Unit 5 APES Review

Which of the following best describes legislation that could be used to address problems with overfishing?

The Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora ( CITES ) uses trade rules to protect commercially valuable species.

Two branches of a river have different sediment loads. Based on the diagram, which of the following most likely led to the differences in the amount of sediment in the two branches of the river?

Deforestation from clear-cutting

Which of the following best illustrates the concept of the tragedy of the commons?

Depletion of an aquifer by regional farmers

Which of the following is the best illustration of the tragedy of the commons?

Depletion of fishing stocks in the North Atlantic

If Student 2 wanted to change his or her footprint to be more similar to that of Student 1, which of the following actions would he or she choose based on the data given in table 1 ?

Reducing the amount of meat in his or her diet

According to the information in the graph above, which of the following would most effectively slow the loss of arable land?

Reducing urban development

Based on the diagrams above, which of the following best explains how urban runoff could be decreased?

Replace traditional pavement with more porous pavement to increase ground infiltration.

Which of the following would be the best way to mitigate deforestation?

Replant and protect trees in areas that have been previously cleared.

Which of the following problems is best addressed with contour plowing?

soil erosion

Environmentalists oppose the mining of antarctic mineral resources because

the antarctic environment is fragile and extremely vulnerable to the disturbances that would accompany development

A cost-benefit analysis done to investigate a proposed mine site would likely take which of the following into account? 1. The medical costs of mine worker injuries 2.The cost of environmental restoration of the site when it is shut down 3.The value of the ore to be extracted from the mine

1,2,3

In 2007 in the United States there were approximately 480 cars for every 1,000 people. The total number of cars in the United States in 2007 was closest to

150,000,000

Based on the diagrams above, what is the percent change in the amount of runoff in urban areas compared to forested areas?

450% increase

If an area was originally forested and then underwent urban development, which of the following shows the most likely effects on various parts of the water cycle in the area?

A

This area is likely to have impervious surfaces that increase runoff to streams during a rain event and can contribute to the heat island effect.

A

Which of the following is the best example of a tragedy of the commons?

Accumulation of plastics in the Great Pacific Garbage Patch

Which of the following is an environmental problem associated with abandoned coal mines?

Acid drainage due to leaching of spoil heaps by rainwater

Which of the following statements best describes the most unsustainable method of clear-cutting forests to harvest timber?

All of the trees in a forest are cut down and removed in one operation.

Based on the data in the graph, which location showed an annual average grain yield in 1991-1993 that was approximately 2.3 times the yield in 1961-1963 ?

Asia

The cities of Edmonton and Calgary are relatively far north and at high elevation. Which of the following best explains the data presented in their ecological footprints?

Colder average temperatures and longer nights in Edmonton and Calgary lead to high energy usage to heat and light homes.

Which of the following statements best identifies the author's assumptions in terms of a new green revolution?

Current agricultural practices and strategies need to be evaluated in order to meet the demand for increased food production.

The graph shows the worldwide catch of orange roughy, a type of wild caught fish, in tons, from 1977 to 2011.

Establishment of quotas on the number of orange roughy caught

Which of the following changes to the local hydrologic cycle will result if large areas of land experienced clear-cutting?

Evaporation of water from the soil will increase.

Which of the following scenarios best explains the concept of the tragedy of the commons?

Fish are shared resources, and as the fishing industry competes for the fish, the resource extraction is no longer sustainable.

Which of the following describes an aspect of urbanization that would most increase the amount of carbon dioxide released into the atmosphere compared to rural and suburban areas?

Increased amounts of waste per unit area in urban areas that leads to higher rates of decay and decomposition

Which of the following best describes an environmental advantage of urbanization?

Individuals living in cities usually have a lower transportation carbon footprint than individuals living in rural areas.

Which of the following methods would most likely reduce the effect of hurricanes in urban areas?

Installing permeable pavement and increasing green space to increase water infiltration

Industrial logging threatens many forested ecosystems. Which of the following environmental consequences will most likely result from clear-cutting deciduous forests for logging?

More carbon dioxide will be added to the atmosphere and increase anthropogenic climate change.

Which of the following statements best identifies the author's perspective in terms of government funding for future agricultural research?

More funding is continually needed because the agricultural research programs have never been completely financially supported.

Based on the data in the graph, which of the following Canadian cities had the lowest average per capita ecological footprint?

Ottawa

Which of the following techniques is a realistic solution for farmers to decrease the amount of fertilizer and sediment runoff into aquatic ecosystems?

