Unit 5 History Test

a. concern for United States economic and strategic interests in the region

During the presidency of William H. Taft, United States policy in Latin America was driven primarily by

a. the United States and Japan agreed to respect each other's territorial holdings in the Pacific.

In the Root-Takahira agreement of 1908,

c. sought to spread Protestantism and Anglo-Saxon values

In the late 1800s, many Americans came to support a United States empire overseas because they a. thought that importing foreign products would stimulate the United States economy b. wanted the United States to assist British and German colonization c. sought to spread Protestantism and Anglo-Saxon values d. wanted to create a more diverse society e. viewed colonies as places where African Americans could be resettled

d. the flooding of American markets by foreign producers

In the late nineteenth century, all of the following encouraged American jingoism EXCEPT a. yellow journalism b. Social Darwinism c. the example of European imperialism d. the flooding of American markets by foreign producers e. the New Navy policy of Alfred Thayer Mahan and Theodore Roosevelt

c. journalist and photographer who publicized the wretched conditions in which many immigrants lived

Jacob Riis is best known for his work in the 1890s as a

a. the high death toll from alcohol-related automobile accidents

All of the following contributed to the passage of the Eighteenth Amendment legislating Prohibition in 1919 EXCEPT a. the high death toll from alcohol-related automobile accidents b. the cumulative impact of state prohibition laws c. the Progressive belief in social reform d. the fervor of the First World War lending patriotism to the cause of prohibition

b. United States colonialism in the Philippines was incompatible with the American belief in self-determination

Many anti-imperialists opposed the annexation of the Philippines in 1898 because they believed that

d. the Constitution did not necessarily apply.

On the question of whether American laws applied to the overseas territory acquired in the Spanish-American War, the Supreme Court ruled that

c. sales and circulation of newspapers and magazines increased

One reason early twentieth century muckrakers were able to have a significant impact on society was because

d. mediate a conclusion to the Russo-Japanese War.

President Roosevelt organized a conference in Portsmouth, New Hampshire, in 1905 to

b. insider trading on the stock market

President Theodore Roosevelt addressed all of the following issues during his presidency EXCEPT a. unsafe drug products Selected:b. insider trading on the stock market. c. railroad freight rates d. monopolization and consolidation in the railroad industry e. unsanitary conditions in the meat-packing industry

e. Equal commercial access by all nations to the existing spheres of influence in China

The Open Door policy in China called for which of the following? a. Reduction of foreign tariffs on Chinese goods b. Recognition of Chinese territorial gains in Manchuria c. A consortium of nations to govern China d. International acknowledgement of China's right to exclude the trade of any nation e. Equal commercial access by all nations to the existing spheres of influence in China

a. Emilio Aguinaldo.

The Philippine nationalist who led the insurrection against both Spanish rule and the later United States occupation was a. Emilio Aguinaldo.. b. Valeriano Weyler. c. Dupuy de Lóme. d. Pasqual de Cervera.

Know this

The Progressive Era image above depicts President Theodore Roosevelt. Using the image, answer (a), (b), and (c). a. Briefly describe ONE perspective expressed by the artist about the role of government in society. b. Briefly explain how ONE event or development led to the historical situation depicted in the image. c. Briefly explain ONE specific outcome of Progressive Era debates about the role of government in society.

a. Declared the United States to be the "policeman" of the Western Hemisphere.

The Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine did which of the following? a. Declared the United States to be the "policeman" of the Western Hemisphere. b. Warned against European seizure of the Panama Canal. c. Sought to end the wave of nationalization of American-owned property in the Caribbean. d. Prohibited United States intervention in the Caribbean. e. Provided United States military support for democratic revolutions in Latin America.

d. Central America and the Caribbean

The Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine expanded America's role in a. Europe b. the Philippines c. Asia d. Central America and the Caribbean e. North Africa

d. guaranteed that the United States would uphold the independence of Cuba.

The Teller Amendment

d. The Philippines

The United States annexed which of the following after defeating Spain in the Spanish-American War?

c. Hay-Bunau-Varilla Treaty.

The United States gained a perpetual lease on the Panama Canal Zone in the

a. an explosion on the ship.

