Unit 5 - Voyages of Exploration

3 Main goals of Portuguese Explorations: Claim territory where? Find the southernmost point of where? Find a sear route to where & why?

Claim territory along the coast Find the southernmost point of Africa Find a sea route to India to trade with Asia

Impact of European Exploration: Colonization - to _________________ Greater geographic knowledge by making what? Competition for land and resources Expansion of what? Interaction among different peoples and continents

Colonization - to build up land Making maps Competition for land and resources: competitively Expansion of trade (trade routes) Interaction among different peoples and continents

Exploration was carried out how?

Competitively among European nations

Portuguese Explorations: In the mid- 1400s, Portugal began sending expeditions to explore the west coast of Africa why?

Africa was rich in salt & gold

a period from the 1400s to the 1700s in which Europeans explored Africa, the America's and Asia

Age of Discovery

Travel now: Travel for many reasons, including ___________ & pleasure Is faster and __________expensive than ever

Business less expensive Can learn a great deal before they go to a new place

Henry Hudson: Explored ___________ Bay, _______ River and ___________ Strait Added to Europe's knowledge of the _____________and North ____________

Explored Hudson Bay, Hudson River and Hudson Strait Added to Europe's knowledge of the Arctic and North America

Robert La Salle: Explored the ____________river Claimed the entire __________River in the name of France Built a chain of _______________ on the ________River Also a famous fur trader

Explored the Mississippi river Claimed the entire Mississippi River in the name of France Built a chain of trading posts on the Mississippi River Also a famous fur trader

How did Vasco da Gama success in opening a seagoing trade route to Asia help Portugal?

It allowed Portugal to build a trading empire

What was one characteristic of early European exploration?

It was expensive

Who explored the Pacific, Australia, Antarctic Coast & Hawaii?

James Cook

The Voyages of Ferdinand Magellan: Magellan sailed Spain and found the western route to where? He discovered how big the Pacific ocean was and determined what? Did he finish his voyage?

Magellan sailed Spain and found the western route to Asia - discovered how big the Pacific ocean was and determined that the route from Asia to Africa was faster ** but he sailed for both Spain and Portugal he didn't make the end of his voyage, he died, but the rest of his crew made it back safely

European Explorers Travel: Mainly sought ______________ and __________routes Was slow and _______________

Mainly sought resources and trade routes \ Was slow and expensive (would need sponsor like queen to pay for it) Did not know what they would find

Prince Henry the Navigator (1394-1460) Prince of where? Established a what? Sponsored what?

Prince of Portugal Established a school that trained sailors in ship design and instrumentation Sponsored many voyages of discovery along Africa's west coast - He never traveled himself, but knew it was important turned Portugal into one of the world leading places for exploration to thrive

Who explored the Mississippi River?

Robert La Salle

Global exploration by sea was made primarily by?

New technology

Who turned Portugal into one of the world leading places for exploration to thrive?

Prince Henry the Navigator

the science of making maps

cartography

Samuel de Champlain: Sailed to _________ for France Explored parts of what are now __________and the northern United States Returned to ___________ to establish and help lead the colony of ______________

Sailed to Canada for France Explored parts of what are now Canada and the northern United States Returned to Canada to establish and help lead the colony of Quebec

Which explorer extended Frances' influence in the Americas through his establishment of Quebec?

Samuel de Champlain

Who led the sailed to Canada and led the colony of Quebec?

Samuel de Champlain

Name 2 French Explorers:

Samuel de Champlain & Robert La Salle

The Treaty of Tordesillas best facilitated exploration by?

Settling competition over colonized territories

As navigation skills advanced, explorers reached the area now known as the straits of Magellan is located?

South of Chile and Argentina

The Treaty of Tordesillas (1494) : "line of Demarcation" Established a dividing line b/w where? Land _________ of the line belonged to Portugal (parts of South America including Brazil) Land to the _________of the line was Spain's (including South America except Brazil)

Spain and Portugal East of line belong to Portugal West of line belong to Spain

In Portugal, the ability and motivation to explore was aided by?

Strong leadership from Prince Henry

what was the instrument that navigators used to calculate the positions of the sun and the stars?

The astrolabe

The Treaty of Tordesillas was negotiated by the pope, the head of the Roman Catholic Church why?

The pope was a powerful political figure in Europe, not just a religious one

What was one of Portugal's main goals in exploring the west coast of Africa?

To claim territory along the coast

an instrument that was used to find and calculate the positions of stars and objects in space

astrolabe

What was a difference between Vasco de Gama and Bartolomeu Dias?

de Gama found a sea route to India, Dias found a sea route to South Africa

Vasco da Gama main goal was to?

find a water route to India

In ancient times, Europeans traded with Asia along the silk road. New routes were needed because why?

he Silk Road was unsafe, and the Ottoman Turks blocked Mediterranean Sea routes.

Improved Technology: During the Age of Discovery (1400s-1700s), Europeans made use of new knowledge and technology Carracks and caravels were what? The compass & what other instrument was used?

kinds of ships - bigger more efficient vessels that could hold more people and travel further the compass & the astrolabe were used

During the Age of discovery, the purpose of most European Exploration was to search for what?

resources and trade routes to claim territory outside of Europe

Why did Europeans travel across the Mediterranean sea to read the silk road?

to obtain cloths, spices and other goods

During the Age of discovery, interactions between Asia and Europe led to competition or land, and resources and were accompanied by an increase in what?

trade

Choices that describe impacts of Da Gama's expedition around the southern tip of Africa was that:

A sea route to Asia was established & Portugal built a trading empire

Making Maps: Europeans also learned _______________or the skill of map making. Cartographers learned to represent a _________ earth on a flat surface. Maps were used to mark locations of _____________ posts Maps changed as explorers discovered new territory

Cartography Curved earth on a flat surface locations of trading posts

James Cook: Explored the ___________ for England in the late 1700s Found ___________and claimed it for England Sailed close to the _________ coast in 1772 Explored _____________

Explored the Pacific for England in the late 1700s Found Australia and claimed it for England Sailed close to the Antarctic coast in 1772 Explored Hawaii

Bartolomeu Dias First European to sail to where? Developed a sea route from where to where? Portugal began to colonize where?

First European to sail to India in 1498 A sea route from Western Europe to Asia was established Portugal began to colonize parts of Africa and India, becoming a world power (b/c they had the capability to expand and trade with other countries)

Who added to Europe's Knowledge of the Arctic & North America?

Henry Hudson

Who explored North America and Arctic?

Henry Hudson

Who explored the Hudson Bay, River and Strait?

Henry Hudson

Name 2 English Explorers

Henry Hudson & James Cook

Which explorers led to a greater knowledge of north America, the Artic, Australia. and the Hawaiian Islands?

Henry Hudson and James cook

Spanish Exploration: In 1492 ________made his first of four voyages on behalf of Spain. What was he seeking? He sailed which direction and discovered what? His exploration led Spain to protect its interest in Americas

In 1492 Christopher Columbus made his first of four voyages on behalf of Spain. He was seeking a route to Asia. He sailed west and discovered North America.