Unit 4

The largest group of whites in the South _______. a. owned between ten and ninety-nine slaves each b. owned no slaves c. owned over one hundred slaves each d. owned between one and nine slaves each

b

Which Confederate state was the last to secede from the Union? a. Texas b. Tennessee c. Louisiana

b

Which community or movement is associated with transcendentalism? a. the Ephrata Cloister b. Brook Farm c. Fourierism d. the Oneida Community

b

Which new church grew quickly in spite of being met with hostility after it was founded in the 1830s? a. Pentecostalism b. Mormonism c. Protestantism d. Catholicism

b

Which of the following was not a component of the Compromise of 1850? a. a ban on the slave trade in Washington, DC b. the admission of Kansas as a free state c. the admission of California as a free state d. the passage of the Fugitive Slave Act

b

Which reformer focused on women's roles as the educators of children a. Sarah Grimke b. Catherine Beecher c. Lydia Maria Child d. Susan B. Anthony

b

Which slave state remained in the Union during the U.S. Civil War? a. Arkansas b. Kentucky c. Virginia

b

Why did many northerners consider conscription to be unfair during the U.S. Civil War? a. It forced all men to join the draft regardless of their age or health. b. It allowed wealthier draftees to hire substitutes and avoid fighting. c. It favored those who lived further from the Confederate border.

b

a state of war in which the government makes no distinction between military and civilian targets, and mobilizes all resources, extending its reach into all areas of citizens' lives

total war

the belief that all people can attain an understanding of the world that exceeds rational, sensory experience

transcendentalism

a believer in the complete elimination of slavery

abolitionist

a term meaning "before the war" and used to describe the decades before the American Civil War began in 1861

antebellum

In 1856, in which territory did confrontations between free- and slave-state factions become violent? a. Oregon b. Kansas c. Utah

b

In the context of the antebellum era, what does colonization refer to? a. Great Britain's colonization of North America b. the relocation of slaves to Africa c. American colonization of the Caribbean d. the American annexation of Africa

b

In the nineteenth century, which Protestant denomination grew in numbers in the United States due to increased immigration from Germany? a. Episcopalism b. Lutheranism c. Methodism d. No answer text provided.

b

John C. Calhoun argued for greater rights for southerners with which idea? a. majority rule b. concurrent majority c. paternalism d. polygenism

b

The Confederacy was founded when which state seceded from the Union? a. Georgia b. South Carolina c. Mississippi

b

The controversy at the heart of the Ostend Manifesto centered on the fate of: a. Ostend, Belgium b. Cuba c. Louisiana d. Nicaragua

b

The first temperance laws were enacted by a. the Supreme Court b. local governments c. state governments d. the Federal government

b

the Union fighting force operating outside Washington, DC

Army of the Potomac

the Union fighting force operating in Kentucky, Tennessee, and the Mississippi River Valley

Army of the West

a reference to the violent clashes in Kansas between Free-Soilers and slavery supporters

Bleeding Kansas

five laws passed by Congress to resolve issues stemming from the Mexican Cession and the sectional crisis

Compromise of 1850

the new nation formed by the seceding southern states

Confederacy

Democrats who opposed Lincoln in the 1864 election

Copperheads

an American denomination, also known as the Latter-Day Saints, that emphasized patriarchal leadership

Mormons

the secret diplomatic memo stating that if Spain refused to sell Cuba to the United States, the United States was justified in taking the island as a national security measure

Ostend Manifesto

an antislavery political party formed in 1854 in response to Stephen Douglas's Kansas- Nebraska Act

Republican Party

a revival of evangelical Protestantism in the early nineteenth century.

Second Great Awakening

the location of the first American conference on women's rights and the signing of the "Declaration of Rights and Sentiments" in 1848.

Seneca Falls

a religious sect that emphasized communal living and celibacy.

Shakers

the scorched-earth campaign employed in Georgia by the Union Army

Sherman's March to the Sea

a social movement encouraging moderation or self-restraint in the consumption of alcoholic beverages.

Temperance

an 1857 case in which the Supreme Court ruled that blacks could not be citizens and Congress had no jurisdiction to impede the expansion of slavery

Dred Scott v. Sandford

signed on January 1, 1863, the document with which President Lincoln transformed the Civil War into a struggle to end slavery

Emancipation Proclamation

where the Union garrison came under siege by Confederate forces in an attack on April 12, 1861, beginning the Civil War

Fort Sumter

a political party committed to ensuring that white laborers would not have to compete with unpaid slaves in newly acquired territories

Free-Soil Party

the site of a federal arsenal in Virginia, where radical abolitionist John Brown staged an ill-fated effort to end slavery by instigating a mass uprising among slaves