The battleship Maine was sunk by a. an explosion on the ship. b. Cuban rebels. c. the Spanish. d. a mine planted by pro-Cuban Americans.

b. the suppression of an independence movement in the Philippines

The developments referenced by the image most directly contributed to the United States involvement in

d. sickness & diseases in both Cuba and the United States.

The greatest loss of life for American fighting men during the Spanish-American War resulted from

d. the fear of increased militarism among European and Pacific powers

The ideas addressed in the image most directly relate to

d. Interventionism had become a more prevalent feature of foreign policy.

The ideas expressed through the image reveal that in 1901, which of the following was most true of the United States? a. Efforts to spread democracy overseas had been largely peaceful. b. Theories of survival of the fittest had been widely rejected by the public. c. Women were encouraged to join the armed forces. d. Interventionism had become a more prevalent feature of foreign policy.

c. middle-class reformers concerned with urban and other social issues

The leaders of the Progressive movement were primarily

a. control of the sea was the key to world domination.

U. S. naval captain Alfred Thayer Mahan argued that

c. Acquisition of the Philippine Islands

Which of the following aroused the greatest controversy in the United States at the end of the Spanish American War? a. Humanitarian efforts on behalf of concentration camp victims b. Increases in the size of the army and navy Selected:c. Acquisition of the Philippine Islands d. Payment of a $20 million indemnity to Spain e. Liberation of Cuba from Spanish control

d. Designation of national parks and forests for recreation and managed use.

Which of the following best characterizes the conservationist approach to the environment that emerged in the Progressive Era? a. Passage of legislation to ensure clean air and waterways b. Passage of legislation banning the use of pesticides in agriculture c. Preservation of both land and wildlife in pristine condition d. Designation of national parks and forests for recreation and managed use. e. Use of federal money to clean up polluted industrial sites

c. The United States victory in the Spanish-American War

Which of the following most directly led to the circumstances illustrated by the image? a. The United States contributions to the Allied victory in the First World War b. The ratification of the Nineteenth Amendment to the Constitution. c. The United States victory in the Spanish-American War d. The Supreme Court ruling in Plessy v. Ferguson

b. Industrialization

"All the fresh air that ever enters these stairs comes from the hall-door that is forever slamming, and from the windows of dark bedrooms that in turn receive from the stairs their sole supply of the elements God meant to be free.... The sinks are in the hallway, that all the tenants may have access—and all be poisoned alike by their summer stenches.... When the summer heats come with their suffering they have meaning more terrible than words can tell.... This gap between dingy brick-walls is the yard. That strip of smoke-colored sky up there is the heaven of these people.... A hundred thousand people lived in... tenements in New York last year." Jacob Riis, How the Other Half Lives, 1890 The excerpt is best understood as a response to which of the following historical developments? a. The Progressive Era b. Industrialization c. The Gilded AgeThis answer is incorrect. d. Reconstruction

d. The development of the Progressive movement to address social problems associated with industrial society

"As the early years at Hull House show, female participation in that area of reform grew out of a set of needs and values peculiar to middle-class women in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century. Settlement workers did not set out to become reformers. They were rather women trying to fulfill existing social expectations for self sacrificing female service while at the same time satisfying their need for public recognition, authority, and independence. In the process of attempting to weave together a life of service and professional accomplishment, they became reformers as the wider world defined them." — Robyn Muncy, historian, Creating a Female Dominion in American Reform, 1890-1935, published in 1991 Which of the following was the most direct effect of the trend described in the excerpt? a. The emergence of the Populist Party's efforts to increase the role of government in the economy b. The election of large numbers of women to political offices c. The increased participation of women in factory work d. The development of the Progressive movement to address social problems associated with industrial society

roosevelt corollary

"Chronic wrongdoing, or an impotence which results in a general loosening of the ties of civilized society, may in America, as elsewhere, ultimately require intervention by some civilized nation, and in the Western Hemisphere the adherence of the United States to the Monroe Doctrine may force the United States, however reluctantly, in flagrant cases of such wrongdoing or impotence, to the exercise of an international police power." The foreign policy statement above came to be known as a. the Roosevelt Corollary b. the Truman Doctrine c. the Good Neighbor policy d. the Alliance for Progress e. dollar diplomacy

