Unit 5 Test

Based on the data in the graph, which location showed an annual average grain yield in 1991-1993 that was approximately 2.3 times the yield in 1961-1963?

Asia.

At the current rate of growth, Earth's human population will double in about 50 years. Which of the following is the LEAST viable strategy for ensuring adequate nutrition for a population of this size?

Doubling the area of arable land on a global basis.

overgrazing of grasslands can lead to reduced range quality. Two of the major effects of overgrazing are

Erosion and desertification.

A major environmental problem caused by using the agricultural practice of tilling is

Eutrophication from excessive fertilizer use.

An integrated pest-management approach to pest control emphasizes which of the following?

Reduction of crop damage to an economically tolerable level

Which of the following is most likely to occur in a forested region that has been recently clear-cut?

The concentration of nitrates in streams running through the region will increase.

Which of the following best describes acid mine drainage?

The leakage of water containing toxic materials from coal and metal mines.

Which of the following statements best explains the relationship shown on the graph?

The use of glyphosate herbicides has decreased because it has been shown to be ineffective in killing weeds.

Which of the following best explains why the maximum sustainable yield for ocean fisheries has been exceeded?

Too many fish of reproductive age are harvested.

Which of the following procedures would be best for remediating the effects of soil salinization?

Addition of large amounts of water to leach out salts.

Which of the following statements best describes the most unsustainable method of clear-cutting forests to harvest timber?

All of the trees in a forest are cut down and removed in one operation.

Which of the following best describes why aquaculture has grown considerably in several parts of the world?

Aquaculture fisheries provide a larger and more consistent quantity of fish year-round than do wild fisheries.

Which of the following is a commercially used method for harvesting trees and is most likely to lead to a fragmented landscape with serious impacts on biodiversity?

Clear-cutting

Sustainable use of forests in the United States would likely be encouraged by

Cutting small groups of medium and large sized trees in uneven aged forests.

Which of the following best identifies the author's perspective in terms of government funding for future agricultural research?

Funding should be obtained primarily through environmental conservation agencies.

Which of the following is a disadvantage associated with the genetic modification of crop?

Genetic modifications can decrease the genetic diversity of crop species.

A cost-benefit analysis done to investigate a proposed mine site would likely take which of the following into account?

I, II, and III

Biological control methods for managing insect pests are effective for reasons that include which of the following?

II and III only.

The chart above compares the daily water use per person to the price of water in selected countries. Which of the following conclusions can be correctly drawn using only the data in the chart?

Increased water use is generally correlated with lower water prices.

Which of the following is true of the Ogallala Aquifer?

It underlies the United States High Plains and is being depleted by overuse.

Which of the following actions would be the most likely to increase the protection of ecological systems in national forests?

Mandate that the government makes for sales for logging rights in the national forests be at fair market value.

When a rain forest is slashed and burned, the local concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere increases. This is primarily due to

Oxidation of carbon compounds.

Based on the diagram above, which of the following best explains how urban runoff could be decreased?

Replace traditional pavement with more porous pavement to increase ground infiltration.

Coal was surface mined from five sites, labeled 1 through 5, that had originally been covered by forest. Each site was planted with a mix of tree seedlings to reclaim the area to forest. Grass was also seeded over each site to prevent initial erosion and to provide forage. Ten years after planting, information was collected at the five sites and is given in the table below. Select the letter of the row that indicates the site with the most successful forest reclamation.

Row E

Which of the following problems is best addressed with contour plowing?

Soil erosion

A farmer observes that increasingly higher concentrations of a particular pesticide have been required each year over the past ten years to achieve the same level of effectiveness on a specific insect pest. Which of the following best helps explain the observation?

Some individual insects are more likely than others to survive and reproduce due to their inherited traits.

Biological controls are frequently used to replace persistent chemical pesticides. Which of the following represents the greatest potential risk of using biological controls?

The control agent attacks not only its intended target but also beneficial species.

Which of the following statements best identifies the author's assumptions in terms of a new green revolution?

The global demand for food has remained constant since the 1940s, and therefore there has been minimal pressure to change agricultural practices.

Which of the following best describes the process of "mountaintop removal?"

The use of heavy equipment to move overburden downhill during the strip mining of coal.

Which of the following is the most likely result from clearing mature, forested land and converting it into agricultural land that would be used for cattle grazing?

There will be a decrease in the amount of runoff into nearby streams.

Which of the following will be the greatest impact of the development on the local water supply?

There will be less recharge of groundwater.

Which of the following practices is consistent with the production of organic crops according to the United States Department of Agriculture?

Using chemicals known as pheromones to disrupt insect mating cycles.

A sustainable society would emphasize

Using energy efficiently and reusing and recycling matter.

Which of the following best identifies the author's perspective in terms of utilizing science technology for future agricultural advances?

Using new science technologies to advance agriculture should be done cautiously to avoid unintended, negative consequences.

Based on the information shown in the graph, which of the following statements is most likely to be true?

When precipitation varies, streams in watershed II experience the greatest fluctuations in water volume.