizens
braceros
>work here legally but still are Mexican citizens
US city with the largest Cuban population
Miami
five culinary regions of China
NORTH: Shadong, Honan SOUTH: Sichuan-Hunan, Yunnan, Cantonese
top 3 cities for Hispanic immigration
New York City Los Angeles Houston
unauthorized migrants
enter country illegally
edamame
>Chinese >young soybean pods boiled in salt water & popped open
guava
>Colombia, Venezuela, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Caribbean >hypoglycemic properties >tropical fruit
empanadas
>Columbia, Argentina >stuffed turnover >can have mashed potatoes, cassava, corn >can be baked/fried
fan and cai foods
>Chinese CAI: >cooked meats/veggies >shared on center of table >helps people eat grain bc its more tasty FAN: >primary item of a meal >not a complete meal without it >meal can be complete without cai
Bok choy
>Chinese cabbage
bean sprouts
>Chinese, Japanese, Korean
soy sauce
>Chinese, Japanese, Korean
rastafari
>Afro-caribbean faith >natural simple lifestyle >marijuana
mate
>Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay (South America) >caffeinated tea
dende oil
>Brazil >type of palm oil
batidas
>Brazil, Cuba >fruit juice blended with milk and ice
tapioca
>Caribbean >a starch product of manioc
voodoo
>Caribbean >folk religion >combination of West African rituals with Catholic beliefs & local customs
rum
>Caribbean >spirit distilled from fermented molasses
cassava
>Caribbean Islands, South America (all) >starchy, tuberous root
plantains
>Caribbean, South America >like bananas
refrescas
>Central America >cold, tropical fruit flavored drinks
taoism
>Chinese >people are subordinate to nature >heaven and humanity work together to acheive harmony >yin/yang >simple life >avoid extremes
hoisin sauce
>Chinese >red/brown paste/sauce >spicy and sweet >soybeans, rice, sugar, garlic, ginger, spices
Congee
>Chinese >rice porridge
Confucianism
>Chinese >social/ethical philosophy >fatherly love >obey parents >tolerance >humility >proper behavior of husband >submission of wife >respect elders >allegiance to rulers
acupuncture
>Chinese >thin needles inserted to restore harmony
qi
>Chinese >vital force of life >equated with energy, air, & breath
Hot and Cold Theory of Health
>MX, Central American >based on concept that the world's resources are limited & must remain in balance >must stay in harmony with environment >hot = strength >cold = weakness >classified by proximity to sun, method of preparation, & how it affects the body >unbalanced meals = illness >balanced meals = promote health >rice (hot), soup (hot & cold ingredients), beans (cold) consist of a balanced meal
meal composition and cycle of poor vs affluent Caribbean Islanders
>Poor: cassava, tomatoes, chiles & salted fish every meal >wealthy: more meats & foreign dishes, US groceries
influences that make Brazilian cooking so different from other South American countries
>Portuguese & African >Portuguese: dried salt cod, meats & veggies, sweet >African: dende oil, okra, spice
branch of Christianity that the vast majority of South Americans follow; effect on health
>Roman Catholic > seek saints' help when ill
achiote
>Yucatan, MX >bright red, nutty flavored seed >mixed with sour orange juice and mild spices to make recado colorado, a flavorful paste used to coat foods before cooking
manioc
>all (Caribbean Islands, South America) >a variety of cassava
Yuca
>all (Caribbean, South America) >a variety of cassava
Mexican-American view of: >breastfeeding >elevated BMI >family participation in healthcare
>breastfeeding is very common >believe elevated BMI indicates health/well-being (rates are equal to or greater than whites) >family participation in healthcare is common; family consulted before diagnosis or treatment
most commonly consumed non-alcoholic & alcoholic beverages of Mexico
>coffee >beer
Common Latin American foods with Mayan roots
>corn, beans, squash, tomatoes, chiles, fruit, cocoa, game
foods of southern China
>dairy, hot/spicy, stir fry >staples: rice, soybeans >mushrooms, poultry, pork, eggs
feast of lanterns
>ends Chinese New Year >dragon dance & fireworks
How do Chicanos and Central Americans typically view and value the family unit?