d. The expansion of participatory democracy in the Progressive Era

"Free should the scholar be,—free and brave. . . . We have listened too long to the courtly muses of Europe. . . . We will walk on our own feet; we will work with our own hands; we will speak our own minds. Then shall man be no longer a name for pity, for doubt, and for sensual indulgence. . . . A nation of men will for the first time exist." Which of the following developments best represents a logical extension of the ideas expressed in the excerpt? a. The rise of Social Darwinism in the late nineteenth century b. The increasing support for the annexation of overseas territories c. The rise of big business in the Gilded Age d. The expansion of participatory democracy in the Progressive Era

b. Reformers encouraged the more active protection of natural resources.

"Hetch Hetchy Valley, far from being a plain, common, rock-bound meadow, as many who have not seen it seem to suppose, is a grand landscape garden, one of Nature's rarest and most precious mountain temples. . . . The sublime rocks of its walls seem to glow with life, whether leaning back in repose or standing erect in thoughtful attitudes, giving welcome to storms and calms alike, their brows in the sky, their feet set in the groves and gay flowery meadows, while birds, bees, and butterflies help the river and waterfalls to stir all the air into music. . . . "This most precious and sublime feature of the Yosemite National Park, one of the greatest of all our natural resources for the uplifting joy and peace and health of the people, is in danger of being dammed and made into a reservoir to help supply San Francisco with water and light, thus flooding it from wall to wall and burying its gardens and groves one or two hundred feet deep. This grossly destructive commercial scheme has long been planned and urged . . . because of the comparative cheapness of the dam. . . . "That anyone would try to destroy [Hetch Hetchy Valley] seems incredible; but sad experience shows that there are people good enough and bad enough for anything. The proponents of the dam scheme bring forward a lot of bad arguments to prove that the only righteous thing to do with the people's parks is to destroy them bit by bit as they are able." John Muir, The Yosemite, published in 1912 Which of the following arguments could best be supported by the purpose of the excerpt? a. Urbanization led to the transformation of the natural landscape in every part of the country. b. Reformers encouraged the more active protection of natural resources. c. Wartime mobilization contributed to the use of national parks for military purposes. d. Industrialization resulted in the use of fewer raw materials because of efficient production.

c. Many Americans believed that acquiring island territories would encourage economic development.

"I believe, we shall find arguments in favor of the retention of the Philippines as possessions of great value and a source of great profit to the people of the United States which cannot be overthrown. First, as to the islands themselves. They are over a hundred thousand square miles in extent, and are of the greatest richness and fertility. From these islands . . . there is no tropical product which cannot be raised in abundance. . . . "A much more important point is to be found in the markets which they furnish. The total value of exports and imports for 1896 amounted in round numbers to $29,000,000. . . . There can be no doubt that the islands in our peaceful possession would take from us a very large proportion of their imports. . . . With the development of the islands and the increase of commerce and of business activity the consumption of foreign imports would rapidly advance, and of this increase we should reap the chief benefit. . . . ". . . Manila, with its magnificent bay, is the prize and the pearl of the East. In our hands it will become one of the greatest distributing points, one of the richest emporiums of the world's commerce. Rich in itself, with all its fertile islands behind it, it will . . . enable American enterprise and intelligence to take a master share in all the trade of the Orient! We have been told that arguments like these are sordid (dirty). Sordid indeed! . . . A policy which proposes to open wider markets to the people of the United States . . . seems to me a great and noble policy." Henry Cabot Lodge, senator, speech to the United States Senate, 1900 Which of the following best explains Lodge's point of view on markets in the excerpt? a. Democrats argued that the United States should focus on domestic economic development over international trade. b. Republican business leaders lobbied for imperial expansion to provide locations for new factories. c. Many Americans believed that acquiring island territories would encourage economic development. d. Political leaders claimed that the lives of Native Americans could be improved if they moved to new overseas colonies.

:d. Many Filipinos joined a nationalist movement seeking independence from the United States.

