Unit 5 APUSH

46. Which Amendment most directly made the scene in the image above possible? A. 12th Amendment B. 13th Amendment C. 14th Amendment D. 15th Amendment

B

31. In 1860 Abraham Lincoln was elected president on a Republican platform that advocated all of the followin EXCEPT A. higher protective tariffs B. free western land for settlers who would live and work on it C. the exclusion of slavery from United States territorial possessions D. the abolition of slavery throughout the United States

D

38. Those who agreed with the views expressed in the excerpt by Weld would most likely have supported which of the following subsequent developments? A. The actions of the United States in the Mexican-American War B. The Supreme Court's decision in Dred Scott v. Sandford C. The passage of the Kansas-Nebraska Act D. The founding of the Republican Party

D

21. One key change immediately following the Civil War aimed at achieving the "racial justice" that Blight describes was the A. establishment of a constitutional basis for citizenship and voting rights B. creation of new agencies to ensure racial integration in employment C. campaign by the federal government to eliminate poverty D. desegregation of the United States armed forces

A

28. The population trend described in the excerpt most directly reflected which of the following domestic develop the nineteenth century? A. The belief that it was the Manifest Destiny of the United States to control territory across the continent B. The question of the role of government in funding internal improvements C. The claim that the United States should limit European colonialism in the Western Hemisphere D. The dispute over whether Congress should reestablish a national bank

A

48. Opponents of schools for African Americans were successful in instituting A. the economic system of sharecropping. B. laws that nullified the Black Codes. C. expanded access to voting. D. a political system that enabled racially mixed political leadership.

A

8. The Compromise of 1877 resulted in A. the withdrawal of federal troops from the South B. apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives by state population C. government subsidies for American Indians who agreed to submit to reservation life D. the establishment of stricter regulations on immigration

A

37. The issue being debated in the two excerpts was most directly resolved by the A. passage of the Missouri Compromise B. election of Abraham Lincoln as president C. ratification of the Thirteenth Amendment D. formation of the Populist Party

C

14. The proclamation most clearly provides evidence for which of the following? A. The spreading of violence associated with the Kansas-Nebraska Act B. The failure of the Compromise of 1850 to lessen sectional tensions C. The abolitionist roots of the Republican Party D. The absence of racism in antebellum New England

B

22. Which of the following best characterizes the "sectional reunion" Blight describes? A. Gilded Age financial policies encouraged economic growth in the North and the South. B. The federal government removed troops from the South and eliminated aid for former slaves. C. New political alliances united northern and southern members of the Democratic Party to win control of both houses in Congress. D. White laborers in the North and African American farmers in the South joined together in the Populist movement.

B

23. Which of the following most directly contributed to "the sharp increase of immigration after 1845" referenced in the excerpt? A. The Second Great Awakening B. Crop failures and revolutions in Europe C. Removal of American Indians from the Southeast D. Tariff policies during Andrew Jackson's administration

B

29. The excerpt best supports the conclusion that in the 1850s, the United States government A. sought to prevent Japan from forming a naval alliance with the British empire B. was willing to intimidate Asian countries like Japan to secure economic opportunities C. attempted to monopolize Japanese commerce and to exclude the participation of Europeans in trade D. was interested in making the government of Japan more democratic

B

33. The Republican Party of the 1850s took which of the following positions on slavery? A. Residents of territories could decide on the basis of popular sovereignty whether to have slavery. B. Slavery could remain where it existed but should not be extended into territories or new states. C. The federal government should abolish slavery. D. Slavery was a state issue, and the federal government should play no role in its regulation.

B

40. Which of the following comparisons best describes Whitman's and Giddings' arguments about the Mexican-American War? A. Whitman believed the United States should show patience before war, while Giddings believed the country had tolerated abuses for too long without war. B. Whitman argued that the war was intended to deter bad behavior, while Giddings argued that the war represented aggression by the United States. C. Giddings asserted that the nation entered the war as a last resort, while Whitman asserted that the war was unnecessary to achieve the goals of the United States. D. Giddings claimed that the war had popular support in the United States, while Whitman claimed that most Americans opposed the war.

B

42. Which of the following is a similarity between how Whitman and Giddings made their arguments? A. Both used examples of Mexico's behavior to support their points. B. Both sought to justify their positions in international observers. C. Both drew on principles from the Constitution to make claims. D. Both made religious appeals to prove their assertions.

