Unit 7- Nervous System Structures and Functions

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Synapse

A junction where information is transmitted from one neuron to the next.

Motor input

A response to stimuli which activates muscles or glands.

PNS divisions

Autonomic nervous system (ANS) Somatic nerves

Nervous system is divided into

Central Nervous System (CNS) and Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

Neurotransmitter

Chemical released by axon Crosses gap to stimulate dendrite of second neuron

autonomic nervous system (ANS)

Control of involuntary or unconscious bodily functions

nervous system functions

Coordinates all activities of the body

synaptic cleft

Gap between neurons Electrical impulse cannot cross

Sensory afferent neurons

Nerve cells that carry impulses towards the central nervous system

somatic nerves

Nerves that serve the skin and skeletal muscles and are mainly involved with the conscious and voluntary activities of the body.

parasympathetic nervous system

Serves as counterbalance for sympathetic nerves Causes heart rate to slow down, lowers blood pressure, and stimulates digestion

Sympathetic branch of ANS

Stimulates body in times of stress and crisis Increases heart rate, dilates airways, increases blood pressure, inhibits digestion, and stimulates production of adrenaline "fight or flight response"

ANS divided into 2 branches

Sympathetic branch Parasympathetic branch

Sensory input

To gather information occurring inside/outside the body

Parts of a Neuron

What are the different parts of a neuron?

Neurons

a nerve cell; the basic building block of the nervous system

CNS (central nervous system) consists of

brain and spinal cord

Neurons have 3 parts

cell body, dendrites, axon

PNS (peripheral nervous system) consists of

cranial nerves and spinal nerves

Neurons can conduct

electrical impulses

Nervous system has 2 types of cells

neurons and glial cells

Motor efferent neurons

neurons that take information from the brain to the rest of the body

neuroglial cells

provide physical support, insulation, and nutrients for neurons


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