"I believe, we shall find arguments in favor of the retention of the Philippines as possessions of great value and a source of great profit to the people of the United States which cannot be overthrown. First, as to the islands themselves. They are over a hundred thousand square miles in extent, and are of the greatest richness and fertility. From these islands . . . there is no tropical product which cannot be raised in abundance. . . . "A much more important point is to be found in the markets which they furnish. The total value of exports and imports for 1896 amounted in round numbers to $29,000,000. . . . There can be no doubt that the islands in our peaceful possession would take from us a very large proportion of their imports. . . . With the development of the islands and the increase of commerce and of business activity the consumption of foreign imports would rapidly advance, and of this increase we should reap the chief benefit. . . . ". . . Manila, with its magnificent bay, is the prize and the pearl of the East. In our hands it will become one of the greatest distributing points, one of the richest emporiums of the world's commerce. Rich in itself, with all its fertile islands behind it, it will . . . enable American enterprise and intelligence to take a master share in all the trade of the Orient! We have been told that arguments like these are sordid (dirty). Sordid indeed! . . . A policy which proposes to open wider markets to the people of the United States . . . seems to me a great and noble policy." Henry Cabot Lodge, senator, speech to the United States Senate, 1900 Which of the following best explains the historical situation that caused opponents of Lodge to call arguments such as the ones in the excerpt "sordid"? a. Many Americans asserted that the Philippines should become a state. b. Many manufacturers claimed that expanded trade with eastern Asia was undesirable. c. Many reformers asserted the racial equality of Filipinos and White Americans. :d. Many Filipinos joined a nationalist movement seeking independence from the United States.

b. The United States came to control new colonial possessions after the Spanish-American War.

"I believe, we shall find arguments in favor of the retention of the Philippines as possessions of great value and a source of great profit to the people of the United States which cannot be overthrown. First, as to the islands themselves. They are over a hundred thousand square miles in extent, and are of the greatest richness and fertility. From these islands . . . there is no tropical product which cannot be raised in abundance. . . . "A much more important point is to be found in the markets which they furnish. The total value of exports and imports for 1896 amounted in round numbers to $29,000,000. . . . There can be no doubt that the islands in our peaceful possession would take from us a very large proportion of their imports. . . . With the development of the islands and the increase of commerce and of business activity the consumption of foreign imports would rapidly advance, and of this increase we should reap the chief benefit. . . . ". . . Manila, with its magnificent bay, is the prize and the pearl of the East. In our hands it will become one of the greatest distributing points, one of the richest emporiums of the world's commerce. Rich in itself, with all its fertile islands behind it, it will . . . enable American enterprise and intelligence to take a master share in all the trade of the Orient! We have been told that arguments like these are sordid (dirty). Sordid indeed! . . . A policy which proposes to open wider markets to the people of the United States . . . seems to me a great and noble policy." Henry Cabot Lodge, senator, speech to the United States Senate, 1900 Which of the following explains the historical situation that led Lodge to deliver the speech in the excerpt? a. The United States sought continued employment overseas for veterans of wars with Native Americans. b. The United States came to control new colonial possessions after the Spanish-American War. c. The United States negotiated territorial exchanges with Germany to end the First World War. d. The United States invaded Pacific islands as a means to defeat Japan in the Second World War.

b. a Progressive Era reformer

"If we do not follow the most scientific approved methods, the most modern discoveries of how to conserve and propagate and renew wherever possible those resources which Nature in her providence has given to man for his use but not abuse, the time will come when the world will not be able to support life, and then we shall have no need of conservation of health, strength, or vital force because we must have the things to support life or everything else is useless.... [D]o not forget that the conservation of life itself must be built on the solid foundation of conservation of natural resources, or it will be a house built upon the sands that will be washed away." Based on the excerpt, Marion Crocker was most likely a. an advocate for an expansion of the New Deal b. a Progressive Era reformer c. a member of the Populist Party d. an advocate for African American civil rights