B

45. Which of the following ideas contributed most directly to the territorial changes shown in the map? A. Abolitionism B. Manifest Destiny C. Popular sovereignty D. Nativism

B

9. Which of the following invalidated the decision in the excerpt? A. The Platt Amendment B. The Fourteenth Amendment C. The Compromise of 1877 D. The Fifteenth Amendment

B

20. Which of the following best explains the reason for the reconciliation described by Blight? A. Mass immigration from abroad and internal migration of African Americans reduced racial tensions in t and South. B. The federal government established a limited social welfare state that reduced regional differences betwe North and South. C Efforts to change southern racial attitudes and culture ultimately failed because of the South's determines resistance and the North's waning resolve. D. The theory of Social Darwinism encouraged political and business leaders to reduce efforts to create raci equality in the South.

C

41. Based on their arguments in the excerpts, Giddings would likely agree with and Whitman would likely disagree with which of the following claims about the causes of the Mexican-American War? A. The U.S. sought the repayment of Mexican debts. B. Mexico had killed Americans during a previous conflict in Texas. C. The U.S. desired to expand slavery to Mexican territory. D. Mexico had sent soldiers across the southern border of the U.S.

C

49. What development transformed the nature of combat in the Civil War? A. The shots fired at Fort Sumter. B. Advances made to the railroad in the South. C. New technologies used in armaments and artillery. D. Enlistment of Native Americans and African Americans in the Union Army.

C

5. The position expressed by Clay in the excerpt best serves as evidence of which of the following? A. Northern politicians showed less interest in California than Southern politicians. B. The United States Senate could not agree on treaty terms with Mexico. C. The acquisition of new territories created disputes over the expansion of slavery. D. Nativist groups opposed incorporating new states into the Union.

C

6. Evidence in the excerpt best corroborates which of the following broader historical contexts? A. Expanded trade between the East and West Coasts and with Asia divided the country in new ways. B. Abolitionist activity undermined the ability of new territories to achieve statehood. C. Southern states sought more proslavery seats in the United States Congress. D. New political parties such as the Know-Nothings threatened the system of slavery.

C

7. The most controversial and divisive component of the Compromise of 1850 was the A. measure's endorsement of popular sovereignty B. admittance of Missouri as a slave state and the establishment of the 36°30' line C. passage of a tougher national fugitive slave act D. legislation permitted the surveying of a southern transcontinental railway line

C

47. Institutions such as the "Freedmen's Bureau School" could be best described as A. an attempt to recreate previous social structures. B. dedicated to immediate legal and economic equality for formerly enslaved peoples. C. focused on access to higher education. D. a limited attempt to provide educational opportunities to African Americans.

D

50. What trend contributed to the Union victory in the Civil War? A. England provided naval support and personnel to aid the Union. B. The Union was able to enlist Canadian soldiers in large numbers. C. The Confederacy failed to gain support of European powers. D. The infrastructure in Southern states did not support the military demands.

D

16. The sentiments expressed in the proclamation would have been most widely condemned by White resident A. coastal South Carolina B. eastern Texas C. western New York D. western Virginia

A

2. Based on the excerpt, Calhoun would also be most likely to support which of the following? A. Proslavery arguments B. Policies favoring immigration C. Expanded United States federal authority D. United States sale of disputed territory

A

24. Which of the following could best be used as evidence to support the argument in the excerpt that "ethnic conflict among whites rivaled sectional conflict as a major political issue" of the period? A. Growing concern about the political and cultural influence of Catholic immigrants B. Growing fear of political radicalism among southern and eastern European immigrants C. Increasing cultural influence of European Romanticism in the United States D. Increasing support for the antislavery cause among the immigrant community

A

26.Which of the following historical situations explains how the excerpt would have been interpreted at the time? A. The rise in immigration to the United States B. The decline of the international slave trade C. The expansion of manufacturing in the South D. The start of the women's rights movement

A

34. During the Civil War, the Republican Party passed legislation promoting economic development concerning all of the following EXCEPT the A. granting of government subsidies to encourage the export of manufactured goods B. establishment of a high tariff to protect American industry from foreign competition C. organization of a national banking system to provide a uniform national currency D. provision of government loans and land grants to private companies to construct a transcontinental railroad

A

1. The excerpt most directly reflects which of the following developments in the United States during the first half of the nineteenth century? A. The end of the Spanish-American War B. Westward expansion C. The booming internal slave trade D. Increased manufacturing

B

11. Which of the following was the most immediate result of the decision in the excerpt? A. Tensions over slavery diminished. B. Support grew for the Republican Party. C. The United States fought a war with Mexico. D. Most slave states voted to secede from the Union.