Harpers Ferry

During the U.S. Civil War, what did Northerners do to raise money for the war effort that Southerners did not? a. sell government bonds b. raise local taxes c. impose direct federal taxes

a

How did abolitionists use the political system to fight slavery? a. by forming third parties that advocated laws against slavery b. by bringing lawsuits against slave-owners on constitutional grounds c. by encouraging slaves and free black workers to refuse to work

a

In the early United States, sectionalism first arose due to conflict over which divisive issue? a. slavery b. voting c. religion d. immigration

a

The utopian community begun by Robert Owen in 1825 was founded around which principle? a. cooperative labor b. secular humanism c. mental independence d. No answer text provided.

a

Under the law in the antebellum South, slaves were ________. a. property b. animals c. indentures d. servants

a

What made many Southerners disapprove of Jefferson Davis as a leader? a. his belief in the need for a strong centralized government b. his support for reconciling with the Union over seceding from it c. his lack of experience in areas such as international diplomacy

a

Which American philosophical movement influenced many early reform efforts in New England? a. Transcendentalism b. Lutheranism c. Rationalism d. Existentialism

a

Which event officially triggered the U.S. Civil War? a. the Confederate attack on and capture of Fort Sumter b. the inception of the Union naval blockade of the South c. the announcement of the Emancipation Proclamation

a

Which of the following did not contribute to Lincoln's victory in the election of 1860? a. the defeat of the Whig party b. Lincoln's improved national standing after his senatorial debates with Stephen Douglas c. the Constitutional Union party's further splintering the vote d. the split between northern and southern democrats

a

Which of the following sparked the New York City riots of July 1863? a. conscription b. food shortages c. abolitionism

a

Which of the following was a significant difference between the Union and Confederate armies? a. The Union army had far more accessible resources than the Confederate army. b. The Union army had far more soldiers than the Confederate army. c. The Union army had far more experienced generals than the Confederate army.

a

Which of the following was not one of the effects of the cotton boom? a. U.S. trade increased with France and Spain. b. Northern manufacturing expanded. c. The need for slave labor grew. d. Port cities like New Orleans expanded.

a

Which religious community focused on the power of patriarchy? a. Mormons b. Shakers c. Rappites d. Owenites

a

Which statement best describes Abraham Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation? a. It freed all slaves in the Confederate states. b. It freed all slaves in Union states that allowed slavery. c. It made slavery illegal throughout the Union and Confederacy.

a

Why did the Cherokee leaders agree to fight with the Confederacy in the U.S. Civil War? a. Confederate leaders had promised them weapons and protection from the Union. b. Many Cherokee were slave owners and shared other interests with the Confederacy. c. The Cherokee had fought against the United States in numerous previous wars.

a

Why was the Presidential election of 1860 particularly complex in its scope? a. The Democratic Party was split among regional lines and nominated two candidates. b. The Republican Party was divided in their support for Abraham Lincoln's candidacy. c. A third party candidate had managed to defeat the Democratic candidate in votes.

a

Why was the constitutionality of President Lincoln?s suspension of habeas corpus brought into question? a. It allowed people to be jailed without being charged before a judge. b. It ignored the will of Congress in approving funds for military expenditures. c. It gave the federal government undue power over the states.

a

proslavery Missourians who crossed the border into Kansas to influence the legislature

border ruffians

Eli Whitney's invention of the cotton gin changed the industry of the South in which way? a. It created greater competition between Southern cotton farmers. b. It decreased the dependence on slave labor in cotton farming. c. It led to more land in the South being dedicated to cotton farming. d. It created a new source of cheap alcohol.

c

How did Charles G. Finney's brand of Christian revivalism differ from those of previous Evangelical leaders? a. He believed Christianity needed to be purged of its worldly nature. b. He advocated withdrawal from society in favor of communalism. c. He stressed the control that humans have over their own destinies. d. No answer text provided.

c

In 1861, the Confederate states chose whom to serve as their provisional president? a. Alexander Stephens b. Zebulon Vance c. Jefferson Davis

c

In which border state was the friction between Union and Confederate sympathizers most intense? a. Missouri b. Tennessee c. Maryland

c

On what grounds did Dred Scott sue for freedom? a. the fact that his family would be torn apart b. the inherent inhumanity of slavery c. the fact that he had lived in free states d. the cruelty of his master

c

Which Confederate states were generally the last to secede? a. those with small slave populations b. those closest to the Atlantic Ocean c. those bordering the Union states

c

Which U.S. Civil War event is often credited for Abraham Lincoln's re-election in 1864? a. the siege and surrender of Vicksburg b. the surrender of General Robert E. Lee c. the capture and fall of Atlanta

c

Which of the following was a focus of the new Republican Party? a. supporting Irish Catholic immigration b. encouraging the use of popular sovereignty to determine where slavery could exist c. halting the spread of slavery d. promoting states' rights

c

Which of the following was a provision of the Compromise of 1850? a. New Mexico and Utah would be admitted as slave states. b. Slavery would no longer be allowed in the District of Columbia. c. Free states would be forced to return slaves who escaped to those states.

