Unit 5- Early Republic Review

Federalist Party Splits

Adams; Two sides (Adams on one side, Hamilton on the other) disagreed on if Congress had the power to create a national bank.

XYZ Affair

Adams; a 1797 French attempt to bribe the United States by demanding money before discussing French seizure of neutral American ships. American response: "Millions for defense, but not one cent for tribute!"

Alien and Sedition Acts

Adams; in 1798, Federalist-supported laws that permitted the President to expel foreigners, made it harder for immigrants to become citizens, and allowed for citizens to be fined or jailed if they criticized the government or its officials. This was a major violation of Freedom of Speech.

Marbury v. Madison

Jefferson; Court case that established judicial review.

Embargo Act

Jefferson; an 1807 law that imposed a total ban on foreign trade. Intended to pressure other nations to respect the United States and to protect sailors being kidnapped but failed and hurt the economy.

Lewis and Clark Expedition

Jefferson; an expedition led by Meriwether Lewis and William Clark that began in 1804 to explore the Louisiana Purchase

Barbary Pirates

Jefferson; plundering pirates off the Mediterranean coast of Africa; President Thomas Jefferson's refusal to pay them tribute (bribe) to protect American ships sparked an undeclared naval war with North African nations, 1801-1805

Louisiana Purchase

Jefferson; vast territory between the Mississippi River and Rocky Mountains, purchased from France in 1803

John Adams

Second President of the United States. Faced challenges like the XYZ affair and the Alien and Sedition Acts.

Sectionalism v. Nationalism

Monroe; the opposition between loyalty to a state/section rather than to the whole country

Adams-Onis Treaty

Aquired Florida from Spain

American System

Monroe; program for economic growth promoted by Henry Clay in the early 1800s; called for high tariffs on imports

Era of Good Feelings

Monroe; the eight years of James Monroe's presidency, from 1817 to 1825

Federalist

Favored a loose construction/interpretation of the Constitution so that it can change over time.

Democratic-Republicans

Favored a strict interpretation/construction of the Constitution and saw no need for change

High Tariffs

Favored by the North because they protected the manufacturing economy and made imported goods more expensive. Encouraged people to buy products made in the North.

Low Tariffs

Favored by the South because they were isolated and relied on the foreign exports for survival.

James Monroe

Fifth President of the U.S during the Era of Good Feelings. President during the Missouri Compromise. Also, responsible for the U.S. gaining the territory of Florida.

George Washington

First President of the U.S. Set many precedents, like serving two terms and setting up the Cabinet. An early challenge he faced was paying off the war debt from the Revolution.

Imports Blocked

Forced Americans to become self sufficient and manufacture their own goods during and after the War of 1812

James Madison

Fourth President of the U.S. President DURING the War of 1812.

Battle of New Orleans

Madison; At the end of the War of 1812, a battle between British and American forces that ended in an American victory. Fighting took place after the peace treaty was signed (due to slow communication)

Congress Declares War

Madison; June 1812, President Madison gives in to war fever, asks Congress to declare war on Britain.

War Hawks

Madison; members of Congress from the South and the West who called for war with Britain prior to the War of 1812. Called for war because of Britain encouraging the Indians to attack Americans.

Treaty of Ghent

Madison; peace treaty signed by Britain and the United States at the end of the War of 1812

John Marshall

Member of the Federalis party, and served as Cheif Justice of the Supreme Court. Judicial Review was established under his term as Supreme Court Justice.

Missouri Compromise

Missouri entered as a slave state, Maine entered a free state. And slavery is not allowed to spread north of the 36 parallel.

Monroe Doctrine

Monroe; President Monroe's foreign policy statement warning European nations not to interfere in U.S. affairs or with Latin America. Served as an example for hundreds of years.

Protective Tariff

Monroe; a tax with the purpose of protecting a country's industries from foreign competition, such as the Tariff of 1816

Gibbons v. Ogden

Monroe; an 1814 case in which the Supreme Court upheld the power of the federal government to regulate commerce. Defined the powers of the federal government.

McCulloch v. Maryland

Monroe; an 1819 case in which the Supreme Court ruled that states had no right to interfere with federal institutions within their borders. Defined the powers of the federal government.

Thomas Jefferson

Third President of the U.S. Purchased the Louisiana territory from France in 1803. Issued the Embargo Act to protect the sailors that were being forced into impressment in the British Navy.

War of 1812

War with the British army over interfearing with trade. During the war Britain captured and burned much of Washington D.C. Dolly Madison is a hero when she saves Washington's painting.

Thomas Jefferson

Was a leader of the Democratic-Republican party and was in favor of a weak central government. 3rd President. Purchased Louisian Territory from France.

Alexander Hamilton

Was a leader of the Federalist party and was in favor of a strong central government, Washington's Secretary of the Treasury

Judiciary Act

Washington; a 1789 law that created the structure of the Supreme Court and set up a system of district courts and circuit courts for the nation

Neutrality Proclamation

Washington; a 1793 statement by President Washington that the United States would not support or aid either France or Britain in their European conflict

Whiskey Rebellion

Washington; a 1794 protest over a tax on all liquor made and sold in the United States. Showed that the federal government was powerful and would take military action to enforce laws.

Farewell Address

Washington; advised Americans against becoming involved in foreign affairs and of the danger of political parties

Bank of the United States

Washington; bank set up in 1791 to hold government deposits and to issue paper money to pay government bills