c. promoting federal legislation to protect the environment

"If we do not follow the most scientific approved methods, the most modern discoveries of how to conserve and propagate and renew wherever possible those resources which Nature in her providence has given to man for his use but not abuse, the time will come when the world will not be able to support life, and then we shall have no need of conservation of health, strength, or vital force because we must have the things to support life or everything else is useless.... [D]o not forget that the conservation of life itself must be built on the solid foundation of conservation of natural resources, or it will be a house built upon the sands that will be washed away." People who shared Crocker's ideas at the time most typically sought to achieve their goals by a. creating alliances with politicians to promote sustainable farming b. proposing the use of new technologies to reduce pollution c. promoting federal legislation to protect the environment. d. seeking partnerships with business leaders to manage emissions

b. Anti-expansionist groups that advocated Filipino independence

"In 1789 the flag of the Republic waved over 4,000,000 souls in thirteen states, and their savage territory which stretched to the Mississippi, to Canada, to the Floridas. The timid minds of that day said that no new territory was needed; and, for the hour, they were right. But [Thomas] Jefferson, through whose intellect the centuries marched; Jefferson, who dreamed of Cuba as an American state; Jefferson, the first Imperialist of the Republic—Jefferson acquired that imperial territory which swept from the Mississippi to the mountains, from Texas to the British possessions, and the march of the flag began! . . . Jefferson, strict constructionist of constitutional power though he was, obeyed the Anglo-Saxon impulse within him. . . . And now obeying the same voice that Jefferson heard and obeyed, that [Andrew] Jackson heard and obeyed, that [James] Monroe heard and obeyed, that [William] Seward heard and obeyed, that [Ulysses] Grant heard and obeyed, that [Benjamin] Harrison heard and obeyed, our President today plants the flag over the islands of the seas, outposts of commerce, citadels of national security, and the march of the flag goes on!" Albert J. Beveridge, candidate for United States Senate, "The March of the Flag" speech, 1898 Based on the excerpt, Beveridge would have most likely opposed which of the following? a. The Chinese Exclusion Act and limits on immigration b. Anti-expansionist groups that advocated Filipino independence c. The doctrine of survival of the fittest as applied to society d. Senator Henry Dawes's program to reform American Indian policy through forced assimilation

c. The right of the United States to assert power over foreign lands is God-given.

"In 1789 the flag of the Republic waved over 4,000,000 souls in thirteen states, and their savage territory which stretched to the Mississippi, to Canada, to the Floridas. The timid minds of that day said that no new territory was needed; and, for the hour, they were right. But [Thomas] Jefferson, through whose intellect the centuries marched; Jefferson, who dreamed of Cuba as an American state; Jefferson, the first Imperialist of the Republic—Jefferson acquired that imperial territory which swept from the Mississippi to the mountains, from Texas to the British possessions, and the march of the flag began! . . . Jefferson, strict constructionist of constitutional power though he was, obeyed the Anglo-Saxon impulse within him. . . . And now obeying the same voice that Jefferson heard and obeyed, that [Andrew] Jackson heard and obeyed, that [James] Monroe heard and obeyed, that [William] Seward heard and obeyed, that [Ulysses] Grant heard and obeyed, that [Benjamin] Harrison heard and obeyed, our President today plants the flag over the islands of the seas, outposts of commerce, citadels of national security, and the march of the flag goes on!" Albert J. Beveridge, candidate for United States Senate, "The March of the Flag" speech, 1898 Beveridge's ideas in the excerpt best support which of the following positions commonly expressed at the time? a. The United States foreign policy has always been isolationist and reluctant to intervene abroad. b. Mexico and Canada have no right to question or check United States expansion. c. The right of the United States to assert power over foreign lands is God-given. d. A smaller federal government was necessary to face the foreign policy challenges of the twentieth century.

