Unit 7: E&V

Mt. Rainier, Washington, is number one on the danger list of many volcanologists because of ____________.

All of the choices are correct.

The energy behind the 1902 pyroclastic flow that destroyed St. Pierre came from _________________.

All of the choices are correct.

Violent causes of death from volcanic eruptions include _______________.

All of the choices are correct.

During the 1990's, hundreds of trees were killed at Mammoth Mountain, California, by the diffuse emission of _________ gas.

CO2

In 1973 the town of Vestmannaeyjar on the island of Heimaey (off the coast of Iceland), was devastated by pyroclastic flows which completely filled and closed the town's harbor.

False

In 1883, this volcano exploded and the resulting tsunami killed 36,000 people on Java and Sumatra.

Krakatau

In 1883, Edvard Munch created his famous painting The Scream after witnessing a blood red sky over Oslo, Norway, caused by the eruption of _________.

Krakatau Volcano, Indonesia

In August 1986, a gigantic volume of carbon dioxide gas belched forth from ____________ and swept down the adjacent valleys asphyxiating 1700 people.

Lake Nyos in Cameroon

During the summer of 1783, the greatest lava eruption of historic times poured forth at _________, accompanied by the release of an enormous volume of gases that enshrouded much of northern Europe in a "dry fog" or blue haze rich in SO2 (one of the visible components of today's urban smog).

Laki, Iceland

In the United States, there was great concern in the early 1980s when earthquakes were frequent, including harmonic tremor, and four magnitude 6 earthquakes caused damage near this volcanic center.

Long Valley caldera in California

On 8 May 1902, a massive eruption of this volcano killed 30,000 people in the town of St. Pierre. The volcano was _______________________.

Mont Pelée, Martinique

A genuine success story of advance warning before a large eruption occurred in the Philippines in 1991 before the climactic eruption of _________________.

Mt. Pinatubo

The two most active Cascade Range volcanoes over the past 4000 years are _______________.

Mt. St. Helens and Mt. Shasta

In Icelandic-type eruptions, low viscosity, low-volatile content lava erupts peacefully.

True

Pyroclastic flows can travel across bodies of water.

True

The Pacific Northwest of the United States (Washington and Oregon) has long-term risk for both explosive volcanic eruptions and a moment-magnitude earthquake of around 9.

True

The most dangerous volcanoes tend to be in the same general plate tectonic settings as the largest earthquakes in the world.

True

The radiocarbon process of documenting major eruption dates for volcanoes in the past 50,000 years or so is the same as that used to work out dates of major prehistoric earthquakes.

True

Several geologic phenomena are being studied as signs of an impending volcanic eruption. These include seismic waves, ______________, and the release of gases.

ground deformation

Active volcanoes today in Oregon and Washington, including Mt. St. Helens, result from _________________.

the subduction of the Juan de Fuca plate beneath North America