Unit 5 deviance ( part four), Deviance Practice Questions, Deviant Behavior Quiz 4 Ch15-, Deviance part 2, Social Deviance Part 3 and 4, Sociology Final Crime and Deviance Vocab Part 4

Duran's study resulted in what percentage of individuals formally interviewed reporting being stopped by the police for a variety of reasons?

95

Defines acceptable behavior

Clarifying Norms ( two)

Doing minor acts of deviance to relieve tension

Diffusing tension (3)

Pager's research offers what evidence about the effects of prison on employment?

Direct evidence of a causal relationship between a criminal record and negative employment outcomes.

Norms need to change (prohibition)

Identifying Problems (5)

According to studies cited by Duran, a majority of gang members in the US have been racially and ethnically labeled by police officers, and include which two groups?

Latinos and African Americans

drug trafficking, illegal gambling

Organized Crimes

Examples of rebellion, middle-class deviance admiration related to the norm of group loyalty, are

Pentagon papers, Vietnam draft-resistor, James Dean, American Revolution.

Judges, lawyers, police officers, prison personnel, parole officers

Providing jobs (4)

What were the racial differences in the effects of a criminal record in terms of callbacks from employers?

Ratio of callbacks for non-offenders to offenders for whites was 1:2 and for blacks 1:3.

What is the effect of a criminal record on whites?

Reduces likelihood of callback from employers by 50%.

America's first major drug law:

San Francisco's anti-opium den ordinance of 1875.

Which claimsmaker's campaign against Disney Corporation focused primarily on its theme parks, with claims that they provided an artificial, inauthentic experience?

Social scientists

Examples of altruism, middle-class positive deviance related to the norm of group loyalty, are

Terrorist bombers, Kamikaze pilots, martyrs, patriots.

"us against them;" reinforce values

Unifying the group ( one)

people doing things without hurting people

What classifies a person as deviant?

misrepresentation, fraud, tax- evasion

White collar

Blinde and Traube identify all of the following issues surrounding silence about lesbianism in women's sport EXCEPT

a commitment on the part of team members to collectively confront and challenge lesbian labels head-on

Many well-informed drug policy reform efforts in the US have faced substantial resistance due to

a deep cultural belief that drugs are the cause of what is wrong with the world.

The new constructionist approach to the study of social problems offered all of the following advantages EXCEPT

a greater sensitivity to women's concerns and issues of patriarchy.

Regarding lesbian stereotypes of women athletes, Blinde and Traube's analysis of respondents' interviews found the following

acceptance of all three: lesbian stereotypes, women's sport team stereotypes and negative images of lesbians.

Adler argues that investigative field research is the only way to

acquire accurate knowledge about deviant behavior.

Government intrusion via Medicaid into the status quo of the medical profession gave rise to a(n)

aggressively defiant attitude among doctors resulting in a redefinition of Medicaid fraud and crime as a positive act.

According to the social reality of crime theory, an ideology of crime is constructed

and applied by the dominant class to secure its dominance.

The Adlers point to the issue of building trust with their research subjects

as an important factor in the transition from the covert to the overt role of researcher.

The purpose of Pager's study is to

assess the effect of a criminal record on white and black job seekers.

As Adler's account makes clear, the process of "getting in" may

be a matter of luck, as when their friendship with a neighbor turned out to be a connection to larger drug smuggling-dealing network

According to the social reality of crime theory, definitions of crime are

composed of behaviors that conflict with interests of the dominant class.

According to Quinney, the social reality of crime theory is based on

conflict in society.

Liederbach suggests that although Medicaid's challenge to the medical establishment extended health benefits to the nation's poor, paradoxically, it

created new opportunities and motivations for physicians to commit medical offenses.

Communities solve the problem of instructing members about its boundaries by such practices as

criminal trials

A recurring feature of US society according to Reinarman has been

drug scares beginning with the Temperance movement.

The fact that we no longer punish deviants in public is connected with the

emergence of newspapers, radio and TV.

In school the Saints

enjoyed a good reputation among teachers and popularity among fellow students, receiving good grades while engaging in truancy and cheating.

The premise of Reinarman's article is that it is

equally important to understand drug scares as it is to understand why people use drugs.

Pager's research employs which of the following methodologies?

experimental design using matched pairs of individuals

Pager's research employs which of the following methodologies?

experimental design using matched pairs of individuals.

Two types of medical kickbacks include

fee splitting and self-referrals

Which of the following findings is reported by Blinde and Traube?

female athletes internalized lesbian stereotypes.

The "broken-window theory" cited in Duran's study refers to

focus of law enforcement efforts on minor offenses to prevent social and physical disorder and thus reduce the level of overall crime.

Recent suggests that all of the following are related negatively to smoking tobacco EXCEPT

gender

On weekends the Saints

generally visited Big Town to drink alcohol, get drunk, and recklessly drive around town while committing various mischief pranks

Among daily concerns of the Saints during the week Monday to Friday was

getting out of school as early as possible to hang out in the pool hall or cafe.

Good reputations can be codified in all of the following EXCEPT

great health and medical diagnosis.

Chambliss's study of the Saints and Roughnecks shows

how the power of social class facilitates labeling some groups as deviant and others as legitimate even though behavior of both is similar.

Part of field research for the Adlers involved turning several key persons (for example, the Adlers' neighbor) involved in the illicit drug trade persons into

informants from which to collect life histories and to tape unstructured, in-depth interviews, as well as to acquire additional contacts and subjects.

