Unit 4 For APUSH

Abolitionist leaders used which of the following in their crusade to end slavery in the middle of the 1800s?

Aid to fugitive slaves

Which of the following was an outcome of the American Industrial Revolution in the early nineteenth century?

American businesses soon dominated in many European markets.

How did the federal government aid the growth of American industry in the first half of the nineteenth century?

By passing protective tariffs

Ralph Waldo Emerson wrote about which of the following in his essays and lectures?

He argued that people should reject old conventions and discover their original relation with nature.

How did Andrew Jackson respond to South Carolina's claimed right of nullification in 1832?

He asked Congress for a Force Bill authorizing him to use the military to suppress any act of nullification.

In his 1829 pamphlet, An Appeal . . . to the Colored Citizens of the World, David Walker did which of the following?

He justified slave rebellion and warned white Americans that violence and retribution would come if justice were delayed.

Why did Andrew Jackson veto the bill to recharter the Second Bank of the United States in 1832?

He thought it interfered with the rights of states and the liberties of the people.

The Trail of Tears was the direct consequence of which of the following government actions?

Indian Removal Act of 1830

Which of the following statements characterizes Andrew Jackson's intentions toward Native Americans during his presidency?

Jackson meant to remove all Native Americans east of the Mississippi, even those who had adapted to white society.

"The States are expressly forbidden to lay any duties on imports or exports, except what may be absolutely necessary for executing their inspection laws. ...the same paramount character would seem to restrain... a State from such other exercise of this power; as is in its nature incompatible with... the constitutional laws of the Union. . . . On this ground the counsel for the bank place its claim to be exempted from the power of a State to tax its operations. There is no express provision for the case, but the claim has been sustained on a principle which so entirely pervades the constitution... [which] is, that the constitution and the laws made in pursuance thereof are supreme; that they control the constitution and laws of the respective States, and cannot be controlled by them. The sovereignty of a State extends to everything which exists by its own authority... but does it extend to those means which are employed by Congress to carry into execution powers conferred on that body by the people of the United States? We think it demonstrable that it does not. Those powers are not given by the people of a single State. They are given by the people of the United States, to a government whose laws, made in pursuance of the constitution, are declared to be supreme. Consequently, the people of a single State cannot confer a sovereignty which will extend over them." --McCulloch v. Maryland, 1819 Source: Our Documents The excerpt above references the judicial rationale for the Supreme Court decision in the case of

McCullough v. Maryland.

The American Lyceum movement of the 1830s engaged in which of the following efforts?

Promoting the spread of knowledge through public lectures

Which of the following were the three key elements of Clay's American system?

Protective tariff, subsidized internal improvements, and the national bank

Which of the following replaced canals as the primary form of transportation in the United States in the nineteenth century?

Railroads

Which of the following was the critical catalyst for antebellum reform movements?

The Second Great Awakening

Why are the Oneidians, Shakers, and Fourierists historically significant?

They articulated criticisms of the class divisions created by the market economy.

Which of the following did Nathaniel Hawthorne and Herman Melville have in common?

They criticized transcendentalism and warned against excessive individualism.

Why did several eastern states expand suffrage in the 1810s?

They wanted to discourage westward migration.

Which of the following was the primary function of the Second Bank of the United States?

To stabilize the nation's money supply by forcing state banks to convert their paper money periodically into gold and silver coin

Which of the following was a result of the Turner Rebellion of the 1830s?

Tougher slave codes and restrictions were implemented.

Through which of the following sources did the U.S. Treasury raise most of its revenue during the first half of the 1800s?

tariffs on imported goods

Through which of the following movements did evangelical reformers succeed in effecting substantial legal and cultural transformations in early nineteenth-century America?

temperance

The map referenced above provides evidence to support the argument that

the American acquisition of lands in the west gave rise to a contest over the extension of slavery into western territories.

"Our policy in regard to Europe, which was adopted at an early stage of the wars which have so long agitated that quarter of the globe, nevertheless remains the same, which is, not to interfere in the internal concerns of any of its powers; to consider the government de facto as the legitimate government for us; to cultivate friendly relations with it, and to preserve those relations by a frank, firm, and manly policy, meeting in all instances the just claims of every power, submitting to injuries from none. But in regard to those continents circumstances are eminently and conspicuously different. It is impossible that the allied powers should extend their political system to any portion of either continent without endangering our peace and happiness; nor can anyone believe that our southern brethren, if left to themselves, would adopt it of their own accord. It is equally impossible, therefore, that we should behold such interposition in any form with indifference. If we look to the comparative strength and resources of Spain and those new Governments, and their distance from each other, it must be obvious that she can never subdue them. It is still the true policy of the United States to leave the parties to themselves, in hope that other powers will pursue the same course. . . ." --Presidential message to Congress, 1823 Source: Digital History The excerpt above refers to

the Monroe Doctrine.