>family is the most important social unit >family needs are put before individual needs >children are cherished >typically have large families >grandparents are honored >gender roles
Traditional Chinese Medicine
>from 2,500 BCE >dynamic equilibrium of forces necessary for health >5 elements: fire, earth, metal, water, wood >elements correspond to heart, spleen, lungs, kidneys, gallbladder >elements correspond with secretions, colors, directions, seasons, tastes, emotions >some organs are yin, others are yang; must be kept in balance/harmony >diseases reflect imbalance of yin & yang >body & mind are unified, governed by heart >symptoms corresponding to emotions >properly balanced diet (yin/yang foods) is important for health >accupuncture
staples of Korean meals
>grains flavored w/ spicy vegetable & meat/poultry/fish side >rice and noodles >fresh fruit >seafood
foods in northern China
>grill/bbq (Mongolian) >preserved foods >staples: millet, sorghum, soybeans (limited bc cooler climate)
Caribbean Islanders views on higher BMI
>high BMI is associated with well-being
preferred communication style of Latinos
>high context >non-confrontational >warm, dignified relationship
overall nutrition evaluation of traditional Japanese diet
>high in carbs >low in fat/cholesterol
main nutritional concerns of a traditional Caribbean diet limited because of income
>lack of vitamins/minerals (vit. A, C, & calcium) >because few green, leafy vegetables
barriers to nutrition counseling people from the Caribbean Islands
>language >different health beliefs >limited access to medical care >idea that God controls fate >illness is a sign of weakness >overuse, misuse, and addiction to drugs (easy to get)
barriers to nutrition counseling people from South America
>limited access to medical care >no prevention >avoid the government >language >poor compliance
common cultural foods of Chinese
>little dairy >calcium from tofu, soy milk, small bones, dissolved bones >few protein rich foods >beef, pork, fish >wheat in north, rice in south >cut into bite size before cooking >unripe fruit as dessert >pickled, dried or preserved
common cultural foods of Caribbean islands
>little dairy >high in vegetable protein >red/kidney beans in Puerto Rico >black beans in Cuba >Pork/beef in Spanish-influenced countries >eggs as protein for poor >fried in lard/olive oil >breads of other countries, fried breads >starchy fruits/vegetables >few leafy veggies >variety of tropical fruits >lime juice to marinate >hot chiles, spices >tea, rum
common cultural foods of Japanese
>little dairy >soybean products >raw seafood >chicken more than beef >rice >wheat in form of noodles >fresh fruits/veggies >green tea, black coffee >sake or beer with dinner
common cultural foods of Mexicans
>little dairy (lactose intolerance) >vegetable is primary protein (esp. for poor) >pork, goat, poultry are common >beef in north >seafood near coasts >corn & rice everywhere >wheat in north >tortilla, European style bread rolls are popular >vegetables served as part of a dish, not separately >heavily spiced >low in fats >Spanish influenced pastries, candies, custards/puddings
common cultural foods of Central Americans
>little dairy, some evaporated milk/cream >legumes w/ rice >pork is popular, eggs >seafood, sea turtle eggs near coasts >rice & corn mainly. some wheat bread >tropical fruits >cilantro, sour orange juice, coconut milk, achiote >hot coco, coffee, refrescas >lard is most commonly used fat
common cultural foods of South Americans
>little milk (although mild-based desserts popular) >BEEF, game, seafood >beans >cornmeal, corn, rice >tropical and temperate fruits >potatoes, cassava, tapioca >coconut milk, peanut sauce >MATE, coffee
countries where Carnival is most popular
Brazil, Ecuador, Peru, Uraguay
phrase used in Mexico, Central America, Puerto Rico, and Columbia to signal it's okay to begin a meal
Buen Provecho
how Japanese Shinto and Buddhist beliefs influence Japanese health practices
Shinto: purity/pollution; health maintained by cleanliness & avoidance of contaminants Buddhist: harmony/balance
most popular beverage in Caribbean
coffee
Common Latin American foods with Aztec roots
corn, legumes, game
favored method of preparing meats in South America
grilled, slowly cooked (asado), marinated, steamed
unique indigenous meats consumed in South America
llama, deer, rabbit, wild pig, capybara, tapir, cuy (guinea pig), fish, iguana, alligators
effect of size, ripeness, drying on heat intensity
smaller = hotter riper = hotter dried = hotter