c

Which statement best describes one advantage the Confederacy had over the Union in the U.S. Civil War? a. The Confederacy's soldiers had more experience and better training. b. The Confederacy's soldiers were better equipped for battle. c. The Confederacy's soldiers were more accustomed to using firearms.

c

Which statement describes how slavery created a military advantage for the Confederacy during the U.S. Civil War? a. Union troops avoided attacking the properties of slaveholders. b. Confederate laws required the conscription of slaves as soldiers. c. Slaves performed necessary labor, freeing white workers to fight.

c

Which woman was noted for supervising army nurses during the U.S. Civil War? a. Rose O?Neal Greenhow b. Florence Nightingale c. Dorothea Dix

c

Why did John Brown attack the armory at Harpers Ferry? a. to prevent southern states from seceding b. in revenge after the sacking of Lawrence c. to seize weapons to distribute to slaves for a massive uprising d. to hold as a military base against proslavery forces

c

Why did William Lloyd Garrison's endorsement of the Grimke sisters divide the abolitionist movement? a. They attended the Seneca Falls Convention b. They supported colonization c. They lectured to co-ed audiences d. They advocated equal rights for women

c

Why did female abolitionists often meet resistance within their own movement? a. Women had the same social status as slaves at the time. b. It was feared that female members would slow the movement's progression. c. Religious leaders often used the Bible to justify female inferiority.

c

Why did southern expansionists conduct filibuster expeditions? a. to prove they could raise an army b. to map unknown territories c. to annex new slave states d. to find runaway slaves

c

a ________________ is grown to be sold for profit instead of consumption by the farmer's family

cash crop

The strategy of moving African Americans out of the United States, usually to Africa

colonization

Slaves who escaped to the Union army's lines

contrabands

the upswing in American cotton production during the nineteenth century

cotton boom

patented by Eli Whitney in 1794, it separated the seeds from raw cotton quickly and easily

cotton gin

"Border ruffians" helped to ________. a. chase abolitionists out of Missouri b. disseminate abolitionist literature in Kansas c. capture runaway slaves d. elect a proslavery legislature in Kansas

d

How did the abolitionist views of William Lloyd Garrison differ from those of earlier anti-slavery advocates? a. He supported gradual rather than sudden emancipation. b. No answer text provided. c. He believed that violent revolt should not always be discouraged. d. He opposed foreign colonization of former slaves.

d

In the 1850's, some southerners demanded reopening the international slave trade. This caused a rift between the Upper South and the Lower South. Whites in the Upper South believed a. it would harm race relations b. it make slaves more expensive c. it was immoral d. it would hurt their profits

d

Sylvester Graham's reformers targeted a. nutrition b. the human body c. sexuality d. all of these

d

The abolition of the foreign slave trade in 1807 led to _______. a. a reform movement calling for the complete end to slavery in the United States b. the decline of cotton production c. a dramatic decrease in the price and demand for slaves d. the rise of a thriving domestic slave trade

d

Transcendentalists were most concerned with a. democracy b. predestination c. the afterlife d. the individual

d

What was President Zachary Taylor's top priority as president? a. ensuring the recapture of runaway slaves b. enlarging the state of Texas c. expanding slavery d. preserving the Union

d

Which of the following did William Lloyd Garrison not employ in his abolitionist efforts? a. immediatism b. pamphleteering c. moral suasion d. political involvement

d

Which of the following is not a characteristic of the Second GreatAwakening? a. belief in the possibility of a better world b. greater church attendance c. greater emphasis on religious education of children d. greater emphasis on nature

d

Which of the following was not a result of the Lincoln-Douglas debates? a. Lincoln's national profile was raised. b. Douglas was elected senator of Illinois. c. Citizens in both the North and South followed the debates closely. d. Lincoln successfully defended the principle of popular sovereignty.

d

the trading of slaves within the borders of the United States

domestic slave trade

paper money the United States began to issue during the Civil War

greenbacks

the moral demand to take prompt action against slavery to bring about its end

immediatism

the belief that the Kingdom of God would be established on earth and that God would reign on earth for a thousand years characterized by harmony and Christian morality.

millennialism

race-mixing through sexual relations or marriage

miscegenation

an abolitionist technique of appealing to the consciences of the public, especially slaveholders.

moral suasion

the premise that southern white slaveholders acted in the best interests of their slaves

paternalism

the mapping of the mind to specific human attributes

phrenology

stressed transformative individual religious experience or piety over religious rituals and formality

pietistic

the idea that blacks and whites come from different origins

polygenism

the principle of letting the people residing in a territory decide whether or not to permit slavery in that area based on majority rule

popular sovereignty

complete abstinence from all alcohol

teetotalism