"Our policy in regard to Europe, which was adopted at an early stage of the wars which have so long agitated that quarter of the globe, nevertheless remains the same, which is, not to interfere in the internal concerns of any of its powers; to consider the government de facto as the legitimate government for us; to cultivate friendly relations with it, and to preserve those relations by a frank, firm, and manly policy, meeting in all instances the just claims of every power, submitting to injuries from none. But in regard to those continents circumstances are eminently and conspicuously different. It is impossible that the allied powers should extend their political system to any portion of either continent without endangering our peace and happiness; nor can anyone believe that our southern brethren, if left to themselves, would adopt it of their own accord. It is equally impossible, therefore, that we should behold such interposition in any form with indifference. If we look to the comparative strength and resources of Spain and those new Governments, and their distance from each other, it must be obvious that she can never subdue them. It is still the true policy of the United States to leave the parties to themselves, in hope that other powers will pursue the same course. . . ." --Presidential message to Congress, 1823 Source: Digital History The excerpt provides evidence of

the United States' attempt at asserting itself as a dominant power.

The concept that the price of a product should reflect the work required to make it is known as

the labor theory of value.

"Our policy in regard to Europe, which was adopted at an early stage of the wars which have so long agitated that quarter of the globe, nevertheless remains the same, which is, not to interfere in the internal concerns of any of its powers; to consider the government de facto as the legitimate government for us; to cultivate friendly relations with it, and to preserve those relations by a frank, firm, and manly policy, meeting in all instances the just claims of every power, submitting to injuries from none. But in regard to those continents circumstances are eminently and conspicuously different. It is impossible that the allied powers should extend their political system to any portion of either continent without endangering our peace and happiness; nor can anyone believe that our southern brethren, if left to themselves, would adopt it of their own accord. It is equally impossible, therefore, that we should behold such interposition in any form with indifference. If we look to the comparative strength and resources of Spain and those new Governments, and their distance from each other, it must be obvious that she can never subdue them. It is still the true policy of the United States to leave the parties to themselves, in hope that other powers will pursue the same course. . . ." --Presidential message to Congress, 1823 Source: Digital History The excerpt illustrates a new direction in US policies regarding

European colonization.

Which of the following qualities did Henry David Thoreau urge in his readers, as demonstrated by the statement, "If a man does not keep pace with his companions, perhaps it is because he hears a different drummer"?

Individuality

Nativist fears were directed mostly at which of the following groups in early and mid-nineteenth-century America?

Irish immigrants

Which of the following describes the new industrial system that developed in early nineteenth-century America?

It brought workers together under one roof in a factory.

The construction of the Erie Canal, the first great engineering project in American history, was successful for which of the following reasons?

It increased the speed of shipping and travel while greatly lowering its cost.

In which of the following ways was Chief Justice Roger Taney different from his predecessor, John Marshall?

Marshall was nationally oriented while Taney favored states' rights.

What aspect of early nineteenth-century American government had the founders condemned as contrary to republican ideals?

Political parties

On which issue was the Whig philosophy of the 1830s critically different from that of the Federalists in the 1790s?

Rule by an elite based on talent

The following question refers to the excerpt below. "I think that [between] the negroes of the South and the women at the North, all talking about rights, the white men will be in a fix pretty soon. But what's all this here talking about? Then they talk about [intellect]... What's that got to do with women's rights or negroes' rights? If my cup won't hold but a pint, and yours holds a quart, wouldn't you be mean not to let me have my little half measure full? Then that little man in black there, he says women can't have as much rights as men, 'cause Christ wasn't a woman! Where did your Christ come from? ... From God and a woman! Man had nothing to do with Him. If the first woman God ever made was strong enough to turn the world upside down all alone, these women together ought to be able to turn it back, and get it right side up again! And now they is asking to do it, the men better let them." --Sojourner Truth, speech to Akron, Ohio Women's Convention, 1851 Source: Modern History Sourcebook Which of the following would be most similar to Sojourner Truth's argument as presented in the excerpt?

Seneca Falls Convention Declaration of Sentiments

During the 1840s, American women's rights activists focused on which of the following goals?

Strengthening the legal rights of married women

Which of the following elements defined the Democrats under Andrew Jackson?

Support for average Americans

What did the Twelfth Amendment to the Constitution specify should be done in an election like the election of 1824, in which no presidential candidate received a majority of the electoral votes?

The House of Representatives decides the outcome.