Practicing crop rotation

Rapid runoff following a heavy rainfall may cause flooding downstream from urban areas. Which urban design strategy will most likely slow water runoff though an urban area and decrease the risk of downstream flooding?

Preserve open areas with intact vegetation

Which of the following is the best example of an economic incentive that could be used to improve environmental quality and reduce resource waste?

Providing tax breaks for companies that use recycled materials

Which of the following practices would have the biggest impact on achieving global sustainability?

Reducing human population size

Coal was surface mined from five sites, labeled 1 through 5, that had originally been covered by forest. Each site was planted with a mix of tree seedlings to reclaim the area to forest. Grass was also seeded over each site to prevent initial erosion and to provide forage. Ten years after planting, information was collected at the five sites and is given in the table below. Select the letter of the row that indicates the site with the most successful forest reclamation.

Row E

Which of the following best achieves the goal of providing wood products for humans while preserving biodiversity?

Selective cutting of large areas of old-growth forest

Which of the following is most likely to occur in a forested region that has been recently clear-cut?

The concentration of nitrates in streams running through the region will increase.

Which of the following is the best example of an economic approach to reduce overfishing for a fish species with a declining population?

The federal government sets a catch limit (per person or per boat) for the species and imposes a tax on any extra fish that are caught.

Which of the following is a limitation of using only the data in the table to complete an ecological footprint analysis of the different students?

The footprint is a static analysis and does not include all environmental impacts of an individual.

Which of the following statements best identifies the author's perspective in terms of utilizing science technology for future agricultural advances?

The only way to meet the global demand for more food is to fully utilize new science technologies to advance agriculture.

Which of the following best describes acid mine drainage?

The leakage of water containing toxic materials from coal and metal mines

Which of the following best describes the process known as "mountaintop removal"?

The use of heavy equipment to move overburden downhill during the strip mining of coal

Which of the following will be the greatest impact of the development on the local water supply?

There will be less recharge of groundwater.

One example of the tragedy of the commons occurs when trees are harvested from tropical rain forests without any regulations. Which of the following best describes why this is an example of the tragedy of the commons?

Timber producers remove as much timber as possible as cheaply as possible.

Which of the following best explains why the maximum sustainable yield for ocean fisheries has been exceeded?

Too many fish of reproductive age are harvested.

Based on the passage, which of the following best describes the author's perspective on the relationship between urbanization and hurricanes?

Urban infrastructure promotes runoff, which can increase the damage associated with hurricanes and other tropical storms.

Which of the following is the best example of the tragedy of the commons?

Water pollution from oil rigs concentrated in the Gulf of Mexico

Which of the following solutions would help decrease flood frequencies and flood sizes that are caused by urbanization?

Using new, more permeable materials for roads and sidewalks

It has been observed that forest fires can produce up to 40 percent of the mean annual global emissions of which of the following gases?

carbon dioxide

Which of the following is a commercially used method for harvesting trees and is most likely to lead to a fragmented landscape with serious impacts on biodiversity?

clear-cutting

Sustainable use of forests in the United States would likely be encouraged by

cutting small groups of medium- and large- sized trees in uneven-aged forests

One way a local community might regulate a shared and limited resource and reduce the tragedy of the commons is to

divide the resources into parcels and assign them to individuals

One way that consumers can help prevent a decrease in the number of fish species that are experiencing population declines is to

eat fish that are caught using sustainable harvesting methods, therefore ensuring fish populations remain stable and reducing the amount bycatch harvested

After reviewing personal footprint data, Student 5 decides to take action to lower his or her overall footprint by reducing money spent on shoes and clothing. Land use in which of the following categories will be most affected by this change?

goods and services

As urbanization increases and natural soil surfaces are covered, the groundwater supply is reduced due to

loss of recharge area

Which of the following is likely to minimize soil erosion?

no-till agriculture

When a rain forest is slashed and burned, the local concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere increases. This is primarily due to

oxidation of carbon compounds

Which of the following strategies could be used to reduce soil erosion during surface mining of coal?

replanting vegetation

An advantage of using synthetic fertilizer instead of organic fertilizer is that

synthetic fertilizer can provide more targeted macronutrients to the crops

It has recently been estimated that the growth in world population has slowed in the past decade. Despite this trend, environmentalists remain concerned about the environmental impact of world population, principally because

the standard of living is increasing in many developing countries, leading to an increased per capita use of natural resources

A sustainable society would emphasize

using energy efficiently and reusing and recycling matter

Overgrazing of public land by privately owned livestock is an example of the

tragedy of the commons

One important step that homeowners in the new development can take to protect water quality in Samel Creek would be to

use rain barrels to reduce the flow of storm water into the creek