Unit 4 APES

This area is most susceptible to erosion, leading to increased suspended solids and increased turbidity downstream

B, agricultural fields

The water-holding capacity of soil is LEAST likely to be affected by the addition of which of the following?

Pesticide

Based on the soil texture triangle, which of the following would describe soil that was 25% clay, 25% silt, and 50% sand?

Sandy clay loam

Corn is a crop that grows best in soil that drains well. Which of the following soils is best suited to grow corn?

Sandy loam because it has large amounts of sand and less than 20% clay.

This layer of Earth's atmosphere has the highest density of any atmospheric layer and contains most of the water vapor in the atmosphere.

Troposphere

Which soil horizon is best developed in areas with dense vegetation, such as forests and grasslands, since the horizon consists of decomposing leaves and other plant material?

A

A farm is experiencing extensive crop loss due to high rains causing overly saturated soils. Which of the following approaches would best help the farmer alleviate the problem?

Amending the soil with sand to increase the permeability of the soil

Which of the following best describes a transform boundary?

An area where 2 tectonic plates slide past one another

Area where crust is being created at a divergent plate boundary

B

Area that exhibits a growing nonvolcanic mountain chain due to uplift

C

Which soil horizon has very little organic matter and accumulates soluble metals and nutrients that are transported from other soil layers?

C

Which of the following conclusions can be drawn from the investigation?

Carbon monoxide impairs the transport of oxygen in the bloodstream

Of the following, which is the most likely composition of the soil sample?

Clay 10%, Silt 10%, Sand 80%

Which latitude shown on the diagram above experiences 24 hours of daylight on December 21?

E

The rapid rate of this process in tropical forests results in low-nutrient soils

Decomposition

Which of the following is a biome found at 30° N and 30° S as seen in the diagram?

Deserts

Area that exhibits island arcs

E

Reasons that human populations historically have settled in floodplains include which of the following? I. The soil in floodplains is usually fertile. II. The terrain in floodplains tend to be flat. III. Floodplains are close to rivers for transportation.

I and II only

Which of the following correctly characterizes one of Earth's atmospheric layers?

Layer D is the thermosphere, where auroras are found

Based on the graph, which of the following can be concluded about the latitudes of the two locations?

Location 1 is close to the equator, and Location 2 is in the Northern Hemisphere.

Which of the following is the source of energy driving the circulation pattern labeled C in the diagram?

Solar radiation

This layer of Earth's atmosphere contains the ozone layer that absorbs the sun's ultraviolet rays.

Stratosphere

If the diagram illustrates Earth's relative position on December 21 of a given year, which of the following statements would be correct?

The Tropic of Cancer has a shorter day and lower solar radiation intensity because there is a direct relationship between day length and radiation intensity.

Based on the diagram, which of the following statements best explains why the climate of the West Coast of Africa is drier than that of the East Coast of the United States, even though they are located at similar northern latitudes?

The cold ocean currents off Africa absorb heat from land and therefore cool the atmosphere.

Hoover Dam is the largest dam in the United States, built on the Colorado River to supply hydroelectric power and flood control. Which of the following best describes a downstream environmental effect of Hoover Dam on the Colorado River watershed?

The damming of the Colorado River led to a change in stream flow, preventing river water and sediments from reaching the delta area.

Which of the following should be included in a watershed map to best determine the non-point source of a pollutant, such as fertilizer, found in a river?

The land use upstream of the river and water quality indicators in streams that run downstream into the river

Based on the diagram, which of the following identifies a characteristic of the atmosphere between the stratopause and the tropopause?

The ozone layer is in the stratosphere

In the desert regions of the southwestern United States, daily high and low temperatures will frequently fluctuate from 40°F (33°C) or more. Which statement below best explains the large variation in temperature?

There are no bordering oceans or large bodies of water to provide a stabilizing humidity to the air.

Which of the following agricultural practices would most likely lead to improved water quality in nearby streams and rivers?

Using crop rotation in fields

Brown pelicans are fish-eating birds. As a result of an El Niño event, the population of brown pelicans in southern California declines. Which of the following best explains the relationship between the El Niño event and the population decline?

Warmer ocean temperatures can cause fish to move to colder water farther from pelican nest sites

Which of the following is a primary cause of El Niño climate variations?

Warmer surface waters in the Pacific ocean

Most of the Earth's deserts are at approximately 30° latitude, north and south, because these latitudes are characterized by

descending dry air currents

The low anchovy catch in 1998 was most likely the result of

reduced ocean upwelling along the coast