The transformation that occurred as American factories and farms turned out more goods, and merchants and legislators created faster and cheaper ways to get those products to consumers, was known as which of the following?

The Market Revolution

Which of the following statements characterizes the American party system by the early 1840s?

The practice of Americans voting for a particular party along ethnic and religious lines began to emerge.

The philosophy that people could gain mystical knowledge and harmony beyond the world of the senses is known as which of the following?

Transcendentalism

Which of the following is properly paired?

Walt Whitman—Leaves of Grass

"The States are expressly forbidden to lay any duties on imports or exports, except what may be absolutely necessary for executing their inspection laws. ...the same paramount character would seem to restrain... a State from such other exercise of this power; as is in its nature incompatible with... the constitutional laws of the Union. . . . On this ground the counsel for the bank place its claim to be exempted from the power of a State to tax its operations. There is no express provision for the case, but the claim has been sustained on a principle which so entirely pervades the constitution... [which] is, that the constitution and the laws made in pursuance thereof are supreme; that they control the constitution and laws of the respective States, and cannot be controlled by them. The sovereignty of a State extends to everything which exists by its own authority... but does it extend to those means which are employed by Congress to carry into execution powers conferred on that body by the people of the United States? We think it demonstrable that it does not. Those powers are not given by the people of a single State. They are given by the people of the United States, to a government whose laws, made in pursuance of the constitution, are declared to be supreme. Consequently, the people of a single State cannot confer a sovereignty which will extend over them." --McCulloch v. Maryland, 1819 Source: Our Documents The excerpt represents a response to the question of the

relationship between state and federal governments.

The map references a continuity over time regarding debates fueled by

sectionalism.

"The States are expressly forbidden to lay any duties on imports or exports, except what may be absolutely necessary for executing their inspection laws. ...the same paramount character would seem to restrain... a State from such other exercise of this power; as is in its nature incompatible with... the constitutional laws of the Union. . . . On this ground the counsel for the bank place its claim to be exempted from the power of a State to tax its operations. There is no express provision for the case, but the claim has been sustained on a principle which so entirely pervades the constitution... [which] is, that the constitution and the laws made in pursuance thereof are supreme; that they control the constitution and laws of the respective States, and cannot be controlled by them. The sovereignty of a State extends to everything which exists by its own authority... but does it extend to those means which are employed by Congress to carry into execution powers conferred on that body by the people of the United States? We think it demonstrable that it does not. Those powers are not given by the people of a single State. They are given by the people of the United States, to a government whose laws, made in pursuance of the constitution, are declared to be supreme. Consequently, the people of a single State cannot confer a sovereignty which will extend over them." --McCulloch v. Maryland, 1819 Source: Our Documents The excerpt provides evidence to support the argument that

the federal government may assert its power over state governments.

"Our objects, as you know, are to ensure a more natural union between intellectual and manual labor than now exists; to combine the thinker and the worker, as far as possible, in the same individual; to guarantee the highest mental freedom, by providing all with labor, adapted to their tastes and talents, and securing to them the fruits of their industry; to do away the necessity of menial services, by opening the benefits of education and the profits of labor to all; and thus to prepare a society of liberal, intelligent, and cultivated persons, whose relations with each other would permit a more simple and wholesome life, than can be led amidst the pressure of our competitive institutions. To accomplish these objects, we propose to take a small tract of land, which, under skillful husbandry, uniting the garden and the farm, will be adequate to the subsistence of the families; and to connect with this a school or college, in which the most complete instruction shall be given, from the first rudiments to the highest culture." --letter from George Ripley to Ralph Waldo Emerson, 1840 Source: History Matters The excerpt most directly represents a reaction to

the rapid industrialization of the United States.

"Our objects, as you know, are to ensure a more natural union between intellectual and manual labor than now exists; to combine the thinker and the worker, as far as possible, in the same individual; to guarantee the highest mental freedom, by providing all with labor, adapted to their tastes and talents, and securing to them the fruits of their industry; to do away the necessity of menial services, by opening the benefits of education and the profits of labor to all; and thus to prepare a society of liberal, intelligent, and cultivated persons, whose relations with each other would permit a more simple and wholesome life, than can be led amidst the pressure of our competitive institutions. To accomplish these objects, we propose to take a small tract of land, which, under skillful husbandry, uniting the garden and the farm, will be adequate to the subsistence of the families; and to connect with this a school or college, in which the most complete instruction shall be given, from the first rudiments to the highest culture." --letter from George Ripley to Ralph Waldo Emerson, 1840 Source: History Matters The argument excerpted above shows the influence of all of the following EXCEPT

the temperance movement.