d. debates in the aftermath of the war with Spain

"In 1789 the flag of the Republic waved over 4,000,000 souls in thirteen states, and their savage territory which stretched to the Mississippi, to Canada, to the Floridas. The timid minds of that day said that no new territory was needed; and, for the hour, they were right. But [Thomas] Jefferson, through whose intellect the centuries marched; Jefferson, who dreamed of Cuba as an American state; Jefferson, the first Imperialist of the Republic—Jefferson acquired that imperial territory which swept from the Mississippi to the mountains, from Texas to the British possessions, and the march of the flag began! . . . Jefferson, strict constructionist of constitutional power though he was, obeyed the Anglo-Saxon impulse within him. . . . And now obeying the same voice that Jefferson heard and obeyed, that [Andrew] Jackson heard and obeyed, that [James] Monroe heard and obeyed, that [William] Seward heard and obeyed, that [Ulysses] Grant heard and obeyed, that [Benjamin] Harrison heard and obeyed, our President today plants the flag over the islands of the seas, outposts of commerce, citadels of national security, and the march of the flag goes on!" Albert J. Beveridge, candidate for United States Senate, "The March of the Flag" speech, 1898 Beveridge's speech was written in the context of a. war with Great Britain during the James Madison administration b. efforts to gain concessions from Mexico through conflict c. the decision to avoid war with France during the John Adams administration d. debates in the aftermath of the war with Spain

b. Social injustice and rising economic inequality

"To turn the administration of our civic affairs wholly over to men may mean that the American city will continue to push forward in its commercial and industrial development, and continue to lag behind in those things which make a city healthful and beautiful. . . . If women have in any sense been responsible for the gentler side of life which softens and blurs some of its harsher conditions, may they not have a duty to perform in our American cities? . . . [I]f woman would fulfill her traditional responsibility to her own children; if she would educate and protect from danger factory children who must find their recreation on the street . . . then she must bring herself to the use of the ballot—that latest implement for self-government." The concerns Addams raises in the excerpt were most directly a reaction to which of the following? a. Fears about the growing number of immigrants in the United States b. Social injustice and rising economic inequality c. The transformation of rural society by mechanized agriculture d. The expansion of government regulation of corporations

c. Progressivism

"To turn the administration of our civic affairs wholly over to men may mean that the American city will continue to push forward in its commercial and industrial development, and continue to lag behind in those things which make a city healthful and beautiful. . . . If women have in any sense been responsible for the gentler side of life which softens and blurs some of its harsher conditions, may they not have a duty to perform in our American cities? . . . [I]f woman would fulfill her traditional responsibility to her own children; if she would educate and protect from danger factory children who must find their recreation on the street . . . then she must bring herself to the use of the ballot—that latest implement for self-government." The ideas expressed in the excerpt most clearly reflect the ideals of which of the following? a. States' rights b. Conservatism c. Progressivism d. Expansionism

c. a desire to improve the defense of the United States.

Construction of an isthmian canal was motivated mainly by

States began to require children to attend school until a certain age and to limit the ages at which they could be employed.

Around 1920, the number of children aged 10 to 15 in the industrial workforce began to decline for which of the following reasons?a. Introduction of the minimum wage made child labor uneconomical. b. The American birth rate declined, thus reducing the number of children available to work. c. Factory owners advocated state child labor laws. d. The Supreme Court sustained laws barring the interstate sale of goods produced by child labor. e. States began to require children to attend school until a certain age and to limit the ages at which they could be employed.

b. commercial involvement in both Latin America and eastern Asia

Between 1890 and 1910, the United States most strongly pursued a foreign policy promoting a. isolationism in world affairs b. commercial involvement in both Latin America and eastern Asia c. a sphere of influence in Africa d. close military alliances with Great Britain and France

d. throw out or kill all foreigners

China's Boxer Rebellion was an attempt to

e. imposition of poll taxes

Constitutional amendments enacted during the Progressive Era concerned all of the following EXCEPT a. imposition of income taxes b. extension of suffrage to women c. procedures for electing United States senators d. prohibition of the sale of alcoholic beverages e. imposition of poll taxes

c. were commanded by Colonel Leonard Wood.

The "Rough Riders," organized principally by Teddy Roosevelt, a. were trained in guerrilla warfare. b. managed to take Santiago Bay unassisted. c. were commanded by Colonel Leonard Wood. d. consisted primarily of Roosevelt's upper-class friends

a. journalists who wrote articles exposing political corruption and urban poverty

The term "muckrakers" was used in the early twentieth century to refer to a. journalists who wrote articles exposing political corruption and urban poverty b. writers who wrote articles sympathetic to big business c. laborers who worked in the meatpacking industry d. captains of industry who defended the accumulation of wealth in lectures and pamphlets