One argument presented by defenders of the status quo in Shasta County was

infringement on individual rights.

When individuals use illegitimate means for achieving the cultural goal of being successful, like winning whatever it takes, this is defined by Merton as

innovation

Conformity includes all of the following except

institutional norms are more highly valued than are cultural goals.

Differential association theory states that criminal behavior

is learned in social interaction

Labeling theory holds that deviance is not a quality of the act because it

is the result of the application by others of rules and sanctions to one labeled deviant

What was the effect of race on job seekers in terms of callbacks from employers for those WITHOUT and WITH criminal records?

large effect: blacks WITHOUT criminal records received fewer callbacks than whites WITH criminal records.

Blinde and Traube suggest all of the following regarding the label of lesbianism EXCEPT

lesbianism does not represent a threat to the patriarchal social order because women have low status to begin with.

Commitment ceremonies have all of the following features EXCEPT

mark a temporary change in a person's status as deviant.

Anti-drug crusades have generally been associated with

minority and disadvantaged groups as scapegoats for creating new legislation.

All of the following are important implications of Pager's research EXCEPT

more job training and G.E.D. programs in prison are the only hope for employment after release for millions of offenders.

The only "material" or resource found in society for making boundaries is

networks of social interaction

Reinarman suggests all of the following three factors to explain America's marked vulnerability to anti-drug crusaders EXCEPT:

new, powerful, psychotropic drugs which provide high addiction rates.

Sutherland and Cressey suggest that American society

offers conflicting definitions regarding conformity with legal codes.

According to Heckert/Heckert's typology, rate busting refers to

overconformity that is negatively evaluated.

According to Heckert/Heckert's typology, positive deviance is

overconformity that is positively evaluated.

According to the social reality of crime theory, behavior patterns are structured in relation to definitions of crime and within this context

people will interact with others, learn attitudes and engage in actions likely to be defined as criminal.

Different community and school perceptions and treatment of the Saints and the Roughnecks are due to all of the following EXCEPT

political correctness: the Saints unlike the Roughnecks were politically more conservative, voted in elections and discussed current political issues.

The physician's altruistic image is associated with all of the following EXCEPT

professional self-regulation

Medical offenses include all of the following EXCEPT

protective cloak.

Examples of fanaticism, middle-class rate busting related to the norm of group loyalty, are

religious cults, KKK, super-patriots, Aryan Nation.

(2)All of the following are elements of drug scares and repressive laws EXCEPT:

respectable, middle-class people have begun to use drugs. ANS:DREF: Pages 163-164

All of the following are elements of drug scares and repressive laws EXCEPT:

rigorous scientific research establishing the objective harm of drug.

Using Merton's typology, a member of an organization who placed greater emphasis upon complying with bureaucratic procedures than on whether the underlying purpose was achieved would be an example of

ritualism

In general, bad reputations can lead to the following EXCEPT

secure promotions and career advancement.

Erikson makes the unexpected observation that many of the institutions designed to discourage deviant behavior may in fact

serve to perpetuate or even increase deviance

Blinde and Traube's analysis of interview data identified two major issues or themes relating to stereotypes in sport, which are

silence about lesbianism in women's sport and female athletes' internalization of lesbian stereotypes.

Berger and Luckmann (1966) in a book on the sociology of knowledge introduced the concept of

social construction.

Kitsuse (1977) redefined the study of

social problems as claims that particular conditions be viewed as public issues and to study the claims makers.

Erikson suggests that the self-fulfilling prophecy as applied to the study of deviance means that

society's view that "once deviant, always deviant" creates a situation that limits the opportunities for the ex-deviant to conform.

All of the following describe the expansion of the prison population EXCEPT

the United States will release less than 40% of those incarcerated due to "3 strikes" life sentences, amounting to about 200,000 persons annually.

Chambliss notes a consequence of the community's response to the Roughnecks as boys in trouble

the boys agreed with the community label, reinforcing their pattern of delinquency with their self-concept as delinquents becoming entrenched.

All of the following are true about the Roughnecks EXCEPT

the community was fully aware of the entire group's delinquent activities: fighting, theft and drinking.

It was difficult for NHSLS researchers to determine where to draw boundaries for sex behavior in their questionnaire because

the definition of sexual activity is not limited to sexual intercourse.

Blinde and Traube conclude that

the label of lesbian discredits female athletes, disempowers and harms women, and discourages women from entering sport.

Tuggle and Holmes argue that the ability to define and construct reality is closely connected to the following

the power structure of society.

The "secret" of achieving high survey response rates in the NHSLS project was

thorough interviewer training and a highly mobilized field staff who conducted face-to-face interviews.

Gangs are defined by many US states as

three or more people engaged in criminal activity either collectively or individually

The concept of blowback according to Best and Lowney is best described as

unanticipated, negative consequences of social action that organizations and institutions with good reputations can be susceptible to.

According to Heckert/Heckert's typology, deviance admiration refers to

underconformity that is positively evaluated.

Labeling theory points out that there is much variability to how others may respond to a given act as deviant, including all of the following EXCEPT

when there is enough evidence to warrant an investigation.

Did the adult careers of the Saints and the Roughnecks seem to justify the community's view of their different potential?

yes, most Saints went to college and graduated, and while two Roughnecks graduated from college, most did not, and two went to prison.

All of the following were cited as serious forms of misconduct by police in Duran's study EXCEPT

young Black men were the disproportionate recipients of aggressive policing tactics such as stops and searches