B

12. Which of the following most likely supported the ideas expressed in the excerpt? A. Abolitionists B. Southern Democrats C. Free soil advocates D. Southern Republicans

B

27. The language in the excerpt was most likely interpreted as promoting which of the following? A. States' rights B. Nativist sentiment C. Religious pluralism D. Abolitionist activism

B

32. The ideas expressed in the excerpt were most directly influenced by the A. nativist movement B. free-soil movement C. Texas independence movement D. temperance movement

B

10. The decision in the excerpt held which of the following to be unconstitutional? A. The Northwest Ordinance B. The Louisiana Purchase C. The Missouri Compromise D. The Wilmot Proviso

C

15. The issuing of documents such as the proclamation generally had which of the following effects? A. Accumulating support for the theory of slavery as a positive good B. Encouraging armed rebellions by enslaved people in the South C. Increasing the visibility of organized opposition to slavery D. Improving relations between native-born residents and recent Catholic immigrants

C

19. Which of the following was a common justification in the United States for the trend d A. The interest in greater access to trade with Pacific nations B. The desire for better relations with Mexico C. The intention to assimilate Plains Indians into White society D. The belief in white cultural and political superiority

D

39. The first excerpts above reflects the common argument in the antebellum South that A. slavery was immoral B. capitalism was the economic system most likely to generate wealth and happiness for the most people e. the South needed to change to survive D. slaves lived better than northern factory workers

D

30. Republicans asserted that political leaders could not "give legal existence to slavery in any territory of the United States" in order to express opposition against the A. idea of popular sovereignty exemplified by the Kansas-Nebraska Act B. removal of American Indians from their homelands C. recruitment of laborers for Northern factories D. application of California for statehood

A

35. The views expressed by Fitzhugh would have been most likely to align with which of the following arguments? A. States' rights should be secured from federal interference. B. The judicial branch of government should be strengthened. C. Tariffs on imported goods should be increased. D. Labor unions should be organized.

A

4. The excerpt best reflects which of the following historical situations? A. Congressional leaders sought political compromise to resolve discord between the North and the South. B. States in the Great Lakes region advocated to legalize slavery within their borders. C. Senators appealed to the idea of American exceptionalism to encourage national unity. D. The Supreme Court decision in the Dred Scott case reduced sectional conflict within the United States.

A

44. The acquisition of territory in the southwestern region shown in the map intensified controversies in the United States about A. allowing slavery in the new territories B. granting free land in the new territories C. rights to mineral wealth and resources in the new territories D. extending citizenship to people already in the territories

A

17. The trend shown in the map led most directly to which of the following? A. A decreasing gap in wealth because land ownership increased among White citizens B. Decreasing tensions between White settlers and Native Americans because expanded United States territory undercut competition C. Increasing divisions between North and South because of questions about the status of slavery in new territories D. Increasing legal immigration for Asians because the United States became a Pacific Rim country

C

3. Which of the following events best represents a continuity of the sentiments expressed by Senator Calhoun in the speech? A. The Emancipation Proclamation B. Support for assimilationist policies in the 1880s and 1890s C. The Jim Crow laws established in the South after the Civil War D. The Great Migration of African Americans out of the South in the 1910s

C

36. The disagreements expressed in the two excerpts most directly reflect which of the following? A. Debates between management and unions over working conditions B. Disputes between Jacksonian Democrats and Whigs C. The intensification of regional differences between labor systems D. The employment of ir ants in the North and South

C

13. The United States Supreme Court's decision in Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857) represented a departure from earlier practices in which of the following ways? A. It established the principle of judicial review, the practice in which the Supreme Court has the authority to evaluate whether laws are consistent with the Constitution. B. It introduced the idea of popular sovereignty, the arrangement in which residents of a federal territory could vote whether that territory would allow slavery. C. It expanded fugitive slave laws that permitted slaveholders to recover formerly enslaved people even if they had escaped to free states. D. It held that the federal government had no power to regulate slavery in federal territories acquired after the creation of the United States.

D

18. In the mid-nineteenth century, the process shown in the map was advocated by supporters of which of the fo ideologies? A. Republicanism B. Nativism C. Abolition D. Manifest Destiny

D

25. Historians could best use the excerpt as an example of which of the following? A. Expansion of voting rights during the Jackson administration B. Debates over the separation of church and state in the United States C. Advocacy for policies promoting the idea of Manifest Destiny D. Political responses to changing demographics in the United States

D

43. The territorial changes shown in the southwestern region of the map most directly resulted from A. treaties made with American Indian nations B. the purchase of land from France and Spain C. the Spanish-American War D. the Mexican-American War

D